Mineralization of the Liwu large-scale stratiform copper deposits in Sichuan Province,China: Constraints from fluid inclusions

The Liwu stratiform copper deposit is located in the northwestern Jianglang dome, western China. Current studies mainly focus on the genetic type and mineralization of this deposit. Detailed fluid inclusion characteristics of metallogenic period quartz veins were studied to reveal the ore-forming fluid features. Laser Raman analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids is a H₂O-NaCl-CH₄ (-CO₂) system. Fluid inclusions microthermometry shows a homogenization temperature of 181–375°C and a salinity of 5.26%–16.99% for the disseminated-banded Cu-Zn mineralization; but a homogenization temperature of 142–343°C and a salinity of 5.41%–21.19% for the massive-veined Cu-Zn mineralization. These features suggest a medium-high temperature and a medium salinity for the ore-forming fluids. H-O isotopic data indicates that the ore-forming fluids were mainly from the metamorphic and magmatic water, plus minor formation water. And sulfur isotopic data indicates that sulfur was mainly derived from the formation and magmatic rocks. Metallogenesis of the disseminated-banded mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid mixing and water-rock reaction; whereas that of the massive-veined mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid boiling. The genetic type of the deposit is a medium-high temperature hydrothermal deposit related to magmatism and controlled by shear zones. This study is beneficial to understand the stratiform copper deposit.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

西拉木伦构造带克德河砂砾岩的时代及构造意义

西拉木伦构造带北部双井地区发育一套巨厚的、成熟度低的快速堆积的粗碎屑沉积建造,为同造山磨拉石沉积,前人称其为克德河砂砾岩带并将其时代分别划为中二叠世(哲斯组)、晚二叠世(林西组)。本次工作对该套地层进行了大比例尺剖面测量,对取自剖面第下、中、上(1、25、86层)三个部分的砂岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,结果显示：3个样品具有相似的主要年龄区间,依次为405-485Ma、401-463Ma、363-520Ma,其峰值年龄分别为427Ma、445Ma、440Ma,锆石数量分别占总量的48％、52.5％和38.75％;其次为大于1000Ma的年龄,锆石数量分别占30.7%、22.5%、45%,且均具有1800Ma和2500Ma左右的峰值年龄,明显具有华北板块基底年龄信息;自下而上3个测年样品最年轻峰值年龄分别为312Ma、376Ma,282Ma,最年轻的锆石年龄分别为304Ma、244Ma和245Ma。在第85层杂色复成分砾岩的灰岩砾石中发现晚石炭－早二叠世阿木山组的蜓和珊瑚化石,在41及43层发现中生代孢粉化石。综合碎屑锆石测年及生物化石研究结果,克德河砂砾岩带的时代应为中三叠世。推测西拉木伦构造带经历了一个较长的演化过程,中二叠世开始华北板块和西伯利亚板块进入碰撞造山阶段, 同造山磨拉石建造(克德河砂砾岩带)标志着中亚造山带演化的终止,华北板块和西伯利亚板块的碰撞拼合造山一直延续到中三叠世才结束。     

大兴安岭中段林西组砂岩LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗西北部分布大面积的晚二叠世林西组沉积地层,该沉积地层主要为长石砂岩、粉砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩夹不同规模的含砾砂岩及灰岩,中部含有较为丰富的双壳类、植物化石。本次研究针对林西组下部的长石岩屑砂岩进行LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb测年工作,共获得98个有效年龄,年龄分布范围为（2 552.3±22.5）~（227.6±5.4）Ma,大部分年龄位于谐和曲线上,部分结果偏离曲线,根据测试数据按年龄值和频率分布特征大致分为以下几组：上泥盆世—晚二叠世（380.0~246.1 Ma）、志留纪—寒武纪晚期（489.0~413.8 Ma）、中元古代—新元古代（1 239.5～808.1 Ma）、古元古代（2 554.0～1 784.3 Ma）。上述年龄与区域上的岩浆事件基本吻合。综合研究表明研究区内林西组沉积下限为（253.4±1.5） Ma,林西组的物源主体应来自于西拉木伦河—延吉一线,其余锆石来源主要为兴蒙造山带内部、华北板块北缘和东北各地块,1.8和2.5 Ga的碎屑锆石更有可能来自华北板块北缘,华北板块和西伯利亚板块在（253.4±1.5） Ma之前已经完成碰撞、拼合,古亚洲洋已经闭合,兴蒙海槽形成。林西组海相核形石的发现表明晚二叠世大兴安岭中段地区应以海相环境为主,直到三叠纪早期才逐渐转变为陆相沉积环境。     

