长江中游地区洪泛沉积物与正常河流沉积物磁组构特征对比研究

在地层剖面中,洪泛沉积物与正常的河道沉积物的沉积学特征非常相似,仅靠沉积学特征很难将两者区分. 为了识别古洪灾事件,因而从环境磁学角度建立两种沉积物的识别标志是非常必要和有意义的. 本文通过对1998年长江黣洲湾溃口扇及其附近的长江现代河漫滩沉积物进行磁组构参数测量和对比分析,并结合长江下游河漫滩沉积物的磁组构参数特征,揭示出长江中游正常河流沉积物与河流溃口沉积物的磁组构参数特征具有明显的不同,并且它们与沉积时的沉积环境有着密切的关系. 因此,对长江中游地区沉积物磁组构参数的测试及磁化率各向异性量值椭球体形态的研究,是目前分辨洪泛沉积物和正常的河道沉积物的一个较有效的方法.     

Mesospheric vertical thermal structure and winds on Venus from HHSMT CO spectral-line observations

We report vertical thermal structure and wind velocities in the Venusian mesosphere retrieved from carbon monoxide (¹²CO J=2-1 and ¹³CO J=2-1) spectral line observations obtained with the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (HHSMT). We observed the mesosphere of Venus from two days after the second Messenger flyby of Venus (on 5 June 2007 at 23:10 UTC) during five days. Day-to-day and day-to-night temperature variations and short-term fluctuations of the mesospheric zonal flow were evident in our data. The extensive layer of warm air detected recently by SPICAV at 90-100 km altitude is also detected in the temperature profiles reported here.These data were part of a coordinated ground-based Venus observational campaign in support of the ESA Venus Express mission. Furthermore, this study attempts to cross-calibrate space- and ground-based observations, to constrain radiative transfer and retrieval algorithms for planetary atmospheres, and to contribute to a more thorough understanding of the global patterns of circulation of the Venusian atmosphere.     

Speleothem-based chronology and environmental context of deposits from the Mishin Kamik Cave,NW Bulgaria – A contribution to the archaeological study of the Late Pleistocene human occupation in the Balkans

The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the most important human pathways into and out of Europe during the Pleistocene. Mishin Kamik cave, located in the karst region of Western Stara Planina, has a rich faunal content and shows promising features indicating a human occupation site with the discovery of potential bone artefacts and an intriguing accumulation of bear skulls and bones. Petrographic study and U-series dating of a stalagmite and other calcite deposits in the cave provide an absolute chronological frame for the detrital infillings and their archaeological content and inform the environmental and climatic context of the cave evolution. Most detrital deposits in the cave were probably deposited before Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 and the cave morphology and sedimentary deposits display current morphologies since ~135 ka. Consequently, the palaeontological and archaeological findings are older than ~135 ka. Calcite dated on and under the accumulation of bear skulls and bones suggests deposition during MIS 7. A first depositional contextualization of the bone accumulation does not allow us to discriminate between a natural or anthropogenic origin. The study emphasizes the added value of speleothem studies in archaeological sites and particularly in bringing a well-constrained chronological and environmental framework.     

Mammal remains at Rantis Cave,Israel, and Middle–Late Pleistocene human subsistence and ecology in the Southern Levant

Rantis Cave is a recently discovered filled cave in central Israel, displaying a rich faunal accumulation of micromammals, ungulates and carnivores. U–Th dating assigns the beginning of accumulation to ca. 140 ka. The accumulation is culturally assigned to the late half of the Middle Paleolithic (MP) period. Single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence measurements attest to a complex sedimentological history. We present the cross‐disciplinary results of taphonomic and geomorphological analyses, which point to the cave serving as a natural pitfall trap for the large fauna, with little human or carnivore activity. The fauna is dominated by Dama among the ungulates and by Microtus among the micromammals. These data in conjunction with ungulate tooth mesowear analysis suggest a xeric Mediterranean environment on the eastern margin of the southern Levantine foothills. The relative taxonomic abundance of ungulate taxa shows some differences from anthropogenic MP sites, possibly reflecting the prey choice patterns of MP hunters. Overall, the natural accumulation scenario for Rantis Cave provides a rare paleoenvironmental and paleoeconomic reference to the rich anthropogenic MP faunas of the Southern Levant, enabling the reconstruction of a rich and diverse environmental setting for this important human dispersal route. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Campanian Ignimbrite (Y5) tephra at Crvena Stijena Rockshelter, Montenegro

