四川后高坪地区晚泥盆世植物和遗迹化石的新发现

在扬子板块西缘后高坪地区新发现植物化石Cyclostigma kiltorkense(平圆印木)和Lepidodendropsis hirmeri(希氏拟鳞木),以及遗迹化石Zoophycos(动藻迹)和Chondrties(丛藻迹),据此及相关地层和沉积相标志,确定该地层时代为晚泥盆世,沉积环境为由早期为滨岸较粗碎屑岩和浅海中上部细碎屑岩沉积,晚期为碳酸盐台地相。     

柴达木盆地北缘柴页1井中侏罗统大煤沟组页岩储层测井评价

页岩储层测井评价是后期压裂改造工程的基础,通过分析柴页1井常规测井曲线特征,结合特殊测井和岩心样品分析化验数据,综合评价了中侏罗统大煤沟组页岩岩性、物性、地球化学、含气性、可压裂性等特征,获得了储层评价及工程改造参数。柴页1井中侏罗统大煤沟组至少发育128.1m厚的富有机质页岩,具有高伽马、高声波时差、高中子、高电阻、低密度的特点;测井计算有利的富有机质页岩的总有机碳含量介于3.20%~4.20%之间,总含气量介于1.50~4.50m3/t之间,有利页岩层段脆性矿物含量介于45%~75％之间,划分出3个有利层组,第Ⅰ层组和第Ⅱ层组具有杨氏模量高、泊松比低的特点,有利于后期射孔压裂。     

泰国北部中三叠世放射虫硅质岩及其地球化学和沉积环境意义

Bedded cherts collected from northern Thailand, including Chiang Dao, Lamphun and Den Chai contain Middle Triassic radiolarian faunas. The faunas from Chiang Dao can be divided into two assemblages. The first assemblage includes Eptingium and other co-occurring species such as Cryptostephanidium cornigerum Dumitric?, Plafkerium antiquum Sugi-yama, Pseudostylosphaera compacta (Nakaseko and Nishimura), P. longispinosa Kozur and Mostler, P. acrior (Bragin), P. japonica (Nakaseko and Nishi-mura), Parasepsagon sp. cf. P. variabilis (Nakaseko and Nishimura), Hozmadia sp. cf. H. gifuensis Sugi-yama, Triassospongosphaera multispinosa (Kozur and Mostler), Celluronta donax Sugiyama, Oertlispongus sp. cf. O. diacanthus Sugiyama, Paroertlispongus multispinosus Kozur and Mostler, etc. The second as-semblage consists of Triassocampe deweveri (Na-kaseko and Nishimura), Yeharaia annulata Nakaseko and Nishimura, Hindeostylosphaera spinulosa (Na-kaseko and Nishimura), Plafkerium contortum Dumitric?, Kozur and Mostler, Pseudostylosphaera goestlingensis (Kozur and Mostler), P. timorensis Sa-shida and Kamata and Paroertlispongus rarispinosus Kozur and Mostler. These assemblages indicate upper and uppermost Anisian, respectively.     

浙江外北山铝质A1型花岗岩成因：矿物学、年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素制约

外北山碱长花岗岩主要由条纹长石、更钠长石、石英和少量铁质黑云母组成,发育晶洞构造,晶洞由石英晶簇、钾长石充填。在岩石化学上,岩石富SiO2、K2O、FeO、F,贫Al_2O_3、MgO、CaO、P_2O_5;稀土元素组成上,富集REE(ΣREE变化范围为107.4×10~(-6)~330.71×10~(-6)),轻稀土分馏程度明显强于重稀土分馏,Eu负异常明显,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈现"W"型四分组效应;微量元素上,富Rb、Th、Cs、U、Nb,贫Sr、Ba、P、Eu和Ti,显示出典型的铝质A型花岗岩特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年表明,该岩体形成时代为96.2±0.8Ma。与东南沿海其它晚中生代A型花岗岩体相比,外北山碱长花岗岩具有明显偏高的Nb/Ta和较低的Y/Nb比值,属A1型花岗岩。综合分析表明,晚白垩世早期东南沿海岩石圈强烈伸展及多组断裂活化,引发铁镁质下地壳在高温低压贫水的条件下部分熔融产生花岗质岩浆,并在结晶分异过程中受到富F流体的交代作用,形成外北山富Nb的铝质A型花岗岩。     

