A mantle or mafic crustal source for Proterozoic anorthosites?

Calculations of fractional crystallization (FC) and assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC) at 11 kb for a variety of primitive magmatic compositions and a mafic assimilant demonstrate that none of them has a bulk composition suitable to be parental to massif anorthosites. Mafic compositions thought to be parental to massif anorthosites have Mg′ values of 0.6 to 0.4 and form coherent arrays with moderately steep slopes on plots of TiO₂, K₂O, and P₂O₅ versus Mg′. The calculated liquid lines of descent (LLD) of basaltic magmas undergoing FC or AFC processes pass through the arrays of anorthosite parent magma compositions with much shallower slopes than the natural arrays, which indicates that the arrays of natural parental magmas were produced by a process other than FC/AFC. Also, by the time most crystallizing basaltic magmas with or without assimilation reach plagioclase saturation, their residual liquids have Mg′ values that are too low to be parental to anorthosites. MORB-like olivine tholeiites and high-aluminum olivine tholeiites (HAOT) from convergent plate margins do reach plagioclase saturation while sufficiently magnesian, but their Wo (Wollastonite) contents are too high such that they reach plagioclase saturation coexisting only with augite and do not reach orthopyroxene saturation (if at all) until Mg′ is too low. Calculations show it is not possible to produce a high-Al melt from typical mantle peridotites that has sufficient TiO₂ to make andesine-type anorthosite.

Calculation of partial melting for an average mafic crustal composition at 11 kbar provides a much closer match to the array of natural parental compositions in terms of minor element concentrations and proportions of mineral components. However, accounting for the entire array requires a more magnesian source composition. Such compositions exist in several crustal xenolith localities. Similar results were obtained using the bulk composition of the Stillwater Complex, which is used as a model mafic source (here the premise is that overdense crustal intrusions might sink back into the mantle). As with the terrain composition, this particular layered intrusion composition is not sufficiently magnesian, however, the fit improves when mixtures of early and late stage portions of the complex (i.e., the denser portions) were run as potential source regions.     

Pliocene marine deposits at Punta Maldonado, Guerrero state, Mexico

Diverse and abundant Foraminifera and Ostracoda assemblages were recovered from a measured stratigraphic section at Punta Maldonado, Guerrero state, Mexico. The planktonic species indicate an early Pliocene age, between 5.3 and 3.6 Ma; an early late Pliocene (around 2.4 Ma) planktonic assemblage also was recorded from isolated deposits. These ages contradict the Cretaceous–Paleogene age previously assigned to the sedimentary succession at Punta Maldonado. All indicators—benthic assemblages, ichnofacies, lithology, grain size, primary structures, mineralogy, body rock geometry, and facies—suggest deposition in the foreshore and offshore transition zones of a storm-dominated shallow siliciclastic shelf. The Ostracoda and Foraminifera indicate deposition around the outer neritic/upper bathyal boundary, which suggests an uplift of 320–400 m in the area during the Pliocene. This study represents the first report of Pliocene marine rocks in the southwestern coast of Mexico; the data presented contribute to regional geotectonic models.     

西藏措勤盆地中侏罗世—早白垩世沉积充填特征

位于班公湖 怒江缝合带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间的措勤盆地,在中侏罗世—早白垩世期间具有以且坎古昌 阿索裂谷带为沉积、沉降中心向南北两侧展开的古地理格局:①中晚侏罗世时期,裂谷带内由深水浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和浅水碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩岩片及基性—超基性岩等组成;裂谷带两侧由滨浅海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成。该期盆地古地理演化具有先变深后变浅的沉积序列。②早白垩世早中期,裂谷带内仍由基性—超基性岩、深水复理石碎屑岩及放射虫硅质岩和浅水碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩组成;裂谷带两侧的日松革吉它日错分区主要由浅海相碎屑岩和灰岩组成;盆地南北部的措勤 申扎分区和木嘎岗日分区主要由滨岸 三角洲相碎屑岩及火山岩组成。各相带在纵向上均具有向上变深沉积序列。③早白垩世晚期,盆地以台地相碳酸盐岩沉积为主,裂谷带附近以发育台地边缘礁滩相沉积;裂谷带两侧的日松 革吉 它日错分区主要由开阔台地相灰岩组成;盆地南北部的措勤 申扎分区和木嘎岗日分区由局限台地相灰岩和陆源进积碎屑岩组成。     

