A preliminary report on the Stanton Harcourt Channel Deposits (Oxfordshire,England): geological context,vertebrate remains and palaeolithic stone artefacts

A summary is given of the geological, faunal and archaeological information obtained during excavations in the Stanton Harcourt Channel Deposits from 1990 to 1995. The channel deposits underlie the ‘cold-climate’ Stanton Harcourt Gravel Member of the Summertown– Radley Terrace Formation. The Channel sediments are attributed to Oxygen Isotope Stage 7, when the Thames was undergoing down-dip migration and eroding the Weymouth Member of the Oxford Clay (Upper Jurassic), the contemporary Jurassic (Corallian) escarpment being near to Stanton Harcourt at that time. Abundant large vertebrate remains have been recovered, mainly from the base of the Channel deposits, where a cobble and boulder bed rests on thin silt or sand horizons or in scour hollows in the clay bedrock. Smaller bones occur throughout the deposits, which are mainly poorly sorted gravels, but especially at erosive horizons. Several palaeolithic artefacts have been found in the same contexts; many of the bones and some of the artefacts appear not to have been transported far. Although the artefacts cannot be linked directly with the bones, a study of them adds to our knowledge of the Middle Pleistocene human settlement of the Upper Thames Valley. It is of interest that mammoth is abundant as part of the interglacial faunal assemblage, and the significance of this is discussed. The environment clearly included substantial areas of open grassland, although there was also some forest in the vicinity. Evidence appears to be accumulating for important faunal and floral differences between particular interglacial events during the British Middle and Late Pleistocene.     

邙山黄土L5以来的常量元素地球化学特征及其对物源的指示意义

晋豫间的三门峡谷曾是黄河东流入海的最后一道屏障,地处黄河三门峡段下游的邙山黄土,中更新世晚期以来沉积厚度近100m,远大于洛川、白水等地典型黄土剖面的同期堆积。前人从沉积速率、粒度等方面进行研究,推测邙山黄土堆积可能源于三门峡段下游的冲积物,并以此作为三门峡贯通的证据。本文对L₅以来的邙山、三门峡及其上游等黄土以及S₂前后的邙山上游沿黄冲积物（邙山上游黄河现代砂及黄河两岸阶地冲积物）进行了常量元素测试,并与洛川、白水等典型黄土的地球化学特征进行了对比。结果表明,与洛川黄土相比,邙山黄土明显富SiO₂贫Al₂O₃,在Na₂O等活动元素含量差异显著;CIA值及A-CN-K图解也显示,邙山黄土的化学风化程度明显偏低,处于初等化学风化作用阶段;邙山黄土具有较高的SiO₂/Al₂O₃、SiO₂/TiO₂和TiO₂/Al₂O₃,反映其粒度较粗,石英含量较高;元素地球化学特征显示,邙山黄土与洛川等典型黄土的物源可能并不完全一致,而与沿黄冲积物存在较为显著的相关关系,暗示邙山黄土可能相当一部分来自近源冲积物;UCC标准化图解显示,沿黄冲积物在S₂前后多数元素含量迥异,而邙山黄土元素地球化学特征在S₂前后也出现了显著变化。上述现象表明,200ka左右可能是邙山黄土沉积、河流沉积的重大转型期。用三门峡贯通来解释可能比较合理,即大约200ka前后,溯源侵蚀导致三门峡贯通,巨量水砂下泄并堆积在邙山附近形成广阔的冲积平原,强劲的冬季风扬起冲积物并堆积于邙山,形成现今所见邙山黄土厚度、粒度、沉积速率以及元素地球化学特征突变的现象。

     

