新疆及西邻中亚地区地质构造环境与成矿系列

新疆及中亚地区金属矿产丰富.该文研究了前寒武纪古陆、古裂谷、古生代活动大陆边缘、被动大陆边缘、裂陷槽,碰撞造山带及构造岩浆活化带,后碰撞伸展期的裂谷,晚古生代上叠盆地和中-新生代克拉通盆地等地质构造环境中的成矿建造及相关的Cu,Pb,Zn,Au,Mo,Sn,W,Sb,V,Ti,Fe,Mn,U等中亚的主要金属矿产.划分出20个与大地构造环境和一定成矿建造相关的成矿系列,阐述了各成矿系列的主要特征及代表性矿床.这对成矿顸测和找矿有现实意义.     

A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng,Yunnan, China

A new theropod dinosaur, Shidaisaurus jinae gen. et sp. nov., has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton. The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation (early Middle Jurassic) in Yunnan, China. It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan. Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase, axis, and pelvic girdle. The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China. Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described; a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.     

Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.     

长江中下游成矿带铜陵矿集区铜多金属矿床模型

通过对长江中下游成矿带的系统考察和对前人资料的阅读和研究,聚焦铜陵矿集区,初步提出了一个可以涵盖不同类型矿床的矿床模型.该模型表达为:在早白垩世高钾钙碱性花岗岩侵位过程中,通过岩浆的分馏演化,在岩体隆起部位及其内外接触带形成斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,由于广泛发育石炭纪至三叠纪碳酸盐岩.钙质和镁质矽卡岩型矿床是最主要的矿床类型.作为斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床系统的一部分,在斑岩-矽卡岩铜金钼矿床外围分布有矽卡岩铜金矿床、脉状金矿床以及脉状铅锌银矿床.长江中下游地区在三叠纪曾作为大别-苏鲁造山带的前陆盆地,在后碰撞时期出现了大量滑覆构造和扩容空间,它们在不整合界面处十分发育.因此,在成矿过程中不仅形成了像新桥那样的厚大矿体,而且在位于不整合界面附近的矽卡岩往往退化蚀变成为具有典型层纹状和曲卷状构造的退化蚀变岩和矿石,甚至沿一些层位交代形成了层控矽卡岩型或Manto型矿体.此外,还提出了运用该模型开展勘查评价的建议.     

东疆中天山红星山铅锌(银)矿床地质特征及区域成矿作用对比

红星山铅锌矿床位于东疆中天山地块的东段.矿体赋存于青白口系天湖群红星山组第三亚组地层内,并受断裂构造的控制,主要呈脉状、透镜状顺层产出,含矿岩石为大理岩和碳质糜棱岩.金属矿物组合为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、辉银矿,围岩蚀变主要有硅化、黄铁矿化、白云石化、碳酸盐化.矿石中硫化物的δ<'34>S值为8.76‰～12.65‰;矿石的铅同位素组成与地层岩石铅的相似,并具有较好的相关性,显示出同源关系.流体包裹体的th集中于220～250℃,成矿流体的w(NaCleq)为3.39%～11.81%.区域岩石地球化学特征表明,青白口系天湖群内的大理岩、片麻岩及各类花岗岩中Pb、Ag的丰度值较高,可能是该区铅锌矿的矿源层,矿石的铅和硫同位素特征也指示成矿物质可能来源于地层.此外,该矿区内华力西期中酸性岩浆活动也可能提供了部分成矿物质.通过与同一成矿带内的彩霞山铅锌矿床、玉西银(铅锌)矿床对比,总结了东疆中天山地块内铅锌(银)矿的成矿特征及成矿规律.笔者认为,区域内铅锌(银)成矿与前寒武纪基底变质岩关系密切,矿体产于特定的地层层位和岩性建造(大理岩、含碳碎屑岩)内,并受一定构造部位的控制,华力西期岩浆活动对成矿具有改造变富作用,矿床成因类型属沉积变质-热液改造型层控矿床.     

甘肃窑街植物群的地质时代及古地理区系研究

本文对甘肃窑街组古植物群及古地理进行研究,共发现植物化石31属63种,以银杏类(36.5%)和真蕨类(22.2%)繁盛,松柏类(17.5%)和苏铁类(15.9%)占一定比例,楔叶类(6%)、不明位置的果与穗(1.9%)为特征。在此基础上结合植物群组成分子指示的时代特征,以及与国内外同期其它植物群的对比,认为窑街组植物群的地质时代为中侏罗世早中期(Aalenian-Bajocian)。利用聚类分析法对甘肃窑街及其余11个研究较为细致的中国北方中侏罗世植物群进行对比,探讨甘肃窑街古地理归属,并对中国北方中侏罗世植物区进行初步划分。利用分支生物地理分析法研究甘肃窑街植物群的亲缘关系,结果表明窑街中侏罗世植物群与内蒙古高头窑植物群关系较为亲近;讨论了甘肃窑街新发现的屈囊蕨属在中国的地理分布特征,发现其分布与中国北方中侏罗世的初步区划结果吻合。     