Clearly defined distal tephras are rare in rockshelter sediment records. Crvena Stijena, a Palaeolithic site in Montenegro, contains one of the longest (> 20 m) rockshelter sediment records in Europe with deposits ranging in age from Middle Pleistocene to mid-Holocene. A distinctive tephra is clearly exposed within the well stratified record approximately 6.5 m below the present land surface. We present geochemical data to confirm that this tephra is a distal equivalent of the Campanian Ignimbrite deposits and a product of the largest Late Pleistocene eruption in Europe. Originating in the Campanian volcanic province of southwest Italy, this tephra has been independently dated to 39.3 ka. It is a highly significant chronostratigraphic marker for southern Europe. Macrostratigraphic and microstratigraphic observations, allied with detailed particle size data, show that the tephra layer is in a primary depositional context and was transported into the rockshelter by aeolian processes. This site is unique because the tephra forms an abrupt boundary between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic records. Before they can be used as chronostratigraphic markers in rockshelter and cave-mouth environments, it is essential to establish the stratigraphic integrity of distal tephras and the mechanisms and pathways involved in their transport and deposition.     

长江中下游成矿带铜多金属矿床中灰泥丘的发现及其意义——以武山和冬瓜山铜矿为例

通过对长江中下游成矿带中武山铜矿和冬瓜山铜矿层状矿体的详细研究,发现了大量具有层圈状构造、层纹状构造或不规则同心环状构造的矿石。在前人研究基础上,经光薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察和碳氧同位素分析等,认为这类矿石在宏观构造上显示出类似于灰泥丘的孔洞系统,微观上又发现了细菌等微生物结构,判断其属于一种矿化的灰泥丘。资料显示,灰泥丘和热水喷流沉积成矿作用关系密切,灰泥丘可视为热水喷流沉积成矿的证据之一。本文所研究的两个矿床中灰泥丘构造矿石保存状况略有不同,冬瓜山铜矿灰泥丘构造矿石保留了大量显示原生热水喷流沉积成因的组构、并发现细菌等微生物结构,碳氧同位素组成也显示原始沉积特征;而武山铜矿灰泥丘构造矿石则显示出强烈受热液改造的矿石组构和碳氧同位素组成特征,暂未发现细菌等微生物结构。冬瓜山和武山铜矿灰泥丘构造矿石的发现,有力地佐证了长江中下游成矿带在海西期曾发生过热水喷流沉积成矿作用。     

中扬子晚二叠世沉积特征及古地理演化

通过剖面实测、岩相及沉积相分析,中扬子区晚二叠世主要发育碳酸盐岩开阔台地沉积、陆棚沉积及盆地沉积,吴家坪期以浅海相沉积为主,深水盆地范围较小,长兴期发育台地相及盆地相,深水盆地范围变大,研究区晚二叠世的沉积主要受南秦岭海活动控制和盆地演化影响,沉积分异在晚二叠世较发育.古地理演化表明,吴家坪期中扬子北缘为深水盆地沉积,...     

五台地区滹沱群时代与地层划分新认识:地质学与锆石年代学证据

本文从五台地区滹沱群豆村亚群四集庄组、东冶亚群纹山组和郭家寨亚群西河里组地层中共采集了5件浅变质砂岩样品,并对其进行了La-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄测定。分析结果显示,四集庄组2件砂岩样品碎屑锆石²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb年龄主要集中于~2.5Ga和2.1~2.2Ga两个峰值,其中~2.5Ga碎屑锆石来自新太古代五台群和五台地区花岗质杂岩;2.1~2.2Ga碎屑锆石获得²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb加权平均年龄2134±5Ma,限定了四集庄组砂岩沉积下限为2134Ma。结合四集庄组火山岩形成时代(2140±10Ma)和四集庄组底部发育厚层砾岩,我们认为滹沱群初始形成时代为~2.2Ga,即早元古代中期。东冶亚群纹山组底部砂岩中碎屑锆石²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb年龄主要集中于2050~2122Ma之间,其中64粒相对年轻的锆石获得²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb加权平均年龄2068±3Ma,代表了东冶亚群形成时代下限为2070Ma左右。综合豆村亚群青石村组火山岩形成时代2087±9Ma,我们认为东冶亚群初始形成于2070Ma左右。郭家寨亚群中最年轻碎屑锆石²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb年龄为1958±10Ma,表明郭家寨亚群开始沉积时代小于1.95Ga,为早元古代晚期/末期。区域上,早元古代末期是华北最终克拉通阶段,而郭家寨亚群与东冶亚群呈明显的角度不整合接触关系,两者记录了明显不同的地质过程。因此,我们建议郭家寨亚群应从滹沱群中解体出来并独立命名为郭家寨群,且郭家寨群可能沉积于华北克拉通化过程中/之后,开始沉积的时代为1.9~1.8Ga。     