阜康断裂带中段三叠系克拉玛依组沉积微相及优质储层分布

处于勘探评价阶段的阜康断裂带中段三叠系克拉玛依组为中孔特低渗储层,沉积微相类型还不明确,优质储层的识别也存在难度,导致沉积微相对优质储层的控制亟待深入研究。综合利用岩心、岩屑、分析化验、地震、测井和试油试采资料,开展了岩心描述、沉积相类型识别及微相划分、单井、连井及平面互动的沉积微相分布演化特征和相控优质储层分布等工作。研究表明：1）据重矿物相对含量特征分布来看,稳定矿物类型的钛铁矿相对含量从南向西北逐渐减少,而极稳定矿物类型的白钛石和锆石相对含量则逐渐增多,表明研究区以南部物源为主。2）据岩心精细描述发现,克拉玛依组岩性可以分为5类,包括砂砾岩、含砾/中粗砂岩、含砾/粉细砂岩、泥质砂岩和泥岩,发育7种典型沉积构造。3）据岩心相、测井曲线响应和地震反射特征,研究目的层为辫状河三角洲沉积;工区主要发育三角洲前缘亚相,包括5种微相类型,建立了不同沉积微相的测井相模式;综合单井、连井和平面分析发现,5个砂组自下而上朵体范围与数量变化十分明显,自下而上朵体数量由少变多再变少,范围由小变大再变小的规律,其内部骨架砂体厚度和平面范围差异也较大。4）开展了沉积微相控制下孔、渗、饱参数分布研究,结合试油试采资料,综合确定了不同类别优质储层分布特征。

     

Microgeographies of Retailing and Gentrification

It has long been argued that gentrification is a process of consumption as well as production but, in the main, analyses of consumption and gentrification have only tangentially or anecdotally considered the retail spaces of gentrified neighbourhoods. In this paper we investigate the nature of the retail landscapes of gentrification, using empirical evidence from Sydney, Australia. We point to micro retailscapes that differ between gentrified neighbourhoods that suggest a divergence of consumption practices between different groups of gentrifiers. These consumption practices are considered both in terms of their relations to identity (through food and the conception of the body) and to the spaces of the city. The paper concludes by drawing out the implications for future research on the consumption practices of the new middle class and the working class in an international context .     

怀来盆地珠窝堡遗址ESR年代学初步研究

作为"大泥河湾"考古的重要组成部分,怀来盆地是研究和探讨中国北方乃至东北亚地区更新世期间古人类生存行为、人群迁徙扩散以及文化交流等科学问题的重要地区。珠窝堡遗址的发现,不仅为怀来盆地的史前史研究提供了重要依据,更为泥河湾考古工作增添了新的亮点和坐标。珠窝堡遗址试掘后尚未进行年代学方面的研究,作为怀来盆地最新发现和首次试掘的旧石器遗址,其年代的确定不但有助于厘清古人类在这一地区出现的时代,而且对于建立该地区古人类行为适应、技术发展以及古环境演化的整体年代框架具有重要意义。本研究利用石英Ti-Li心ESR法对珠窝堡遗址样品进行了年龄测定,珠窝堡遗址的ESR年龄为504±76 ka,是怀来盆地内目前发现的年代最早的文化遗存。     

黔北—渝南地区中二叠世早期梁山组的岩相古地理特征和铝土矿成矿效应

研究区位于扬子陆块上扬子区,中二叠世早期地层梁山组产有丰富的沉积矿产,其中铝土矿具有良好的勘探开发前景。为了揭示区内中二叠世早期铝土矿的形成、分布与岩相古地理的关系,对区内梁山组的沉积特征、展布规律和含矿性进行了研究,编制了中二叠世早期梁山组岩相古地理图,提出了区内铝土矿障壁后泻湖成矿的模式。结果表明,区内古地理格局具有北高南低、南海北陆的特点,鲁甸—威宁—贵阳—都匀一线为障壁沉积体系,北部为障壁后泻湖沉积体系,南部为正常浅海沉积体系,大致可划分为隆起、滨湖、浅湖、半深湖—深湖、障壁砂坝、内陆棚和外陆棚7个沉积亚相,铝土矿矿床全部分布于北部泻湖半深湖—深湖相区内,岩相古地理控矿作用明显。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.     