The upper Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequence at solonovka on the Cis-Altai plain,west Siberia – First luminescence dating results

Loess-palaeosol deposits of the Upper Pleistocene cover an extensive territory in the south of Western Siberia. Previously, most studies of loess-palaeosol sequences were carried out on river bank sections of the Ob river around Novosibirsk and upstream of this location (Ob Loess plateau); more recently, the focus of research has shifted towards the inner part of the Cis-Altai plain. Despite a good knowledge of the structure of regional loess-palaeosol sequences, there is a considerable lack of absolute dating beyond the radiocarbon limit. However, recent high resolution luminescence dating of a key Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5) stratotype at Lozhok has identified the presence of a long hiatus in the deposit. As a result, the published ages of the main units have been underestimated, because the existing chronology is largely based on palaeosol counting. This new observation argues for an urgent re-evaluation of the accepted chronostratigraphy of Western Siberian Late Quaternary. Here we present the first luminescence data for a loess-palaeosol sequence of the Cis-Altai plain, at the Solonovka key section, using both quartz optically stimulated luminescence and feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence from 25 samples. The results show that the deposits were formed during the Late Pleistocene. The ∼1 m thick well-developed upper pedocomplex (PC1) has cryoturbation cracks filled with upper loess; this a characteristic regional benchmark for stratigraphic correlation. Two distinct hiatuses in sedimentation are found in the section: at the boundary of MIS 3/2, and after the formation of the MIS 5 Berdsk pedocomplex (PC3 and 2) until the beginning of the formation of MIS 3 deposits. The age of the thick PC3 palaeosol at the base of the section is determined as MIS 5, confirming evidence for the pronounced Kazantsevo (Eemian) interglacial in the loess-palaeosol record of Western Siberia. The results of our study emphasize the importance of understanding the palaeogeomorphological background to soil development, and the necessity of absolute chronology; we consider that the position of MIS 5 in the regional chronostratigraphic chart of South Western Siberia requires further study.     

孔兹岩带古元古代中期构造背景：来自卓资地区～2.2Ga紫苏碱长花岗岩的证据

麻粒岩-紫苏花岗岩杂岩在华北克拉通孔兹岩带内分布较广但研究程度较低,本文对孔兹岩带东部卓资地区大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩进行了详细的岩相学、地球化学和地质年代学研究,探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因及构造背景,为孔兹岩带构造演化及孔兹岩系沉积环境提供约束。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果表明大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩形成于古元古代中期(～2.2Ga),并经历了古元古代晚期构造热事件及～1.89Ga变质作用叠加改造。岩石具有铁质、钙碱性至碱钙性、准铝质至弱过铝质特征,具有较高SiO₂、Na₂O+K₂O、Ga、Zr含量及FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)值,低Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO、 Sr、Cr含量及较高的全岩锆石饱和温度(835～887℃,平均860℃),与A型花岗岩指标相近。样品呈现平坦的右倾型稀土元素配分模式和弱的负Eu异常,富集K、Rb、Ba、Zr、Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti。综合研究表明大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩是在弧后伸展背景下幔源岩浆上涌导致英云闪长质、花岗闪长质地壳岩石部分熔...     

