甘肃窑街植物群的地质时代及古地理区系研究

本文对甘肃窑街组古植物群及古地理进行研究,共发现植物化石31属63种,以银杏类(36.5%)和真蕨类(22.2%)繁盛,松柏类(17.5%)和苏铁类(15.9%)占一定比例,楔叶类(6%)、不明位置的果与穗(1.9%)为特征。在此基础上结合植物群组成分子指示的时代特征,以及与国内外同期其它植物群的对比,认为窑街组植物群的地质时代为中侏罗世早中期(Aalenian-Bajocian)。利用聚类分析法对甘肃窑街及其余11个研究较为细致的中国北方中侏罗世植物群进行对比,探讨甘肃窑街古地理归属,并对中国北方中侏罗世植物区进行初步划分。利用分支生物地理分析法研究甘肃窑街植物群的亲缘关系,结果表明窑街中侏罗世植物群与内蒙古高头窑植物群关系较为亲近;讨论了甘肃窑街新发现的屈囊蕨属在中国的地理分布特征,发现其分布与中国北方中侏罗世的初步区划结果吻合。     

黔西北及邻区安尼阶底界锆石U- Pb定年及对生物复苏的启示

我国西南地区广泛分布着中-下三叠统海相(包括盆地相、斜坡相及台地相)沉积地层和多层凝灰岩。通过采用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年方法,对黔西地区沙窝剖面和彝良柳溪剖面中/下三叠统界线上凝灰岩首次进行了锆石微区同位素定年,分别获得界线年龄为247.2±2.4Ma (2σ, MSWD=0.85)和247.4±1.4Ma (2σ,MSWD=0.51),界定了"黔中隆起"及北部坳陷区中/下三叠统界线时限,此年龄结果与国际地层年代表(2018版)建议的奥伦尼克阶/安尼阶(Olenekian-Anisian)界线年龄247.2Ma以及贵州关刀剖面Olenekian-Anisian界线附近凝灰岩锆石TIMS年龄247.2±0.1Ma高度吻合。凝灰岩岩石地球化学特征显示出富集K_2O、MgO,具明显负铕异常的特征,其物源可能来自古特提斯洋俯冲作用形成的大陆岩浆弧。幕式的火山活动可能是导致早-中三叠世生态环境间歇性恶化和生物迟滞复苏的重要原因,而深化对三叠纪幕式岩浆活动的认识,为我国西南地区三叠纪地层划分对比、构造演化以及探索三叠纪生物复苏-辐射与生态系统协同演化等提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部中生代中晚期地层碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与物源示踪

本文采用LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石原位微区测年方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区中侏罗统直罗组和下白垩统志丹群进行了砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布及其变化特征研究,统计和对比了前人对该区周缘岩体的同位素年代学结果,结合区域构造背景,系统地研究了盆地北部直罗组及志丹群地层物源及其演变。结果表明:(1)4个直罗组样品和2个志丹群样品锆石年龄总体呈现出270~280Ma、320~340Ma、1800~2000Ma、2300~2500Ma 4个峰值年龄段,在志丹群样品中出现有少量230~240Ma锆石年龄;(2)杭锦旗地区上述砂岩的物源主要来自阴山、大青山—乌拉山的片麻岩、麻粒岩、孔兹岩以及形成于海西期的中酸性侵入岩,同时也有狼山地区岩体、集宁地区孔兹岩的一部分贡献;(3)1800~2000Ma、2300~2500Ma峰值年龄均为华北克拉通基底构造热事件的反映,270~280Ma、320~340Ma两个峰值年龄可能记录了早石炭世—中二叠世古亚洲洋向华北板块北缘的两次快速俯冲事件;(4)下白垩统志丹群样品中出现的230~240Ma的锆石,指示晚侏罗世的燕山运动在盆地北缘引起的强烈逆冲推覆造山作用使得印支期侵入岩被抬升至地表并遭受剥蚀,从而为研究区地层进一步增加了来自蚀源区印支期侵入岩的物源;(5)与中侏罗统直罗组样品相比,下白垩统志丹群样品在2300~2500Ma峰值测点所占比例明显增加,这可能是由于早白垩世时期盆地北部沉积边界较中侏罗世相对扩展,使来自阴山的物源比例增加。     

