Variation in organochlorine accumulation in relation to the life history of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

Members of the catadromous eel live in various fresh, brackish and marine habitats. Therefore, these eels can accumulate organic pollutants and are a suitable bioindicator species for determining the levels of organic contaminants within different water bodies. The ecological risk for organochlorine compounds (OCs) in Anguilla japonica with various migration patterns, such as freshwater, estuarine and marine residences, was examined to understand the specific accumulation patterns. The concentrations of HCB, ∑HCHs, ∑CHLs and ∑DDTs in the silver stage (maturing) eel were significantly higher than those in the yellow stage (immature) eel, in accordance with the higher lipid contents in the former versus the latter. The OC accumulations were clearly different among migratory types in the eel. The ecological risk of OCs increased as the freshwater residence period in the eel lengthened. The migratory histories and the lipid contents directly affected the OC accumulation in the catadromous eel species.     

多震源地震数据偏移成像方法

多震源地震技术是一种高效的地震数据采集方法技术,得到的地震记录是来自多个震源的混合地震数据.本文在多震源波场传播理论和地震波场满足线性叠加原理的基础上,提出了两种多震源地震数据的偏移成像方法.第一种方法是首先对多震源地震数据进行分离,得到各个单震源的地震数据,然后再利用常规的偏移成像方法进行处理;第二种方法是多震源地震数据的直接偏移成像.把本文提出的多震源偏移成像方法应用于数值模拟的多震源地震数据,验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性,直接偏移成像方法较分离后再偏移方法具有更高的计算效率.     

Analysis of impact of outfalls on surrounding soil and groundwater environment

With certain outfalls in Baoding as an example and in combination with test results of soil and water samples taken from both sides of such outfalls, the organic contamination compounds influence on the surrounding soil and groundwater environment was analysed, the distribution features of the main organic contamination in soil and groundwater in different depth were discussed, and the vertical and longitudinal migration rule of all kinds of main organic contamination compounds in soil and groundwater in the sewage irrigation area was studied.     

DFT study of migration enthalpies in MgSiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> perovskite

The effect of pressure on ionic diffusion in orthorhombic MgSiO₃ perovskite has been investigated using density functional theory. An intensive investigation of possible silicon pathways revealed new positions of the saddle-points and an enthalpy of migration at 26.2 GPa of 4.7 eV that is in fair agreement with the experimental values of about 3.5 eV at 25 GPa. This is much lower than found in previous studies (~9 eV) and removes the need to explain silicon diffusion by a complicated process involving coupled oxygen vacancies, as has been previously proposed. Our migration enthalpies for oxygen and magnesium are in excellent agreement with experiments. We find that oxygen diffusion occurs via a chain of several inequivalent jumps along the octahedron edges, and that magnesium occurs via two inequivalent [110] jumps and one [001] jump. We also present activation volumes for all three species at 25 and 135 GPa.     

International students’ post-graduation migration plans and the search for home

Research on international student’s post migration plans treats migration as a binary stay-return category and focuses on push-pull factors as the cause of this migration. In this paper we expand the definition of migration and consider the role of life experiences and aspirations, particularly the concept of home. We ask, what are the different conceptualizations of home and how are these tied to differential migratory plans? We analyze data from 232 interviews with international students from more than 50 countries who attended a flagship public university in Canada from 2006–2013.We find that students have four ways of thinking about home: as host, as ancestral, as cosmopolitan, and as nebulous. These understandings of home correspond to particular post-migration plans. While students who view home as a host plan to stay, and those who view home as ancestral plan to return, those with cosmopolitan and nebulous conceptions of home have more open migration plans.     

