冬奥会交通走廊矿山地质环境治理思路探讨--以三道营铁矿有限公司铁矿为例

随着2022年冬奥会所有雪上运动项目将在崇礼县进行,届时将接待大量国内外游客,但是该县境内在冬奥会交通走廊及赛场周边共有7个露天开采矿山点,由此产生了大量的矿山地质环境问题,有损于城市形象,本次工作任务是消除奥运通道沿线矿山地质环境破坏对视觉景观的影响。本文选择其中最为典型的三道营铁矿有限公司铁矿为例,阐述其恢复治理的思路,以供探讨治理方案。思路为少投入,多见效,治理重点考虑水土保持措施和生态复绿效果。矿区中较大的废石堆、渣堆、露天采坑,主要采用削高填低、分阶整平、覆土绿化的治理措施,矿区地势较低、容易汇水的地段修建截排水沟,将地表汇水引入露天采坑储存,并可作为绿化用水。设计的矿山工程从施工可行性、施工工艺复杂性、环境治理效果、工程投资费用大小及效益产出等多方面,进行了分析对比。     

平顶山矿区影响煤层气含气量的地质因素研究

通过对研究区煤层气含气量的研究,揭示了影响研究区煤层气含气量的地质因素。沉积因素对煤层气有重要影响：煤层厚度与含气量之间的正相关关系;构造因素对含气量具有控制作用;水文地质因素有利于煤层气的保存。     

巷道锚索支护体系的建立与可靠性分析

结合山东省新汶矿业集团协庄煤矿巷道锚索支护的实际应用情况，分析了锚索支护的设计、施工工序及配套机具、支护作用力计算、现场施工中存在的问题、预应力的损失补偿、施工质量监测等，以提高巷道锚索支护的可靠性。     

海孜煤矿煤层构造规律及预测

在井下详细调查的基础上,对已采区中小型煤层断层和层滑构造进行了深入研究,结果表明,断层展布以北东向为主,大都为层间断裂,成带等距排列。层滑是以北西-南东滑动方向为主体的复合式构造,它常发育在7、8、10等煤层顶板附近,而对7、8煤层破坏最严重,这是7、8煤层急剧增厚变薄以致不可采的主要原因。煤层变薄带不仅在平面上的展布具有方向性、等距性和分区性等特点,而且还表现为不同方向的叠加复合。构造对煤矿生产经营产生了多种影响,在工作中利用构造规律,对未采区进行构造预测,取得了显著效果。      

The environmental risk posed by small dumps of complex arsenic,antimony, nickel and cobalt sulphides

Mine waste dumps sited in the vicinity of mine workings typically consist of fragmented rock masses which in chemical terms may be defined as "complex systems", due to uncertainties in accurately simulating their behaviour, when water or aqueous solutions percolate through them. Remediation of the contamination problems created by abandoned mine dumps concerns many former mining areas from Europe to Africa. These dumps usually range in size from a few hundred thousand up to million cubic meters of rock defined as “waste” but which still contain significant amounts of potentially toxic elements. Although relatively small, they are often densely distributed in the territory impacting on surface and ground-water. This scenario is particularly applicable to the region of Sardinia, Italy, where several small dumps of uncommon sulphide minerals still exist on derelict mine sites. This paper reports on the results of a research project aimed at defining appropriate remedial measures of acid rock drainage. A dump of a Co–Ni–As–Sb complex sulphides mine was investigated and simulated in a laboratory leaching column. The column was irrigated with distilled water and a repetitive behaviour of the polluting elements concentrations in the effluents was observed for each run. Regardless of the campaign duration and the extent of the intervals between tests metal ions concentration peaks (250–50 ppm for Ni, 35–20 ppm for Co, 1.6–0.4 ppm for As, 20–15 ppm for Zn and 0.03–0.002 ppm for Sb) and acidic conditions (pH 2.5–3.5), on resumption of each irrigation, was noticed. As percolation continued, the ion concentrations decreased within the discharge limits after the replacement of only two pore volumes of the column material. This produces the conception that a sufficiently long rainfall period could remediate the polluting effects. Conception contradicted by field experiences: sporadic rainfall events, typical of the region, are not sufficient to completely leach out the metal ions. The repetitive nature of the leaching processes, both quantitatively and qualitatively, can be explained only by the activity of a microflora thriving in the rock mass even during long dry periods. Microbial tests and neutralisation campaigns confirmed this hypothesis and suggested that any effective remediation strategy must take into consideration the interaction between environmental factors with microbiological activities.     

湖南湘西金矿尾矿-水相互作用的动力学

湖南湘西金矿尾矿-水相互作用非常强烈,导致了尾矿中硫化矿物、硅酸盐矿物的溶解和金属元素的活化迁移。实验和理论分析表明,尾矿-水相互作用过程中存在多相（表面）催化和自催化作用,尾矿中金属硫化物的溶解导致水溶液酸化和SO4等介质浓度增高,并进一步促进尾矿-水相互作用和尾矿中金属元素的释放和迁移;同时,尾矿-水相互作用中释放的金属元素与水溶液中的阴离子形成稳定的络合物,金属的水解可显著加快金属络合物的形成速率,从而又进一步促进了尾矿-水的相互作用。     

广东大宝山矿区植被污染信息的遥感识别方法研究

为了探索遥感技术识别矿山植被污染信息的有效方法,基于ASTER和QuickBird 2种数据源,采用植被指数法和植被绿度法2种方法,对广东大宝山矿区的植被污染信息进行了识别研究。通过不同数据源、不同识别方法的对比分析,为遥感技术识别矿山植被污染信息的推广应用提供了工作思路和科学依据。     

金川矿区深部找矿方向探讨

在金川所做的研究表明，金川矿区深部矿化富集除与岩体有关外，还与成矿后的构造—热液关系密切，构造—热液使部分初始成矿物质产生活化，并在褶皱、断裂的低压扩容部位再次聚集。经钻孔验证，发现了新的工业矿体(相当于一个中型镍矿)，提出了今后找矿的方向和有色矿山缓解资源危机的有效途径。     

滇东北铅锌(银)矿矿集区成矿规律研究

滇东北铅锌(银)矿集区,是云南省重要的铅锌(银)产地,含6个矿带,总计上表(截止2008年底)Pb+Zn 766.9 180万t(Pb 291.0723万t、Zn 475.8475万t),占全省上表Pb+Zn储量的19.36%。其主体地质特征与MVT型相似,但也存在差异,可称为MVT型含氟、钡的新亚类———滇东北型。     

安宁县街磷矿区地质环境遥感评价方法研究

本文论述了利用遥感技术开展矿山地质环境调查的技术方法与路线,对云南安宁县街磷矿区因矿山开采产生的矿区生态环境恶化、岩溶石漠化、水资源污染、地表植被破坏等矿山地质环境问题的遥感影像特征进行分类.快速、准确、经济地摸清研究区内矿山地质环境现状及矿业开发对生态环境的影响;为合理开发矿产资源、矿山生态恢复与治理等提供详实资料.