黔西北及邻区安尼阶底界锆石U- Pb定年及对生物复苏的启示

我国西南地区广泛分布着中-下三叠统海相(包括盆地相、斜坡相及台地相)沉积地层和多层凝灰岩。通过采用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年方法,对黔西地区沙窝剖面和彝良柳溪剖面中/下三叠统界线上凝灰岩首次进行了锆石微区同位素定年,分别获得界线年龄为247.2±2.4Ma (2σ, MSWD=0.85)和247.4±1.4Ma (2σ,MSWD=0.51),界定了"黔中隆起"及北部坳陷区中/下三叠统界线时限,此年龄结果与国际地层年代表(2018版)建议的奥伦尼克阶/安尼阶(Olenekian-Anisian)界线年龄247.2Ma以及贵州关刀剖面Olenekian-Anisian界线附近凝灰岩锆石TIMS年龄247.2±0.1Ma高度吻合。凝灰岩岩石地球化学特征显示出富集K_2O、MgO,具明显负铕异常的特征,其物源可能来自古特提斯洋俯冲作用形成的大陆岩浆弧。幕式的火山活动可能是导致早-中三叠世生态环境间歇性恶化和生物迟滞复苏的重要原因,而深化对三叠纪幕式岩浆活动的认识,为我国西南地区三叠纪地层划分对比、构造演化以及探索三叠纪生物复苏-辐射与生态系统协同演化等提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部中生代中晚期地层碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与物源示踪

本文采用LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石原位微区测年方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区中侏罗统直罗组和下白垩统志丹群进行了砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布及其变化特征研究,统计和对比了前人对该区周缘岩体的同位素年代学结果,结合区域构造背景,系统地研究了盆地北部直罗组及志丹群地层物源及其演变。结果表明:(1)4个直罗组样品和2个志丹群样品锆石年龄总体呈现出270~280Ma、320~340Ma、1800~2000Ma、2300~2500Ma 4个峰值年龄段,在志丹群样品中出现有少量230~240Ma锆石年龄;(2)杭锦旗地区上述砂岩的物源主要来自阴山、大青山—乌拉山的片麻岩、麻粒岩、孔兹岩以及形成于海西期的中酸性侵入岩,同时也有狼山地区岩体、集宁地区孔兹岩的一部分贡献;(3)1800~2000Ma、2300~2500Ma峰值年龄均为华北克拉通基底构造热事件的反映,270~280Ma、320~340Ma两个峰值年龄可能记录了早石炭世—中二叠世古亚洲洋向华北板块北缘的两次快速俯冲事件;(4)下白垩统志丹群样品中出现的230~240Ma的锆石,指示晚侏罗世的燕山运动在盆地北缘引起的强烈逆冲推覆造山作用使得印支期侵入岩被抬升至地表并遭受剥蚀,从而为研究区地层进一步增加了来自蚀源区印支期侵入岩的物源;(5)与中侏罗统直罗组样品相比,下白垩统志丹群样品在2300~2500Ma峰值测点所占比例明显增加,这可能是由于早白垩世时期盆地北部沉积边界较中侏罗世相对扩展,使来自阴山的物源比例增加。     

Thalassinoides in the Middle Miocene succession at Siwa Oasis,northwestern Egypt

At Siwa Oasis, the carbonate-rich Middle Miocene Marmarica Formation includes several firmground discontinuity surfaces, characterized by extensive burrow systems. These surfaces are confined to the boundary between the Oasis and Siwa Escarpment members in addition to several intraformational marine firmground discontinuities at several horizons within these two members. The marine trace fossils from all these discontinuities are represented mainly by the ichnogenus Thalassinoides. In all occurrences, Thalassinoides are characterized by a sharp erosional lower contact and grades upward into fossiliferous argillaceous limestone facies. Three Thalassinoides ichnospecies have been reported, including: Th. horizontalis Myrow, 1995, Th. suevicus (Rieth, 1932) and Th. paradoxicus (Woodward, 1830). They are mostly recorded as hypichnial/endichnial forms at the sole of fossiliferous argillaceous limestone facies. Rare exichnial occurrences are also recorded. Thalassinoides ichnospecies displayed considerable variations in their stratigraphic distribution, in addition to remarkable variations in their complexity and dimension. These variations are mostly reflecting environmental conditions prevailed during the trace-maker life. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of these burrows confirmed a well-oxygenated shallow marine environment with extremely slow or nearly nil rate of sedimentation.     

Genesis of the Zhengguang gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field,Heilongjiang Province,NE China: Constraints from geology,geochronology and S-Pb isotopic compositions

The Zhengguang gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field, hosted in volcanic rocks of the Middle Ordovician Duobaoshan Formation, is one of the largest gold deposits in the Northeastern Great Xing’an Range of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The deposit comprises the No. I, II and III ore zones with a total resource exceeding 35 tonnes of Au, 100,000 tonnes of Zn and 100 tonnes of Ag. A genetic relationship between gold mineralization and concealed tonalite porphyry is inferred based on the characteristics of cryptoexplosive breccia and hydrothermal alteration indicative of porphyry-type and epithermal mineralization. Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals that the tonalite porphyry was emplaced at 462.1 ± 1.8 Ma (Middle Ordovician). The δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of sulfide minerals range from −3.0‰ to −1.7‰ with an average of −2.33‰, indicating that sulfur was mainly derived from a magmatic source. The Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ranging from 17.572 to 17.629, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.424 to 15.486, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.206 to 37.418) suggest a major mantle component for Pb and, by inference, for other ore metals. Therefore, we suggest that the ore-forming elements in the Zhengguang gold deposit may be related to the mantle-sourced tonalite porphyry. On the basis of the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study, we conclude that the Zhengguang gold deposit was formed in a porphyry to epithermal transitional environment associated with the concealed tonalite porphyry, as part of the Duobaoshan porphyry-epithermal ore system that is related to the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Ordovician.