被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型--以早泥盆世-中泥盆世早期右江盆地为例

早泥盆世-中泥盆世早期的右江盆地处于被动陆缘裂陷盆地阶段.本文通过对这一时期右江盆地的沉积层序、构造演化、古气候以及全球海平面等因素的综合分析,建立了右江被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型.该模型充分体现了构造控盆、盆控相,不同相带的时空配置形成层序的不同样式的基本思想,强调了构造沉降和全球海平面升降共同作用下的相对海平面变化所引起的可容纳空间的变化与沉积物供应比值的关系对层序样式的决定作用.通过代表台缘相的横县六景剖面的验证,该模型清楚地反映了全球海平面变化对超层序的主要控制作用,区域构造沉降的叠加效应使相对海平面曲线的R拐点要早于全球海平面曲线的R拐点,而F拐点要晚于全球海平面曲线的F拐点.古气候因素体现在层序充填物(气候敏感沉积物的种类、生物种属的差别)的差异性上.本文所建立层序充填动力学模型的思路和方法对于其他地区、其他类型盆地类似的研究具有借鉴意义,由此建立的被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型对于了解右江盆地的构造动力学与特提斯构造域的关系、促进盆地动力学理论的发展和该区的资源勘探具有重要的理论意义.     

Late quaternary tephra layers along the Cilento coastline (southern Italy)

The results of stratigraphic and tephrostratigraphic analyses of several pyroclastic levels, collected along the coastal sector of the Cilento region (southern Italy), are presented. Some of these levels are here described for the fist time, others, already known in literature, were reconsidered in order to better understand their stratigraphic position and to point out the possible volcanic sources.     

江南古陆中元古代地层的划分与对比

江南古陆是扬子板块与华夏板块长期活动拼贴而成,构造极为复杂,地层的划分与对比也是众说纷纭。通过对江南古陆的变质岩的研究,认为江南古陆大地构造可划分三个Ⅰ级构造地层区：扬子地层区、江南古陆地层区及华夏地层区。江南古陆地层区又可进一步划分Ⅱ级构造地层区5个（宜丰-景德镇-歙县构造地层分区、万年构造地层分区、赣东北构造地层分区、怀玉构造地层分区及丰城-鹰潭-龙游构造地层分区）;各构造地层分区之间以构造（蛇绿）混杂岩亚带或韧性剪切带相拼接。双桥山群及周潭岩群仅分别分布在扬子地层区修水-祁门分区及华夏地层区北武夷地层分区内,而且是一套史密斯地层。而江南古陆内则发育非史密斯地层。     

渤海中部水域表层沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌的丰度分布

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的丰度是金属在海水和海洋沉积物中腐蚀速度的一个重要指标。2006年12月10-13日对渤中海域表层沉积物中SRB的丰度分布进行了调查。检测结果表明,各站表层沉积物SRB的丰度按大小排序为BZ28-2S-CEP-BH2站>BZ28-2S-SPM站>BZ28-2S-CEP-BH1站,SRB的平均丰度为1.02×102个.g-1(湿样)。     

莱州湾E孔中更新世末期以来的地球化学特征

对1994年在莱州湾沿岸所取的E孔(37°07'N,118°55'E,孔深为821m)岩心进行了地球化学研究.用等离子光谱法测量了9个常量元素、15个微量元素和碳酸钙的含量.结果表明,(1)E孔大部分常量元素、微量元素含量、尤其元素特征比值(Mn/Fe,Sr/Ba,Sr/Ca,Ti/Al)在地层分界处都有明显变化,可作为该区第四纪地层划分的重要指标;(2)常量元素含量变化主要受宿主矿物控制,主要反映物质来源,同时也反映沉积作用和沉积环境,Fe,Al,Ca,Mg,Mn,Ti对物源和环境反映较为敏感;(3)微量元素在中更新世末期、最后间冰期、最后冰期和全新世四个不同沉积时期分布特征不同,尤其在气候“冷期”和“暖期”有不同分布规律;大多数微量元素含量变化旋回曲线之“波谷”对应着沙层沉积,有6个沙层代表“暖期”沉积,1个沙层代表“冷期”沉积;(4)E孔在冰期低海面时期风成粉砂沉积中碳酸钙含量偏高,间冰期时海侵沙层中碳酸钙的含量偏低,碳酸钙含量变化与粒度和沉积物类型有关,对气候、环境和地层划分有良好的指示.     

