杨庄煤矿六煤底板采动效应研究

根据杨庄煤矿的开采地质条件,分别建立了走向和倾向两类基本模型,应用数值模拟方法,模拟计算了工作面不同推进距离和不同切眼长度时,底板的破坏深度、范围及采动底板应力分布。数值模拟与现场应力测试及注水试验结果基本一致。对煤矿底板灰岩水的防治有一定的指导意义。     

煤矿井筒重复破坏的化学注浆治理

兴隆庄矿西风井井筒事隔5a后第二次发生破坏,原因是松散层失水造成第四系压缩下沉。经分析论证,采用地面注水泥浆-化学浆复合注浆工艺,通过浆液在裂隙中流动、凝胶、劈裂、充填,可实现对岩体裂隙的封堵,达到控水、增强、防止沉降的目的。      

Quantitative comparison of river inflows to a rapidly expanding lake in central Tibetan Plateau

The recent rapid expansion of inland lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are a good indicator of the consequences of climate change. Quantifying the hydrological cycle of the lake basin is fundamentally important to understand the causes of lake growth. However, the hydrological processes of the TP interior are very complex and difficult to investigate because of the lack of observations. This is especially true for estimating the lake changes when run‐off inflows are affected by small lakes located in the flow routes within drainage areas. We used an integrated hydrological model, in combination with glacier melt and lake retention models, to analyse the run‐off inflows to Lake Siling Co, the largest endorheic lake in Tibet. It includes four subdrainage basins: Zhajiazangbu, Zhagenzangbu, Alizangbu, and Boquzangbu. Lake Siling Co was characterized by considerable increases during warm season from 1981 to 2012, due to the increased run‐off from Zhajiazangbu accounting for about 51–62% of the total run‐off inflows. Moreover, the dramatic increases exhibited during cold seasons were related to the increased retention water released from the small lakes within Zhagenzangbu and Alizangbu. Of the studied subdrainage basins, Boquzangbu contributed the least during both warm and cold seasons. On average, the annual amount of evaporation from lakes within the drainage area was about 2 times greater than that of glacier melt run‐off. Our results suggest that the retention effects of lakes on river inflows should receive more attention, because understanding these effects is potentially crucial to improved understanding of lake variations in the TP.     

鄂东南大冶矿区地质环境影响性评价

在我国,矿业城市的地质环境问题日趋严重,需要探索一套适合于区域矿山地质环境影响性评价的技术方法,以指导矿业城市或重点矿区的矿产资源开发和环境保护。以鄂东南大冶矿区(即大冶市)为例,以遥感调查数据为基础,建立了由地质环境背景、已有地质环境问题和矿山开采活动三方面组成的区域矿山地质环境影响性评价指标体系,采用传统的模糊综合评价方法,分别对自然状态下矿区的地质灾害易发性和采矿状态下的矿区地质环境影响性进行了定量评价。结果表明:(1)自然状态下,大冶矿区地质灾害高易发区、较高易发区、较低易发区及低易发区分别占评价总面积的3.29%、12.55%、24.53%及59.62%;(2)采矿状态下,大冶矿区地质环境影响性严重区、较严重区、一般、轻微区分别占评价总面积的13.63%、22.96%、33.95%及24.96%。评价结果可作为大冶矿区矿产开发规划和综合性地质环境治理的重要依据。     

密云水库上游矿产资源开发对土壤环境的影响

通过对密云水库上游白河主要支流汤河、琉璃河流域和潮河流域内矿山开采现状调查,以及对区内采集的250件土壤样品测试成果,对区内土壤环境采用重金属总量分布特征、相关性分析法进行现状分析;并采用地累积指数污染评价、污染负荷指数评价和GIS空间分析等方法,开展矿山土壤环境影响现状评价,划分区内土壤污染范围,提出初步的治理对策建议。     

青海省北部绿草山地区化探元素组合分类信息探讨

对化探元素组合分类信息的研究可以为下一步的化探异常查证及成矿预测有很大的帮助。该文利用因子分析法对大柴旦行委绿草山地区23个元素、6026件样品的化探分析测试数据进行了元素的组合分类信息探讨。结果表明,因子得分图可以是分类元素组浅表地球化学场的一种反映,高低异常突变区域可能为不同性质地球化学场界面或者作为构造线的反映,处于构造部位的局部低缓异常区也应在化探异常查证工作中引起重视。     

普定猫洞乡可处村地质灾害成因及防治对策研究

本文对普定猫洞乡可处村地质灾害的成因进行了分析评价,并讨论了其地质灾害形成机制,提出了针对性的防治对策,为地质灾害防治提供了科学依据。     

枣庄市峄城区矿山开采现状与地质环境治理探讨

根据枣庄市峄城区矿山开采对地质环境造成的破坏及对矿业可持续发展调研分析,认为开采不仅对山体、植被等造成了直接破坏,还导致诸如地表塌陷、山体滑坡等安全隐患,矿山环境治理要从思想上、经费上、法律法规上、技术上入手解决,对已关停矿山地质环境治理,除加大宣传力度外,重点落实对矿山地质环境治理工作的责任、治理规划的编制实施,不断完善、探索治理方法和治理技术攻关及对策预案工作。     

Subsurface grout barriers for ground stabilization in dolomite areas near Carletonville, South Africa

 Artificial lowering of the groundwater level in dolomitic aquifers of the Far West Rand gold mining area has led to the formation of hundreds of sinkholes and subsidences. Where ground movements develop in or around important structures, it has become standard practice to drill boreholes for exploration and to inject mine tailings (slimes), cement and water to fill cavernous zones and arrest further ground movements. Although this method of grouting has mostly been effective, some boreholes accepted such large quantities of grout that the operation became prohibitively expensive. This paper describes an experiment to construct subsurface barriers by pouring wet (high slump) concrete via closely-spaced lines of boreholes into cavernous zones beneath a depression on a provincial road. The barriers required a small quantity of concrete and the zone between barriers was quickly filled by grout. The lack of further ground movements confirmed the success of the project. Received: 22 May 2000 · Accepted: 18 July 2000     

矿产资源开发的地质环境影响及其治理对策——以北京首钢铁矿环境治理与保护措施为例

开发矿产资源创造大量财富的同时,也对矿区生态环境产生了严重的负面影响。本文概述了我国矿产资源开发对地质环境造成的普遍影响。通过分析了北京首钢铁矿“三废”防治、地质环境治理和生态修复的成功经验,总结了矿山地质环境治理与保护的方法和措施,提出了加强矿山环境保护的对策和建议。