鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界碎屑岩相对高渗储集层成因及分布*

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界发育 “粒间孔型石英砂岩”、“溶孔型石英砂岩”、“粒间孔—溶孔复合型长石砂岩”3类相对高渗储集层。结合鄂尔多斯盆地地质背景,分析了该地区上古生界3类相对高渗储集层的岩石结构、组分与物性等基本特征,详细探讨了沉积环境、成岩作用、构造活动对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界各类相对高渗储集层形成的控制机理,并在此基础上,依据与物源的距离、沉积相类型及砂体分布、孔隙类型、颗粒成分及粒度粗细、杂基成分及含量、储集层最大埋深、后期构造运动等因素,对主力勘探层系山西组二段和下石盒子组八段进行了储集层优劣分级综合评价,认为受高石英含量母岩控制的沉积体系、辫状河高能沉积相带和强溶蚀、弱压实的有利成岩相带分布区是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界碎屑岩相对高渗储集层的主要发育区域。     

动物碎屑的光性变化及其研究意义

前泥盆纪地层中缺乏镜质体使得正确评价其有机质的热成熟度极为困难。但在下古生界中含有海生有机质笔石和几丁虫等 ,由于其光性特征随成熟度的变化而发生规律性变化而被用于表征有机质成熟度。在 4 50～ 70 0nm可见光谱范围 ,由于笔石和几丁虫的光学色散特性反射率随成熟度增加 ,表现出与镜质体及沥青相似的变化趋势。这表明 ,随成熟度增加 ,笔石和几丁虫的分子结构芳香度及芳碳定向性均发生相似的变化。在低成熟阶段 ,笔石和几丁虫的光学色散谱从蓝区到红区降低 ,表明芳环聚合程度低 ,芳碳含量少。在中等成熟阶段 ,笔石和几丁虫的光学色散谱从蓝区到红区呈平稳型式。在高成熟阶段 ,笔石的光学色散谱从蓝区到红区呈上升趋势 ,表明具有高芳香度 ,芳香分子定向性增强。在Ro ,max为 2 5%左右笔石发生结构转化 ,但直到Ro ,max达 12 %也未发生石墨化作用 ,表明笔石主要发生增碳作用。笔石和几丁虫的光性参数是下古生界地层的极为有效的成熟度指标     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711100079X

Lower Paleozoic rocks exposed in various regions of Egypt (south central Sinai, north Eastern Desert and southwest Western Desert), in addition to occurring in the subsurface such as north Western Desert and the Gulf of Suez. The Lower Paleozoic rocks in Egypt include surface and subsurface rock units of formational status. The surface rock units are the Taba, Araba and Naqus formations. The subsurface rock units include the Shifa, Kohla and Basur formations. The Infracambrian Taba Formation has been discovered recently in the outcrops of the south eastern Sinai in the Taba-Ras El-Naqab area. It is missing and/or not recognized in the subsurface. The Taba Formation consists mainly of reddish brown, unfossiliferous gravelly fine-to medium-grained sandstones cemented by kaolinite and have subordinate beds of paleosols. The Cambrian Araba Formation and its subsurface equivalent (the Shifa Formation) are essentially composed of reddish brown, fine-grained laminated sandstone and siltstone with abundant Skolithos and Cruziana sp. In contrast, the Ordovician-Silurian Naqus Formation and its subsurface equivalents (Kohla Formation and Basur Formation) are mainly composed of white, unfossiliferous, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones with haphazardly distributed pebbles and cobbles. Sedimentological analysis indicates that the Araba Formation and its equivalents were deposited in a marginal-marine environment, whereas the Naqus Formation and its equivalents were laid down in a fluvio-glacial environment. Integrated stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Lower Paleozoic rocks permit reconstruction of the paleogeography of Egypt at that time. Egypt has been largely controlled since the Cambrian by the pre-existing structural framework of the pre-Phanerozoic basement rocks inherited from the Late Proterozoic Pan-African event. Additionally, sedimentation processes were controlled during Cambro-Ordovician times by tectonic movements, whereas glacio-eustatic control predominated during the Late Ordovician-Silurian Period. These studies suggest that most areas of Egypt were exposed lands with episodically transgression by epicontinental seas related to the paleo-Tethys. These lands formed a part of a stable subsiding shelf at the northern Gondwana margin.     

辽西建平-喀左地区元古宙-古生代层序地层

通过１∶５万区域地质调查工作,对建平—喀左地区元古宙—古生代地层做了岩石地层、生物地层、不整合界线地层和层序地层的多重划分与对比。进行了基本层序、沉积相和沉积环境的调查研究,将元古宙—古生代地层划分为１０个层序,归并为２个超层序,初步建立了岩石地层和年代地层格架。     