贵州早,中三叠世台地—盆地相过渡区层序地层及沉积地球化学特征

在详细的露头层序地层学研究的基础上,建立了贵州早、中三叠世台地和盆地过渡区２个三级层序７个四级层序和层序地层格架。并分析了该地区早、中三叠世地层微量元素分布的规律,探讨了三叠纪层序地层与微量元素之间的关系。     

Analysis of Seismic Activity in the Middle Part of the North-South Seismic Belt—Joint Study on Deep Seismic Sounding Profile and Seismicity Parameters

Using the rich deep seismic sounding data recorded in the middle part of the North-South Seismic Belt in China, the horizontal and vertical profiles are constructed to obtain the seismic velocity structure, analyze the seismic distribution and calculate the seismic energy and the thickness of the seismogenic layer at the same time. On this basis, the seismicity parameters are calculated using the earthquake catalogue of the study area for the past 40 years, and the relationship between the b-value distribution and the velocity structure is analyzed. The results show an uneven b-value distribution in the study area and a segmented feature along the Longmenshan fault zone. Most of the earthquakes occur in the transition zone anomalies from the positive to the negative. In addition, the thickness of the crust drops from ~60 km to ~48 km from the Southeastern to the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, but the thickness of the seismogenic layer increases gradually. It is speculated that the crustal composition of the Northeastern margin contains more felsic materials and has relatively stronger seismic activities than the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, possibly associated with the subduction and compression of the Indian Ocean Plate.     

Using tephrostratigraphy and cryptotephrostratigraphy to re-evaluate and improve the Middle Pleistocene age model for marine sequences in northeast Japan (Chikyu C9001C)

We refine the tephrostratigraphy and cryptotephrostratigraphy of the Middle Pleistocene deep-sea sediments in the C9001C cores and reconstruct the age model of the cores to provide a standard stratigraphy for the NW Pacific Ocean area. In the lower half of the cores (corresponding to marine isotopic stages [MISs] 9–18), we newly identify nine concentrations (spikes) of glass shards (numbered G17–G25 from top to bottom) below sixteen previously reported spikes (numbered G1–G16) in the upper half of the cores (MISs 1–9). We correlated two spikes (both cryptotephras) with known widespread tephras: G18 with Naruohama-IV (MIS 10d; 357 ka) and G19 with Kasamori 5 (MIS 12b–c; 434–458 ka). Although the two cryptotephra spikes cannot be distinguished by the major- and trace-element compositions of glass shards, these correlations are based upon their stratigraphic occurrence within separate glacial periods (MISs 10 and 12) as indicated by the δ¹⁸O stratigraphy of the C9001C sequence. Based on the stratigraphic positions of the Naruohama-IV and Kasamori 5 tephras, we assign the sediment units corresponding to MISs 10, 11, and 12, and revise the previous assignment of core segments corresponding to MISs 7, 8, and 9. The resulting tephra-based age model is consistent with the last occurrence of Proboscia curvirostris, but it is inconsistent with the first occurrence of Emiliania huxleyi. According to the new age model, the sedimentation rate during MISs 18–2 has ranged from 0.21 m/ky (during MIS 17) to 0.74 m/ky (during MISs 8 and 9), however, the sedimentation rate was never as high as the rate of 1.1 m/ky indicated by an earlier age model.     

Downstream geomorphic impact of the Three Gorges Dam: With special reference to the channel bars in the Middle Yangtze River

The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has altered downstream flow–sediment regimes and led to significant changes in the morphodynamic processes in the Middle Yangtze River (MYR). However, due to the complexity of this large river, the driving forces and implication of the morphodynamic processes remain insufficiently understood. This study selected two typical meandering and bar-braided reaches, the Zhicheng (ZC) and Shashi (SS) reach, to examine their responses to the TGD operation. The results showed that in the post-dam period significant channel erosion occurred with a higher erosion rate in the ZC reach (closer to the TGD) compared with the SS reach. The area of the Guanzhou mid-channel bar (ZC reach) and the Sanba mid-channel bar (SS reach) shrank by 30 and 90% from 2003 to 2015, respectively. The increased fluvial erosion intensity due to the reduction in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) drove the shrinkage of the mid-channel bars, as demonstrated by empirical relationships between bar geometry and fluvial erosion intensity. An increase of 22 days per year in the frequency of post-dam medium-to-high discharges (10 000–25 000 m³ s⁻¹), and associated with the reduction in SSC, jointly led to the greater erosion at the convex (inner) banks than the concave (outer) banks, which has negatively affected the designed navigation channels at the concave banks by decreasing their discharge partitioning ratios. The post-dam water level at a given high discharge (>25 000 m³ s⁻¹) showed no evident change, but the water level at a given low discharge (<10 000 m³ s⁻¹) decreased. The reduction in water levels at low flows can affect water supply and riverine ecosystems in the MYR. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

伊犁地块北缘别珍套山中泥盆统汗吉尕组物源特征及其地质意义

天山造山带位于中亚造山带西南缘,是探索中亚造山带增生造山过程的重要窗口.西北天山是伊犁地块与准噶尔地块的结合部位,保存了两者之间构造演化的重要地质信息.出露于伊犁地块北缘别珍套山的泥盆系是记录西北天山晚古生代早期构造演化过程的重要载体.基于此,对中泥盆统汗吉尕组砂岩进行岩相学和LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与微...