金矿尾矿库对近海生态环境的影响

近海生态环境具有特殊敏感性,金矿尾矿库座落于这一地区,会对大气、地表水、地下水及防风树林产生影响.为此,我们概化了水文地质条件,选取了合理的参数,建立了模型,重点分析了金矿尾矿库对地下水水位的影响.     

灞河生态需水量研究

依据灞河实测径流资料,计算了河道生态需水量,并采用Tennant法对计算成果进行验证。计算结果表明灞河生态需水量占流域多年平均地表水资源总量的43．75％,为灞河水资源开发利用及生态环境治理提供科学依据。     

煤矿开采对毕节地区地下水环境的影响研究

在对毕节地区煤矿开采现状调查的基础上,探讨煤炭开采对地下水环境的影响,分别从水资源量减少、水质污染、含水层水位变化三个方面进行论述,并指出由此引发的相关的问题,最后提出了煤矿开采区保护水环境、防止水环境恶化的建议。     

Researches on Plants from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in the Qujing District, Eastern Yunnan

Fossil plants Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998, Huia gracilis Wang et Hao 2001 and Guangnania cuneata Wang et Hao are described from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation, the Qujing district, eastern Yunnan, China. They contribute to our knowledge of the flora in this district. Based on the occurrence of common plants (Hedeia, Huia, Guangnania and Zosterophyllum australianum) and their horizons, it is proved for the first time that the mid-lower assemblage of the Xujiachong flora is comparable with the Early Devonian ((late) Pragian) Posongchong flora of southeastern Yunnan and the upper Baragwanathia flora of Australia. In view of this fact and the stratigraphic sequence, the mid-lower part of the Xujiachong Formation is considered to be of (late) Pragian age. Through comprehensive analyses of plant, bivalve and fish assemblages and the lithology, the upper part of the Xujiachong Formation is dated to be of early Emsian age. The Xujiachong flora belonged to the northeastern Gondwana palaeophytogeogr     

强胁迫力使脆弱环境突变——松辽平原百年开发史例证

以松辽平原为案例,首次提出并论证了"人类强胁迫力作用于脆弱环境系统必将导致生态环境突变"的命题。而这种突变机理又对"人类力是现代环境变化的第一驱动力"的论点提供支持。文章运用了区域学原理,对区域综合要素进行了分析,判定区域属于脆弱系统;运用地理景观理论,构建了距今约150年、100年、50年和现今(2000年)共4个时期的区域生态景观模型,揭示出人类逐阶强化胁迫的过程,并结合遥感分析,首次识别出松辽平原大面积荒漠和半荒漠;引进系统突变模型,论证了生态环境突变过程的存在及所特有的快速扩张性,可导致重大生态灾难--荒漠化过程失控。文章建议应认真研究中国广大地带的环境突变问题,制定科学合理的环境战略,应对全球环境变化的挑战。     

再论华南（东）晋宁－加里东海盆地形成、演化及封闭

华南（东）晋宁－加里东海盆地形成于青白口纪，经历了晋宁期，加里东早期及加里东晚期３个演化阶段。海盆地基底为陆壳，形成于拉伸的裂谷环境，海盆地的封闭以陆内俯冲及拼贴为主，具多阶段性。海盆地基底，特别是华夏地块基底高热值属性导致了加里东海盆地有湘桂海盆地和赣闽粤海盆地２种类型，后者位于华夏基底之上，活动性明显，形成数条陆内动力热流变质带。     

利用地质成果优化3010皮带上山设计

3010皮带上 山 建成 后将 担 负着 范各 庄 矿三 水平 、四 水平 的 煤炭 运输 任 务,服务 年 限要 求 至 少 30a。 此 皮 带上山 位于 岩 溶陷 落柱 较 发育 的井 口 区域 ,范 各庄 矿 发现 的 12个 陷落 柱 全部 位于 此 区域 。由 于 陷落 柱直 接 导通 下部 奥 灰水 ,一 旦揭 露 将有 淹没 整 个矿 井的 危 险。为 保 证矿 井安 全 ,在 工程 施工 前 ,利用 地 质手 段对 设 计区 域进 行 了探 查,发现皮 带上 山 的中 上部 发 育有 岩溶 陷 落柱 ,两 次对 设 计进 行了 修 改,为 施 工提 供了 安 全保 障。     

Thermodynamic properties of tooeleite,Fe63+(As3+O3)4(SO4)(OH)4·4H2O

Tooeleite, nominally Fe₆³⁺(As³⁺O₃)₄(SO₄)(OH)₄·4H₂O, is a relatively uncommon mineral of some acid-mine drainage systems. Yet, if it does occur, it does so in large quantities, indicating that some specific conditions favor the formation of this mineral in the system Fe-As-S-O-H. In this contribution, we report the thermodynamic properties of synthetic tooeleite. The sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. These methods confirmed that the sample is pure, devoid of amorphous impurities of iron oxides, and that the oxidation state of arsenic is 3+. Using acid-solution calorimetry, the enthalpy of formation of this mineral from the elements at the standard conditions was determined as −6196.6 ± 8.6 kJ mol⁻¹. The entropy of tooeleite, calculated from low-temperature heat capacity data measured by relaxation calorimetry, is 899.0 ± 10.8 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. The calculated standard Gibbs free energy of formation is −5396.3 ± 9.3 kJ mol⁻¹. The log K_sp value, calculated for the reaction Fe₆(AsO₃)₄(SO₄)(OH)₄·4H₂O + 16H⁺ = 6Fe³⁺ + 4H₃AsO₃ + SO₄²⁻ + 8H₂O, is −17.25 ± 1.80. Tooeleite has stability field only at very high activities of aqueous sulfate and arsenate. As such, it does not appear to be a good candidate for arsenic immobilization at polluted sites. An inspection of speciation diagrams shows that the predominance field of Fe³⁺ and As³⁺ overlap only at strongly basic conditions. The formation of tooeleite, therefore, requires strictly selective oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ and, at the same time, firm conservation of the trivalent oxidation state of arsenic. Such conditions can be realized only by biological systems (microorganisms) which can selectively oxidize one redox-active element but leave the other ones untouched. Hence, tooeleite is the first example of an “obligatory” biomineral under the conditions prevailing at or near the Earth's surface because its formation under these conditions necessitates the action of microorganisms.     

甘肃白银矿田基性火山岩的LA—ICP—MS同位素年代学

对白银矿田基性火山岩进行LA—ICP—MS法单颗粒锆石U—Pb年代学研究,查明白银矿田基性火山岩的成岩时代为465．0Ma±3．7Ma．相当于中奥陶世。结合前人的矿田酸性火山岩精确的同位素定年资料（467．3±2．9Ma和467．1±2．2Ma）,认为白银矿田成矿时代为中奥陶世。舍矿火山岩系形成于奥陶纪的岛弧-裂谷环境。这些成果对进一步深入研究白银矿田的构造演化和指导北祁连山白银式块状硫化物矿床的找寻具有重要意义。