Quaternary depositional patterns and sea-level fluctuations, northeastern North Carolina

A detailed record of late Quaternary sea-level oscillations is preserved within the upper 45 m of deposits along an eight km transect across Croatan Sound, a drowned tributary of the Roanoke/Albemarle drainage system, northeastern North Carolina. Drill-hole and seismic data reveal nine relatively complete sequences filling an antecedent valley comprised of discontinuous middle and early Pleistocene deposits. On interfluves, lithologically similar marine deposits of different sequences occur stacked in vertical succession and separated by ravinement surfaces. Within the paleo-drainage, marine deposits are separated by fluvial and/or estuarine sediments deposited during periods of lowered sea level. Foraminiferal and molluscan fossil assemblages indicate that marine facies were deposited in a shallow-marine embayment with open connection to shelf waters. Each sequence modifies or truncates portions of the preceding sequence or sequences. Sequence boundaries are the product of a combination of fluvial, estuarine, and marine erosional processes. Stratigraphic and age analyses constrain the ages of sequences to late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and younger (∼ 140 ka to present), indicating multiple sea-level oscillations during this interval. Elevations of highstand deposits associated with late MIS 5 and MIS 3 imply that sea level was either similar to present during those times, or that the region may have been influenced by glacio-isostatic uplift and subsidence.     

淮南煤田太原组铝质泥岩元素地球化学特征

华北聚煤盆地南缘淮南煤田晚石炭世-早二叠世太原组含煤岩系普遍沉积铝质泥岩,然而,对于多层铝质泥岩的形成条件及其地球化学特征尚未开展深入研究。在本次研究中,系统采集了淮南煤田张集煤矿补Y1钻孔岩心样品,采用XRF和ICP-OES、ICP-MS分别测试了主量元素和微量元素,对铝质泥岩地球化学特征及其地质成因进行分析。结果表明：不同层位的铝质泥岩来源于同一源区,铝土质泥岩可能受到了更强烈的红土化作用导致其明显偏离SiO₂/Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃趋势线;Sr/Ba的结果表明铝质泥岩是在不稳定的海陆交互沉积环境下形成的,V/Cr和V/（V+Ni）的结果表明铝质泥岩是在贫氧到厌氧的沉积环境中形成的;综合主量元素和微量元素的结果,表明了不同层位铝质泥岩的母岩可能是附近古陆的中酸性火成岩,母岩风化产物经迁移至淮南地区沉积成岩。     

Clay mineralogy as a tool for integrated sequence stratigraphic and palaeogeographic reconstructions: Late Oligocene–Early Aquitanian western internal South Iberian Margin,Spain

The different hydrodynamic behaviour of detrital clay minerals in the marine depositional environment allows assessment of relative sea‐level variations in the sedimentary record. Comparison of smectite and kaolinite:illite (S+K:I) changes with the global sea‐level curves and with the third‐order cycles of the eustatic curve for European basins allows assessment of the influence of global eustasy and local tectonics on sequence stratigraphy. In the South Iberian Margin, sedimentation took place both on open‐marine platforms and in deeper water areas. On this margin during the Late Oligocene to Early Aquitanian, the variations in sedimentation were caused not only by global eustasy but also by compressive tectonics. Correlations were made between the S+K:I cycles and the third‐order cycles for European basins, enabling the definition of four third‐order sedimentary sequences (here called C1, C2, C3, and A1) and two lower‐order sequences within C3 and A1 (here called C3a, C3b, A1a, and A1b) related to tectonic movements. High S+K:I values were observed during episodes of maximum flooding in each sequence and lower‐order sequence and in each succession, enabling changes in palaeocoastal morphology to be considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Late Pleistocene–Holocene environments in Valle Carbajal, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

The authors discuss Late Pleistocene–Holocene depositional environments in one of the Fuegian Andes valleys on the basis of palynological, geomorphological, and sedimentological analyses from two sites located near the Beagle Channel. The results obtained at these localities reinforce and refine the Late Pleistocene–Holocene climatic pattern previously recorded there. A colder period, associated with the Younger Dryas stadial event, is suggested by low Nothofagus pollen frequency, and communities of grass, low scrub, and shrub heath expanded into the low/middle slopes (10,310 ¹⁴C yr BP). By ca. 9500 ¹⁴C yr BP, warmer and drier conditions occurred, as evidenced by the development of open-grown vegetation in the valley floors (pollen zone O-3), followed by the expansion of open Nothofagus woodland (pollen zone O-2) in the middle Holocene. The milder climate subsequently changed, as indicated by the spreading of the closed forest and mire (pollen zone O-1), to more humid and cooler conditions during the last ca. 5000 yr BP.     