上扬子区中、上寒武统的层序地层划分和层序地层格架的建立

上扬子区特别是贵州及邻区的中、上寒武统发育完整,是一套从少量灰岩到大套白云岩所组成的地层序列;以娄山关群白云岩为代表的自北西而南东的进积作用穿时,代表了与二级海退作用相对应的碳酸盐台地进积作用的基本特征,从而形成一个复杂而有序的层序地层格架。在研究区域,特别是浅水台地背景之中,从厚度较小的含化石的陡坡寺组到厚度近千米的贫乏化石的娄山关群白云岩,给层序地层研究带来了许多困难;而在较深水背景之中的中、上寒武统,沉积相序列的有序性正好弥补浅水背景中的不足。中、上寒武统组成一个二级层序,其中可以进一步划分为七个三级层序,形成一个有序的海侵—海退旋回序列。伴随着上述时间变化的同时,从北西向南东,古地理背景由浅变深,中、上寒武统由大套白云岩地层相变为泥页岩夹灰岩地层。在不同古地理背景的典型剖面的层序划分的基础上,根据三级层序的两大属性———“空间上相序的有序性和时间上环境变化的同步性”,可以建立研究区域能反映出地层记录中“两种相变面和两种穿时性”的层序地层格架。研究区域的中、上寒武统层序地层格架的建立表明:虽然地层的沉积记录较为复杂,但是建立在以“沉积物的时间演化序列与沉积相的空间展布形式所代表的规律性”为基础的层序地层研究,可以从复杂的地层记录之中寻找出更多的规律性。      

Middle Permian Seamount from Xiahe Area, Gansu Province, Northwest China: Zircon U-Pb Age, Biostratigraphy and Tectonic Implications

The well-preserved seamount buildups are documented from the northwestern Qinling (秦岭) orogenic belts, Northwest China. The study sections are located in the Ganjia (甘加) area of the Xiahe (夏河) County, Gansu (甘肃) Province. The dark basalt and overlying massive reef carbonate characterize the Xiahe seamount buildup. Basalts are dominated by the olivine type of rocks and bear distinct porphyritic textures, and fumarole and amygdaloidal structures. The basaits are dominated by SiO2(up to 48.49 wt.%-52.29 wt.%) followed by (Na2O+ K2O) (3.80 wt.%-4.96 wt.%) and TiO2 (2.04 wt.%-2.52 wt.%). They are featured by considerably high content of Ti. The tholeilteseries rocks dominate the basalts, while calc-alkali-series rocks are also present. The REE of the basalts shows the LREE-enrichment type with distinct positive Eu abnormal. The trace elements of the basalts are characterized by the lack of P and high content of Ti. These geochemical signals suggest that the Xiahe basalts were formed in an ocean-island setting. The LA ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the basalts is 267.6±5 Ma, which is reinforced by the presnce of the fusuHnid Neoschwagerina Zone of the Wordian (Middle Permian) in the limestone interbeds of the basalts. Integration of petrological and geochemical studies of seamount basaits and lateral correlation of seamount buildups reveals that the Qinling-qilian-Kunlun orogenic belts were probably the archipelagtc oceans during the Permian.     

赣东北早中侏罗世地层研究新进展

上饶县清水乡林山组、罗坳组剖面出露完好、化石丰富、顶底齐全、地层连续,是赣东北新发现的一条下中侏罗统最佳剖面,有１３个化石层位,划分成７个岩性段。野外进行了接触关系、沉积特征、古气候特征资料搜集,室内进行了植物、双壳与叶肢介化石详细鉴定,确认１—５段含Ｐｔｉｌｏ－ｐｈｙｌｕｍ－Ｃｏｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ植物组合、Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃａｒｄｉｎｉａ－Ｔｕｔｕｅｌａ双壳组合的含煤地层为林山组,时代为早侏罗世中晚期,６—７段含自流井真叶肢介动物群的杂色砂页岩为罗坳组,时代为中侏罗世。