孙吴地区中侏罗世白云母花岗岩的年代学与地球化学:对蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合时间的限定

本文对孙吴地区白云母花岗岩行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,确定其形成时代、岩石成因,从而揭示区域构造背景。孙吴地区白云母花岗岩中的锆石均呈半自形-自形,振荡生长环带明显,暗示其岩浆成因。测年结果显示,白云母花岗岩形成于168Ma,为中侏罗世岩浆事件的产物。岩体具有高硅(Si O2=74.61%~80.16%)、富铝(Al2O3=10.59%~13.90%)、贫铁(Fe2O3=0.11%~0.3%)等特征,在化学上属于准铝质-过铝质(A/CNK=0.97~1.13)系列。孙吴地区白云母花岗相对富集轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs)。锆石的εHf(168Ma)=+7.53~+11.66,二阶段的模式年龄(tDM2)变化于595~966Ma之间。上述特征表明,孙吴地区中侏罗世白云母花岗岩的岩浆起源于新增生加厚陆壳物质的部分熔融。结合在大兴安岭与小兴安岭衔接地区变质杂岩和冀北-辽西地区区域性地层不整合面的存在,表明大兴安岭西坡-冀北-辽西地区中侏罗世经历了一次与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合有关的陆壳加厚过程。因此,研究区内中侏罗世白云母花岗岩的形成应与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合过程中的陆-陆碰撞作用有关,而与古环太平洋向欧亚大陆的俯冲作用无关,其形成时代也限定额尔古纳地块西北部蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的闭合时间应为中侏罗世。     

羌塘角木日地区中二叠统龙格组泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

沉积岩物源分析对揭示盆地物质组成、储集岩性质及古环境恢复等研究具有重要指示意义。文中对藏北羌塘盆地角木日地区中二叠统龙格组的钙质泥岩样品进行了微量元素地球化学测试分析,系统地研究了微量元素含量、特征比值及稀土元素配分方式。结果表明研究区龙格组钙质泥岩样品具有中等轻稀土元素分异((La/Sm)N=2.50~5.41),重稀土元素比较平坦((Gd/Yb)N=1.32~2.47),具有微弱的Eu负异常;Sr/Ba,V/Cr,Ni/Co,Ceanom及δEu等相关参数综合显示,研究区中二叠纪时期整体表现为海相氧化环境;样品Rb/Sr比值及La/Th-Hf,La/Sc-Co/Th,Th/Sc-Zr/Sc关系图解综合说明龙格组钙质泥岩物源区风化作用较弱,源岩主要为安山岩;通过对沉积岩La/Sc-Ti/Zr,La-Th-Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10等构造环境判别图解分析,综合表明区钙质泥岩物源区的构造背景主要为大洋岛弧型。     

闽北地区中侏罗世火山岩的发现及其地质意义

中侏罗世火山岩在东南沿海分布极少,但对区域中生代构造-岩浆活动过程及大地构造演化的研究具有重要意义。在闽北地区大面积白垩纪火山岩区调查中,在政和铁山地区发现中侏罗世火山岩,用LA-ICP-MS同位素测试技术测得的锆石U-Pb年龄为173.63±0.80Ma。火山岩属钙碱性系列流纹质熔结凝灰岩,显示过铝质、富钾、富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素等地球化学特征,推断其形成于陆缘弧环境,与古太平洋板块早期俯冲作用有关。     

内蒙古北山额济纳旗小红山钒钛磁铁矿床SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

小红山钒钛磁铁矿床是近年内蒙古北山地区新发现的一个中型钒钛磁铁矿床,含矿辉长岩体侵位于蓟县系平头山组,岩体具全岩矿化,工业矿体主要赋存于中粗粒辉长岩中。采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法对小红山中粗粒辉长岩体进行了年代学研究,获得该岩体的锆石微区原位SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为424±6Ma,表明小红山钒钛磁铁矿成岩成矿事件发生于中志留世。该时期钒钛磁铁矿床的发现,揭示了北山地区早古生代处于陆缘裂谷环境,这对研究和认识北山地区地质构造演化及开展岩浆矿床找矿具有重要意义。