阿尔金-西昆仑加里东中晚期构造作用在塔里木盆地塘古兹巴斯凹陷中的响应

对塔里木盆地塘古兹巴斯凹陷志留系与奥陶系(S/O3)、上泥盆统与志留系(D3d/S)2个区域角度不整合的三层结构特征及属性进行详细研究,分析了不整合面下构造变形特征、不整合面结构类型分布、不整合面上初始沉积砾岩成分及其物源.发现加里东中期该区形成了塔里木盆地独特的不整合结构,构造不整合(S/O3)明显地受北东东-南西西走向逆冲断裂系控制,在凹陷北部逆冲断裂系上盘发育中等角度单斜不整合和褶皱不整合,沿断裂带形成了多个角度不整合带;加里东晚期不整合(D3 d/S)区域上呈现由南向北的剥蚀特征,局部受继承性再活动的断裂控制存在北东东向的中角度单斜不整合带,且构成了加里东中期及晚期的叠合不整合.两期不整合面上的初始沉积砂砾岩有明显差异,加里东中期不整合面上初始沉积以近源的沉积岩为主、物源来自被动大陆边缘;晚期不整合面上的初始沉积砾岩主要为硅质岩和变质岩,物源主要来自较远的被动大陆边缘及大陆岛弧.综合分析表明,晚奥陶世末塘古兹巴斯凹陷主要受到阿尔金、西昆仑的构造作用;中志留世-晚泥盆世主要受到西昆仑及阿尔金碰撞造山活动共同作用.在加里东构造运动中晚期,凹陷中控制不整合发育的NEE向逆冲断裂系与南阿尔金断裂在活动时限、强度、区域应力场上具有可比性.加里东中、晚期不整合的三层结构及其属性是反映阿尔金-西昆仑早古生代构造运动发生、发展、终结动态演化过程的良好证据.     

Morphometry of micrite particles in cretaceous microporous limestones of the Middle East: Influence on reservoir properties

Microporosity may account for a significant part of the total porosity of Cretaceous limestone reservoirs of the Middle East. In these microporous facies porosity is moderate to excellent (up to 35%) while permeability is poor to moderate (up to 190 mD). Micritic limestones also may form dense layers with very low porosity and permeability values.Micritic samples were collected from three fields of the Habshan and Mishrif Formations, to examine the spatial relationship with their porosity, permeability and pore throat radius distributions. Two key parameters of the micritic particles are studied using scanning electron microscopy: their morphology (shape and inter-crystal contacts), and their crystallometry.Results reveal that micrite matrixes can be subdivided into three petrophysical classes. Class C (strictly microporous limestones with coarse punctic-to-partially coalescent micrites) is made up of coarse (>2 μm) polyhedral to rounded micritic crystals, it has good to excellent porosity (8-28%), poor to moderate permeability (0.2-190 mD) and a mean pore threshold radius of more than 0.5 μm. The class C is usually observed in rudist shoal facies where relatively high hydrodynamic energy disfavoured deposition of the finer micritic crystals. It also developed within meteoric leaching intervals below exposure surfaces. Class F (strictly microporous limestones with fine punctic-to-partially coalescent micrites) is composed of fine (<2 μm) polyhedral to rounded micrites with poor to excellent porosity (3-35%), but permeability values of less than 10 mD and a mean pore threshold radius of less than 0.5 μm. It is mostly observed in sediments deposited in a low energy muddy inner platform setting. Class D (strictly microporous mud-dominated facies with compact anhedral to fused dense micrites) comprises subhedral to anhedral crystals with sutured contacts forming a dense matrix. It has very low porosity and permeability. Class D is only found in low energy muddy inner platform facies and forms inter-reservoir or caps rock layers in close association with stylolites and clay contents that usually exceed 10%.