贵州台江凯里生物群中遗迹化石（Gordia）与水母状化石（Pararotadiscus）的关系及其意义

贵州台江凯里生物群中的遗迹化石Gordia marina Emmons常被保存在水母状化石Pararotadiscus guizhouensis Zhao and Zhu盘体的上下，构成凯里生物群生态特色之一。笔者认为，G．marina可能系蠕形类造迹动物在层面或近层面觅食或吞食富含有机物的沉积物所形成。生活于清澈陆棚环境一定水域的P.guizhouensis，由于突发性快速沉积事件的发生，改变了海水的物化条件，而被“毒死”，并随沉积物安静地沉落于弱氧化-还原环境的海底。在较为缓慢的腐烂过程中，营食沉积物的G．marina造迹生物觅食于P.guizhouensis盘体上下富含有机物的沉积物中。随着沉积物的增厚，P．guizhouensis生物尸体周围的微环境还原性增强，腐烂过程很快被终止，P．guizhouensis生物软体得以保存，浅层或层面觅食性造迹生物亦随即离去，留下其生活活动的潜穴。同时通过研究，还认为G．molassicd(Heer)与G．marina为同义名，可能为G．marina造迹生物的幼体。     

The Tethyan plume: geochemical diversity of Middle Permian basalts from the Oman rifted margin

According to palinspastic reconstructions, the Neo-Tethys opening took place during the Permian between the Cimmerian fragments in the north and the Indo-Arabian margin in the south. Igneous remnants of this opening are exposed in Oman within either the Hawasina nappes or the para-autochtonous Arabian platform exposed in the Saih Hatat tectonic window. They consist predominantly of pillowed basaltic flows among which three groups have been distinguished. Group 1 is tholeiitic and characterized by low TiO₂ and incompatible trace element contents, and a large range of Nd_i values. Group 1 basalts are associated with distal sediments and plot near the boundary of or within the MORB field in the Pb–Pb correlation diagrams and between the MORB and Bulk Silica Earth (BSE) fields in Nd_i–(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i diagram. Group 2 basalts are alkaline and differ from Group 1 ones by their higher TiO₂, La and Nb contents, and lower and more homogeneous Nd_i values (+3 to +5). Group 2 volcanics are similar to alkali basalts from oceanic islands and share with Group 1 similar initial Pb ratios. Group 3 consists of tholeiitic and alkali basalts which are interbedded either with carbonate-platform sediments from the Saih Hatat window or with distal sediments from the Hawasina Nappes. This group differs from Groups 1 and 2 by its low to negative Nd_i (+1.6 to −2). Group 1 likely derived from the mixing of depleted and enriched sources while Group 2 derived exclusively from an enriched source. There is no indication that continental crust was involved in the genesis of both Groups 1 and 2. In contrast, the low to negative Nd_i values of Group 3 suggest that the magmas of this group were contaminated by the Arabian continental crust during their ascent. The geochemical features of the Middle Permian plume-related basalts suggest thus that the basement of the Hawasina basin was not genuine oceanic crust but either the thinned Arabian rifted continental margin or the continent–ocean transition zone of the Neo-Tethys.     

中小城市数字化建设技术体系的研究

本文讨论了数字城市的内涵,国内外数字城市研究进展.分析了数字城市建设中的问题,说明了综合决策支持系统在数字城市建设中的重要性.针对中小城市数字化建设,给出了中小城市数字城市系统的基本技术框架及实现的关键技术.     

Structure and evolution of Middle Permian palaeo- seamounts in Bayan Har and its adjacent area

1 Regional geology Bayan Har Middle Permian palaeo-seamounts are located in the area of Zaling Lake, near the source of Yellow River (Fig.1). The main strata outcropped in this area are Triassic sandstone and slate. Some Mid-dle Permian limestone blocks are towering above the Triassic sandstone and slate, which become one par-ticular topographical scenery in this area. These lime-stone blocks are distributed not only in Bayan Har but also in A’nyêmaqên and the southern slope of East …     

苏中地区地热资源开发利用前景

介绍了地热资源成因与分类以及江都目前地热资源的开发现状，对苏中地区地热的远景作了分析，并提出了相应的对策和建议。