Thalassinoides in the Middle Miocene succession at Siwa Oasis,northwestern Egypt

At Siwa Oasis, the carbonate-rich Middle Miocene Marmarica Formation includes several firmground discontinuity surfaces, characterized by extensive burrow systems. These surfaces are confined to the boundary between the Oasis and Siwa Escarpment members in addition to several intraformational marine firmground discontinuities at several horizons within these two members. The marine trace fossils from all these discontinuities are represented mainly by the ichnogenus Thalassinoides. In all occurrences, Thalassinoides are characterized by a sharp erosional lower contact and grades upward into fossiliferous argillaceous limestone facies. Three Thalassinoides ichnospecies have been reported, including: Th. horizontalis Myrow, 1995, Th. suevicus (Rieth, 1932) and Th. paradoxicus (Woodward, 1830). They are mostly recorded as hypichnial/endichnial forms at the sole of fossiliferous argillaceous limestone facies. Rare exichnial occurrences are also recorded. Thalassinoides ichnospecies displayed considerable variations in their stratigraphic distribution, in addition to remarkable variations in their complexity and dimension. These variations are mostly reflecting environmental conditions prevailed during the trace-maker life. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of these burrows confirmed a well-oxygenated shallow marine environment with extremely slow or nearly nil rate of sedimentation.     

Genesis of the Zhengguang gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field,Heilongjiang Province,NE China: Constraints from geology,geochronology and S-Pb isotopic compositions

The Zhengguang gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field, hosted in volcanic rocks of the Middle Ordovician Duobaoshan Formation, is one of the largest gold deposits in the Northeastern Great Xing’an Range of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The deposit comprises the No. I, II and III ore zones with a total resource exceeding 35 tonnes of Au, 100,000 tonnes of Zn and 100 tonnes of Ag. A genetic relationship between gold mineralization and concealed tonalite porphyry is inferred based on the characteristics of cryptoexplosive breccia and hydrothermal alteration indicative of porphyry-type and epithermal mineralization. Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals that the tonalite porphyry was emplaced at 462.1 ± 1.8 Ma (Middle Ordovician). The δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of sulfide minerals range from −3.0‰ to −1.7‰ with an average of −2.33‰, indicating that sulfur was mainly derived from a magmatic source. The Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ranging from 17.572 to 17.629, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.424 to 15.486, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.206 to 37.418) suggest a major mantle component for Pb and, by inference, for other ore metals. Therefore, we suggest that the ore-forming elements in the Zhengguang gold deposit may be related to the mantle-sourced tonalite porphyry. On the basis of the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study, we conclude that the Zhengguang gold deposit was formed in a porphyry to epithermal transitional environment associated with the concealed tonalite porphyry, as part of the Duobaoshan porphyry-epithermal ore system that is related to the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Ordovician.     

桌子山地区中奥陶统克里摩里组深水等深流沉积模式

等深流沉积是深水环境中牵引流沉积的重要类型之一。虽然研究程度相对较高,但主要以深海测量和大洋钻探为平 台对现代海洋中的等深流进行研究,特别是大洋钻探339航次的执行,将等深流沉积研究推向一个新的阶段（等深岩丘结 构剖析）,而对地层记录中的等深流沉积研究却非常薄弱,从而也制约了对等深流沉积的研究,特别是等深流沉积模式的建 立。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北部桌子山地区中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶克里摩里组广泛发育等深流沉积,此次在详细的野外观察基础 上,对内蒙古乌海市海南区石峡谷剖面进行沉积学研究,该剖面克里摩里组从下到上可分为三段：下段以薄－中层叠置石 灰岩为特征、中段以石灰岩－泥岩岩组与泥岩互层为特征,上段以条纹状泥岩为特征。三段沉积分别代表了深水环境下等 深流水道沉积、天然堤沉积和深水盆地平原区极弱等深流沉积,在垂向上组成了一个完整的等深流水下水道－天然堤沉积 体系。     

内蒙古扎赉特旗神山铁铜矿床成岩成矿年代学及其地质意义

内蒙古神山铁铜矿床是大兴安岭中段具有代表性的矽卡岩型铁铜矿床。笔者就该矿床成矿岩体的地球化学及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学开展相关研究。研究表明：矿区中与成矿有关的伊力特岩体岩石类型为英云闪长岩,属I型花岗岩类,铝过饱和,高钾钙碱性系列和磁铁矿系列;岩石富集轻稀土（LREE）、大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,铕异常不明显（δEu为0.97~1.17）,存在弱铈异常（δCe为0.86~0.92）;锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年显示,与成矿有关的伊力特岩体形成于晚侏罗世（（155.3±1.3）Ma）,因此推测神山铁铜矿床成矿时代为晚侏罗世。综合研究认为神山铁铜矿床形成于地壳加厚和构造活化的构造环境。     

Evolution of a Miocene carbonate shelf (northern Apennines,Italy) revealed through a quantitative compositional study