东亚大陆大三角地震区的强震成组活动迁移图像分析

本文分析了1900—2008年东亚大陆大三角地震区7.5级以上大地震的地震活动时空图像, 认为: ① 1902—1974年东亚大陆大三角地震区的7.5级以上浅源地震成组活动的主体地区, 沿着大三角地震区的边界顺时针迁移, 到了1997—2001年开始转移到大三角地震区的内部; ② 对于整个大三角地震区而言, 近代7.5级以上浅源地震的震级(M)-时间(t)过程表明, 地震活动是活跃和平静交替出现的幕式过程; ③ 大三角地震区近代7.5级以上浅源地震的时空迁移图像的力学机制, 可能是地震区内地震断层应力转移和耦合的相互作用。     

数据自相关多次波偏移成像

在常规偏移方法中一般都需要压制地震数据中的多次波,仅利用一次波信息成像,把自由表面反射的多次波视为噪声,但是在多次波中也包含着地下结构信息,应该将其充分利用到成像中来.事实上,已经有不少成像方法试图利用多次波信息,但是大部分方法都需要对多次波进行预测.本文提出了基于傅里叶有限差分偏移算子的数据自相关偏移方法.在这种偏移方法中,对含有一次波和多次波的地震数据,分别进行下行和上行延拓,然后直接利用常规的互相关成像条件成像.由于波场延拓采用了傅里叶有限差分算子,其计算效率高,能够很好地对复杂介质中的地震数据进行延拓.在数值试验中,使用了一个含散射点的三层模型和Marmousi模型.合成数据测试结果表明,这种方法可以对更大范围的地下构造成像,比常规的只利用一次波的傅里叶有限差分法照明度更好,并且在浅层可以提供更高的分辨率.我们提出的数据自相关策略易于实现且避免了繁杂的多次波预测,这对于复杂地下构造成像可能有着重大意义.     

海水速度差异对中深层偏移成像的影响分析

本文针对深水环境下中深层偏移成像质量差的问题,考虑海水速度变化对中深层偏移成像质量的影响,从在大水深中加入深海声道模型入手,分析在偏移成像当中海水速度的不同选取对水平层状介质、倾斜层介质以及较复杂介质模型偏移成像质量的影响,通过在同一模型上改变海水速度进行成像,分析中深层成像效果可以得出:在大水深反射资料数据处理当中应该考虑真实的海水速度进行成像处理,否则会由于海水速度的选取不当而造成偏移成像层位的空间位置和中深层层位几何形态的变化.     

Prestack exploding reflector modelling and migration for anisotropic media

The double‐square‐root equation is commonly used to image data by downward continuation using one‐way depth extrapolation methods. A two‐way time extrapolation of the double‐square‐root‐derived phase operator allows for up and downgoing wavefields but suffers from an essential singularity for horizontally travelling waves. This singularity is also associated with an anisotropic version of the double‐square‐root extrapolator. Perturbation theory allows us to separate the isotropic contribution, as well as the singularity, from the anisotropic contribution to the operator. As a result, the anisotropic residual operator is free from such singularities and can be applied as a stand alone operator to correct for anisotropy. We can apply the residual anisotropy operator even if the original prestack wavefield was obtained using, for example, reverse‐time migration. The residual correction is also useful for anisotropic parameter estimation. Applications to synthetic data demonstrate the accuracy of the new prestack modelling and migration approach. It also proves useful in approximately imaging the Vertical Transverse Isotropic Marmousi model.     

Measurement of iodine-129 in seawater samples collected from the Japan Sea area using accelerator mass spectrometry: Contribution of nuclear fuel reprocessing plants

The concentrations of ¹²⁹I in seawater samples from two sites (off Sekine and the Toyama Bay) in the Japan Sea were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry. The observed concentrations exceed amounts expected from natural origin and globally distributed fallout due to nuclear weapons testing. Because the fraction of natural origin and global fallout is 2% and 8.9–13.8%, respectively, the residual more than 80% of the concentration must come primarily from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. This result indicates a rapid distribution of ¹²⁹I through atmospheric transport on a global scale. The depth distribution of ¹²⁹I at the Toyama Bay in the Japan Sea shows that the ¹²⁹I maximum is in the mixed layer and that concentrations decrease with depth. The inventory of ¹²⁹I in water column is four times higher than that measured in the Gulf of Mexico which has almost the same depth at the Toyama Bay. This higher inventory probably reflects: (1) the rapid water sinking in the Japan Sea, (2) the difference of distance in sampling locations with respect to major ¹²⁹I releasing plants and (3) the strong increase in emissions from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants after the profile of the Gulf of Mexico was taken.