祁连山新元古代中—晚期至早古生代火山作用与构造演化

祁连山地区的新元古代中—晚期至早古生代火山作用显示系统地时、空变化,其乃是祁连山构造演化的火山响应。随着祁连山构造演化从Rodinia超大陆裂谷化—裂解,经早古生代大洋打开、扩张、洋壳俯冲和弧后伸展,直至洋盆闭合、弧-陆碰撞和陆-陆碰撞,火山作用也逐渐从裂谷和大陆溢流玄武质喷发,经大洋中脊型、岛弧和弧后盆地火山活动,转变为碰撞后裂谷式喷发。850~604 Ma的大陆裂谷和大陆溢流熔岩主要分布于祁连和柴达木陆块。从大约550 Ma至446 Ma,在北祁连和南祁连洋-沟-弧-盆系中广泛发育大洋中脊型、岛弧和弧后盆地型熔岩。与此同时,在祁连陆块中部,发育约522~442 Ma的陆内裂谷火山作用。早古生代洋盆于奥陶纪末(约446 Ma)闭合。随后,从约445 Ma至约428 Ma,于祁连陆块北缘发育碰撞后火山活动。此种时-空变异对形成祁连山的深部地球动力学过程提供了重要约束。该过程包括:(1)地幔柱或超级地幔柱上涌,导致Rodinia超大陆发生裂谷化、裂解、早古生代大洋打开、扩张、俯冲,并伴随岛弧形成;(2)俯冲的大洋板片回转,致使弧后伸展,进而形成弧后盆地;(3)洋盆闭合、板片断离,继而发生软流圈上涌,诱发碰撞后火山活动。晚志留世至早泥盆世(420~400 Ma),先期俯冲的地壳物质折返,发生强烈的造山活动。400 Ma后,山体垮塌、岩石圈伸展,相应发生碰撞后花岗质侵入活动。     

广域电磁法在豫西地区济源凹陷古生界油气勘探中的应用

豫西地区济源凹陷由山地和丘陵组成,地形条件复杂,地震资料品质较差,盆地内断裂形态结构、深部古生界展布特征等不清楚,制约着济源凹陷的油气勘探和资源潜力评价。本文利用广域电磁法在豫西地区济源凹陷进行方法应用研究,采用“地球物理资料综合处理解释一体化系统”进行数据处理与反演,获得了地下真实的电性特征,建立了目标层与视电阻率的电性关系,刻画了研究区目标层的构造特征。本研究查明了济源凹陷西部斜坡的断裂结构特征,新识别出12条断裂;揭示石炭-二叠系厚度分布范围在200～1800 m,最大埋深2200 m;奥陶系顶界面埋深分布在300～2450 m,呈“条带状”展布,得到了地质调查井岩心编录的证实。     

Early Paleozoic gabbro-granitoid associations in eastern segment of the Mongolian-Okhotsk foldbelt (Amur River basin): Age and tectonic position

Magmatic rocks of the Pikan and Un’ya massifs situated in eastern segment of the Mongolian-Okhotsk foldbelt are studied using isotopic-geochronological (U-Pb zircon dating) and geochemical methods. Two rock complexes different in age are recognized in the Pikan massif: the high-Al gabbro-tonalite association of the Middle Ordovician (468 ± Ma) and granodiorite-granite association of the Late Silurian-Early Devonian (415 ± 7 Ma). The Late Ordovician age (454 ± 5 Ma) is established for leucocratic granites of the Un’ya massif. As is suggested, the Pikan and Un’ya massifs are “allogenic blocks” detached from continental framework of the Mongolian-Okhotsk foldbelt and tectonically emplaced into the foldbelt structure at the last stage of its development.     

吉林省延边开山屯地区大蒜沟组生物化石的发现及其意义

在延边开山屯地区大蒜沟组地层中,发现的植物化石大部分在吉南—辽东地区太原组中所常见,具有明显的晚石炭世华夏植物群的色彩;动物化石也大多属石炭—二叠纪常见分子。将具有这种生物组合的大蒜沟组置于晚石炭世—早二叠世早期是合适的。     

显微荧光光谱技术在油气成藏研究中的应用——以塔里木盆地巴什托上古生界油气藏为例

根据原油在紫外光的激发下产生荧光的特点,通过显微荧光光谱方法,对有机包裹体的荧光光谱进行定量化分析,利用其主峰波长与荧光强度、主峰波长与红/绿商的相关性,对塔里木盆地巴什托上古生界油气藏的成藏特征进行了初步研究。在研究区所采集的32块岩石样品中共获得64个荧光光谱数据。分析结果表明,巴什托上古生界油气藏存在3个油源,其主峰波长主要集中在439~443nm、469~472 nm和498~503 nm三个值段上,且为不同演化阶段的混源充注。前两者来自于寒武—奥陶系烃源岩,由下至上充注成藏;后一油源来自于石炭系巴楚组,随演化程度的变化同时向上、下两个方向充注。综合同期捕获不同主峰波长的有机包裹体,推测研究区至少存在4期油充注、1期天然气充注。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗晚古生代碎屑锆石定年及其意义

对科尔沁右翼中旗地区晚古生代地层进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年研究。样品130909-01为凝灰质砂岩,130910-15为岩屑石英砂岩。碎屑锆石年龄可分为4组,由新到老依次为:252~278Ma、286~359Ma、381~462Ma和500Ma之前。碎屑锆石的最小年龄(256.5±1.7Ma)限定了地层沉积下限为晚二叠世。样品中出现大量残留锆石,记录了前寒武纪基底、早古生代岛弧岩浆岩和石炭纪—二叠纪岩浆活动事件。