The evolution of the Miocene San Marino carbonate shelf (Torriana outcrop), developed on the accretionary prism of the northern Apennines, has been interpreted through a stratigraphic and compositional study. Modal analysis allowed to quantify the framework components and to identify four microfacies through which the main steps of the carbonate ecosystem were traced. The healthy phase of the carbonate shelf, dominated by bryozoans and echinoids, originated in a high-energy transgressive setting and evolved during a warm period characterized by a progressive increase of nutrients. The transitional stage is marked by a reduction of carbonate productivity and by terrigenous intermittent pulses associated with bioclast fragmentation. The drowning succession corresponds to deepening upward facies formed by fine-grained hybrid arenites to sandy marls with abundant planktonic foraminifera, glauconitic grains and clay matrix. The demise of the carbonate shelf might have resulted from a combination of regional and global factors that interplayed controlling the detrital input, the nutrient budget and the deepening of the basin. Synsedimentary tectonics triggered subsidence of the basin and enhanced terrigenous discharge. Moreover, the superposition of paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic events (Monterey and Middle Miocene Climate Optimum) could have contributed with the intense weathering and remarkable detrital and nutrients supply.     

Palynology and depositional environments of the Middle – Late Triassic (Anisian – Rhaetian) Kobbe,Snadd and Fruholmen formations,southern Barents Sea,Arctic Norway

The Middle to Upper Triassic series in the Norwegian Barents Sea represents an important target for hydrocarbon exploration. However, the dating and correlation of these rocks are problematic due to the scarcity of age-diagnostic macrofossils, lateral facies variation and the overall thickness of the succession. Palynology has proven to be a useful dating tool but further work is necessary to improve the zonal resolution, particularly for the Upper Triassic Series. The current paper presents a detailed palynostratigraphy of the Middle – Upper Triassic succession in four exploration wells (7120/12-2, 7228/2-1s, 7-1a and 9-1s) drilled in the Hammerfest and Nordkapp basins. Eleven informal palynological zones are described from the stratigraphic interval spanning the Kobbe, Snadd and Fruholmen formations, which constitute regionally significant hydrocarbon source and reservoir rock facies. The results of this study contribute to a higher resolution palynostratigraphy for the Middle to Upper Triassic strata of the southern Barents Sea (SBS), and an improved correlation with the stratigraphy of the Svalbard Archipelago. Palynofacies data for the succession, presented here for the first time, indicates depositional environments ranging from fluvio-deltaic to offshore marine.     

Geochemistry,reservoir characterization and hydrocarbon generation potential of lacustrine shales: A case of YQ-1 well in the Yuqia Coalfield,northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

Ever since a breakthrough of marine shales in China, lacustrine shales have been attracting by the policy makers and scientists. Organic-rich shales of the Middle Jurassic strata are widely distributed in the Yuqia Coalfield of northern Qaidam Basin. In this paper, a total of 42 shale samples with a burial depth ranging from 475.5 m to 658.5 m were collected from the Shimengou Formation in the YQ-1 shale gas borehole of the study area, including 16 samples from the Lower Member and 26 samples from the Upper Member. Geochemistry, reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of the lacustrine shales in YQ-1 well were preliminarily investigated using the experiments of vitrinite reflectance measurement, maceral identification, mineralogical composition, carbon stable isotope, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, methane isothermal adsorption and rock eval pyrolysis. The results show that the Shimengou shales have rich organic carbon (averaged 3.83%), which belong to a low thermal maturity stage with a mean vitrinite reflectance (R_o) of 0.49% and an average pyrolytic temperature of the generated maximum remaining hydrocarbon (T_max) of 432.8 °C. Relative to marine shales, the lacustrine shales show low brittleness index (averaged 34.9) but high clay contents (averaged 55.1%), high total porosities (averaged 13.71%) and great Langmuir volumes (averaged 4.73 cm⁻³ g). Unlike the marine and marine-transitional shales, the quartz contents and brittleness index (BI) values of the lacustrine shales first decrease then increase with the rising TOC contents. The kerogens from the Upper Member shales are dominant by the oil-prone types, whereas the kerogens from the Lower Member shales by the gas-prone types. The sedimentary environment of the shales influences the TOC contents, thus has a close connection with the hydrocarbon potential, mineralogical composition, kerogen types and pore structure. Additionally, in terms of the hydrocarbon generation potential, the Upper Member shales are regarded as very good and excellent rocks whereas the Lower Member shales mainly as poor and fair rocks. In overall, the shales in the top of the Upper Member can be explored for shale oil due to the higher free hydrocarbon amount (S₁), whereas the shales in the Lower Member and the Upper Member, with the depths greater than 1000 m, can be suggested to explore shale gas.