Source mechanism of a large scale gas outburst at Sunagawa Coal Mine in Japan

On January 29ty, 1986, the third largest gas outburst in Japan took place at Sunagawa Coal Mine, which is the only hydraulic mine in Japan. It occurred at a face of a cross-cut, just after a coal seam was outcropped by blasting for drivage of the cross-cut. The site of the gas outburst was located 1,180 m below the surface. No workers were injured, but the cross-cut was plugged with 1,600 m³ of coal fragments extending over 100 m behind the face and 60,000 m³ of methane gas was emitted.The site of the gas outburst was investigated in detail to clarify the geological features. A normal and a reverse fault existed at the site. The area of the ejected zone was about 400 m² and extended upward along the normal fault. The shape of the ejected zone suggests a great role of the normal fault on the gas outburst.Digital seismograms, recorded by a mine-wide seismic array at the coal mine, consisting of 27 microseismic events were used to investigate the gas outburst. Magnitude, seismic energy release, distribution of hypocenter and focal mechanism were analyzed. Taking the shape of the ejected zone together with results of the seismological investigation into consideration, it appears that the seismicity started with left-lateral faulting of the reverse fault and then right-lateral faulting of the normal fault followed. The faulting of the normal fault might be the direct cause and be the predominant mechanism of the gas outburst.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal, Canada, August 30, 1987.     

不同遥感数据源在矿山开发状况及环境调查中的应用

以河北省唐山市矿区为试验区,通过对ETM、SPOT-4、SPOT-5和IKONOS等数据的使用效果对比分析,总结出不同遥感数据源在矿山开发状况及环境调查中的应用特点,并定量分析了各数据源的最小可监测图斑和最佳成图比例尺,最后,提出矿山开发与环境遥感调查数据源的选择步骤。     

地表入渗对下海州矿边坡稳定性影响研究

通过对海州矿滑坡因素的统计分析，得出降雨及地表水入侵诱发滑坡27次，其稳定性影响因素位居第二。在此基础上，建立了海州矿某断面的数学模型，并对边坡地表入渗的规律进行了研究，得出了边坡在降雨及地表入渗过程中基质吸力的变化规律以及水压力的分布、变化规律，有利于更好地了解地表入渗影响下的边坡失稳机制。     

Geological controls on natural ecosystem recovery on mine waste in southern New Zealand

Slopes of an abandoned waste rock at Wangaloa coal mine, south-east New Zealand, have naturally developed variable vegetation cover over the last 40–60 years. Three distinct areas of revegetation can clearly be identified: dense cover, patchy cover, and largely unvegetated, and the differences in revegetation success are directly related to the physical properties of different rock types making up the waste rock substrate. The colonizing plants have become established in largely unweathered rock with essentially no soil development. Quartz gravel and siltstone waste rock are the two principal rock types forming substrates for revegetation. The quartz gravel has clasts up to 3 cm, and was derived from the coal-bearing sequence. Siltstone was largely derived from a Quaternary loess cap on the coal mine area. These two substrates have similar mineral contents, and this mineral material provides the low level of available nutrients. However, there is little difference in nutrient status or trace element load of the different substrates, and differences in cohesion, moisture content, and proportion of quartz pebbles control revegetation success. Finer grained matrix has been flushed from quartz gravel waste rock by rain water, leaving a dry surface armour layer of quartz pebbles. This surface layer inhibits plant establishment, so quartz gravel waste rock remains largely unvegetated. Erosion creates deep rills, and steep surfaces creep downslope. In contrast, full vegetation cover was established on the siltstone waste rock that was cohesive and did not erode. Patchy revegetation was localized by siltstone in mixed quartz gravel and siltstone substrate. Invertebrate diversity and distribution were closely linked to the spatial patterns of revegetation. The rate of revegetation and ecosystem recovery was primarily dependent on the proportion of siltstone waste rock in the last dumped truck load. A quartz pebble content <15% is optimal for plant establishment.     