Diagenesis, palaeoclimate and tectono-sedimentary influences on clay mineralogy and stable isotopes from Upper Cretaceous marine successions of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (N Spain)

Clay mineralogy and whole-rock stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) of Upper Cretaceous marly sediments on the Basque-Cantabrian Basin have been integrated to determine the main effects of diagenesis, palaeoclimate and tectono-sedimentary factors in sections belonging to deep- (Barrika) and platform-marine (Isla de Castro, Villamartín and Olazagutía) settings.The mean values for the clay assemblages and δ¹⁸O exhibit notable differences among the sections, partially explainable by the influence of diagenesis. The Barrika sediments, with more diagenetically advanced illite-smectite (I-S) mixed-layer (R1, 70% illite), authigenic chlorite, and low δ¹⁸O (−4.05‰ PDB), experienced higher diagenetic grade than Isla de Castro and Olazagutía, which have R0 I-S (20% illite) and heavier δ¹⁸O. Villamartín was also affected by higher diagenesis than Isla de Castro and Olazagutía, given the occurrence of R1 I-S (60% illite) and low δ¹⁸O (−4.11‰ PDB). However, the absence of other clays in Villamartín (e.g. authigenic chlorite) is indicative of less diagenetic grade than Barrika. These results show the useful integration of clay mineralogy and stable isotopes to detect different diagenetic grades in distinct marine successions of the same basin.Despite being influenced by diagenesis, the clay mineralogy partially preserves its inherited signature. This allows detection of major contents of I-S and mica, and minor kaolinite, interpreted as indicative of warm palaeoclimatic conditions. High kaolinite content in Villamartín and absence of kaolinite in Isla de Castro, though, are considered to be a product of neither diagenesis nor palaeoclimatic influences. Instead, tectono-sedimentary causes, related to unsuitable conditions for clay formation and transport from the local source areas, contributed to original clay differences. The inferred effects of diagenesis, palaeoclimate and tectono-sedimentary factors make this work important to show the potentially great variety of controls on the clay mineralogy of marine sections, which are often uncritically treated in studies concerning the Late Cretaceous.     

滇西弥渡盆地中晚更新世断陷特征及环境演化

为了解滇西弥渡盆地中晚更新世以来的断陷特征及环境演化,开展了弥渡盆地各级阶地沉积物的热释光测年、沉积相和孢粉的研究工作。通过野外调查发现弥渡盆地西侧至少发育5级阶地,对应于5次间歇断陷阶段,重点调查弥渡盆地西侧的奇家营Ⅰ级阶地、龙华寺Ⅲ级阶地、平安庄Ⅳ级阶地、大树坪Ⅴ级阶地。Ⅰ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级阶地热释光测年值分别为 200.48±22.05ka,239.06±26.30ka,320.85±35.29ka和 332.07±36.59ka。年代学分析结果表明: 滇西弥渡盆地的地貌格局形成约33万年来的间歇式断陷运动,而且表现出早期断陷速率快,晚期断陷速率减缓的趋势。从沉积特征分析: 早期沉积特征中出现半深湖沉积物,说明湖盆断陷速率相对较快,反映出该段时期程海断裂带南段的活动性相对较强; 晚期主要以湖泊近岸、浅湖为主,说明湖盆断陷速率相对较慢,反映出该段时期程海断裂带南段的活动性相对较弱。通过阶地堆积物沉积相和孢粉分析研究显示,更新世中晚期弥渡盆地沉积环境主要为山间盆地河湖环境,气候由凉爽湿润→温暖湿润→凉爽湿润转变的特点。弥渡盆地西缘、北缘发育较多洪积扇,洪积扇以线性排列,东缘洪积扇较少,多为单个扇体,说明盆地西、北侧断陷速率相对较快。盆地西侧的洪积扇,由北向南规模逐渐变小,堆积物由粗变细,扇面坡度由大变小,说明北段断陷运动较强。这一现象说明盆地近代具有向北掀斜的趋势。