Heavy metal concentrations in shallow marine sediments affected by submarine tailings disposal and artisanal gold mining,Buyat-Ratototok district,North Sulawesi,Indonesia

Trace element concentrations in shallow marine sediments of the Buyat-Ratototok district of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, are affected by submarine disposal of industrial gold mine tailings and unregulated dumping of tailings and wastewater from small-scale gold mining using mercury amalgamation. Industrial mine tailings contained 590–690 ppm arsenic, 490–580 ppm antimony, and 0.8–5.8 ppm mercury. Tailings-affected sediment As and Sb concentrations were 20–30 times higher than in muddy sediments not contaminated with tailings, and 50–60 times higher than pre-mining average. Highest mercury concentrations were observed in sediments affected by small-scale mining using mercury amalgamation (5–29 ppm). Concentrations of most other trace elements were comparable in sediments affected by both types of mining and were slightly higher than regional averages for sediments collected before the onset of industrial mining. Elevated concentrations of both As and Sb in approximately equal proportions suggest tailings dispersal of at least 3.5 km. Mercury released from artisanal gold mining dispersed up to 4 km from river mouths. Slight increases in concentrations of non-mercury trace elements in areas affected by artisanal mining over pre-industrial mining concentrations were probably caused by increased rates of erosion. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

开山采石对山体的破坏及治理对策

根据金坛市开山采石对生态环境和自然景观的破坏状况,阐述了加强对山体丘陵资源保护的重要意义,进一步提出开山采石矿山环境保护和治理的对策建议。     

环首都经济圈矿山地质环境现状及治理对策研究

河北省内环绕北京的十四个县(市、区)作为最早提出的环首都经济圈,是承接北京产业发展布局调整的重点区域,对区内矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理程度对区域环境有着举足轻重的影响,而区内矿山地质环境保护与治理现状情况却不容乐观,地质灾害频发,对圈内矿山地质环境现状和矿山地质环境保护与治理工作成果进行总结分析,提出生产矿区地质环境"边开采,边治理",强制推行露天开采环保作业和建立矿山地质环境监测体系等治理对策措施,矿山地质环境问题逐步改善。     

绿色勘查技术在广丰许家桥黑滑石矿详查中的应用

在村镇辖区周边矿产勘查中,遇到民居、农田、道路、农业基础设施、山地植被绿化等,为了保护生态环境,满足绿色勘查的要求,提高地质矿产勘查工作质量和效率,在广丰许家桥黑滑石矿详查中,采用无人机航测、便携式全液压岩心钻机等技术设备进行勘查施工.项目通过先进的设备选型、环保的技术工艺、科学的勘查方案及具体的环保措施,取得了缩短勘查周期、提高岩（矿）心采取率、消除传统勘查安全隐患、降低征地搬迁劳动强度与成本及减轻对生态环境的污染与破坏的成效,实现了地质勘查质优高效,经济效益和社会效益双丰收,达到绿色勘察的目标任务。地质矿产勘查工作走绿色勘查之路,不仅保护了绿水青山生态环境,还可通过高标准的绿色勘查技术手段和环境保护要求,提高勘查效率和质量、降低劳动强度和成本、实现节能降耗目标,是一条可持续、高质量发展之路。     

唐家会煤矿透明地质保障系统构建及示范

唐家会煤矿智能化建设面临导水断层发育、带压开采等制约因素,地质条件不透明成为智能开采的技术瓶颈。唐家会煤矿以奥灰水害防治为重点,采用孔中瞬变电磁、孔间电阻率、随掘地震、随采地震、微震监测5项先进技术,构建了实时动态透明地质保障系统,实现基于透明地质模型的水害防治、快速掘进和智能回采3个目标,以支撑自主截割快速掘进和自主规划智能回采2条智能采掘作业线,其中,随采地震探测技术在61304智能回采工作面超前80 d、344 m发现了SYC1异常区并持续跟踪预报,现已得到回采揭露验证。透明地质保障系统的示范应用,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益:① 61304工作面解放了受奥灰水威胁近100万t煤炭资源;② 61302快速掘进工作面的进尺由原来的260 m/月提高到352 m/月;③ 61304智能开采工作面日常用工减少70%。      

土耳其卡赞碱矿对接井分层同时开采设计方案探讨

土耳其卡赞天然碱矿采用了对接井水溶开采的方法,目前已成功完成了100余组对接井组,创造了显著的社会与经济效益。为了提高矿山的利用率,根据现有情况和地质条件,本文针对卡赞碱矿四期钻井工程,提出了3种分层同时开采碱层的可选方案进行探讨。在总体方案已基本确定的情况下,提出了分层同时开采的布井原则,并对3种方案进行了简要阐述及各项指标对比。本文选择了具有钻井工作量少、工期较短及投资费用较低等优点的可选方案C（1口水平井+2口垂直井）,详细阐述了垂直井施工、水平井施工及溶采操作,并提出了一些技术问题与建议。该分层同时开采方案对于天然碱矿的多层同时开采及回采率提高具有一定的指导作用和借鉴意义。