基于地形的海底热液区沉积物分布趋势预测方法研究

热液区沉积物接受了大量热液物质的输入,其矿物组成及地球化学空间分布特征是多金属硫化物勘探的有效指标。由于重力作用,洋中脊区域沉积物主要分布于低洼和平坦地形区。为了探索地形因素对热液区沉积物分布的影响规律,本文通过ArcGIS提出了一种基于地形数据的海底热液区沉积物分布趋势预测方法,并对西南印度洋中脊龙角区地形数据进行了分析,包括沉积物重力搬运方向提取、沉积物汇集量估算、海底沟谷提取和沉积物源区划分。通过与研究区底质解译结果进行对比验证发现,预测结果与研究区内沉积物的实际分布范围较为吻合,表明本方法在一定程度上可以有效地指示地形影响下海底热液区沉积物的分布情况。本方法对海底硫化物矿产勘探工作具有一定指导意义,可为海底沉积物取样站位设置与海底硫化物成矿远景区圈定提供参考依据。     

加瓜海脊铁锰结壳的年龄及其定年方法适用性比较

深海铁锰结壳的定年对其记录的百万年尺度古海洋环境变化研究至为关键.综合运用10Be/9Be、Co经验公式、230Thex/232Th和磁性地层学,对采自加瓜海脊的铁锰结壳样品开展了系统的年代学对比研究.结果表明:相对于开阔大洋的铁锰结壳,较多的陆源物质输入造成了不同定年方法获得的年龄或生长速率的明显差异.其中,因为大量...     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Central Indian Ridge,latitude 8°–17° S: denudation of mantle harzburgites and gabbroic rocks and compositional variation of basalts

This study investigates the formation of lower oceanic crust and geochemical variations of basalts along the Central Indian Ridge (CIR, lat. 7°45′–17°10′ S). Harzburgites, various gabbroic cumulates, medium- to fine-grained oxide gabbros, diabases, and pillow basalts were recovered by dredging from segment ends such as ridge-transform intersections (RTIs), non-transform discontinuities (NTDs), and transform offset areas. The occurrence of both harzburgites and gabbroic rocks with minor basalts at all segments ends, and leucogabbro intrusive into harzburgite at the 12°45′ S NTD indicates that oceanic crust at segment ends exposes mantle-derived harzburgites and gabbroic intrusions with a thin basaltic cover due to sparse magmatic activity. Basalts collected along the entire ridge show wide compositional variations between N (normal)- and E (enriched)-mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). T (transitional)-MORBs with enriched affinities are more prominent than N-MORBs. There is no tendency of enrichment towards specific directions. (La/Sm)_N variations in MORB along the CIR (8°–21°S) fluctuates at a regional scale with local high positive anomalies reflecting compositional heterogeneity of the sub-CIR mantle domain.     

Hydrothermal Activity Events at Kairei Field,Central Indian Ridge 25°S

The Kairei hydrothermal field is located on the Central Indian Ridge at 70°02′E, 25°19'S, which was discovered in 2000. Eight representative hydrothermal product samples including massive sulfide, sulfide chimney and mineralized rock breccia samples collected from this field were age‐dated using the ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U and ²¹⁰Pb/Pb methods. Four episodes of hydrothermal activity were determined: 94.5 to 96.3 ka (event I), 56.6 to 61.2 ka (event II), 8.4 to 10.6 ka (event III), and <180 a to present (event IV). Among them, event I is the oldest and is characterized by the low‐temperature mineralization of rock breccias which probably represents for the onset of the hydrothermal activity of the field. Events II to IV represent the episodic high‐temperature hydrothermal activities characterized by Cu and Zn‐rich sulfides. The recent hydrothermal activity has lasted for at least 180 a.     

Scales and arrangements of large wood in first- through fifth-order streams of the Blue Ridge Mountains

Large wood frequency and volume were examined as a function of landscape characteristics at different spatial and temporal scales in 50 reaches of the Upper Little Tennessee River basin with drainage areas ranging from 0.3 to 30.1 km². Riparian forest cover was described laterally at the reach scale and longitudinally 1 km upstream in all tributaries. Riparian cover was analyzed with geomorphic and additional landscape variables to isolate factors that most influence wood in streams. Forested area immediately surrounding the reach was the strongest predictor of wood frequency and volume, although upstream riparian cover can explain additional variation in wood distributions. An optimal forested buffer width around the stream for large wood was not evident. The relationship between the riparian forest and wood weakens in bigger channels, as fluvial transport of pieces increases. Resurveys demonstrate that large wood is most dynamic in wide, forested reaches and changes function during floods to store sediment and organic matter.     

西南印度洋中脊热液硫化物成矿物质来源探讨:同位素证据

报道了西南印度洋中脊47°E~55°E洋脊段热液区硫化物中He、Pb和Cu同位素特征,探讨了热液硫化物成矿物质来源特征。结果表明:硫化物N(3 He)/N(4 He)值变化范围较大(R/Ra=0.85~7.02),显示洋中脊玄武岩和海水对He来源具有不同贡献,硫化物中He主要来源于洋中脊玄武岩,也有部分放射性成因He的混入;热液硫化物Pb同位素比值变化范围很小(N(206 Pb)/N(204Pb)=18.196~18.239,N(207 Pb)/N(204 Pb)=15.479~15.490和N(208 Pb)/N(204 Pb)=37.951~38.023),与西南印度洋中脊玄武岩Pb同位素比值较大的变化范围相比,热液流体循环过程中Pb同位素发生了明显均一化;硫化物单矿物Cu同位素组成均为正值(δ(64 Cu)=(0.02~0.52)×10-3),显示西南印度洋中脊热液硫化物呈现略微富集Cu重同位素特征;西南印度洋中脊热液硫化物中He、Pb和Cu同位素记录了热液喷口流体和金属源区特征,热液硫化物成矿物质主要来源于洋中脊玄武岩和海水,但明显经历了热液流体再循环和后期改造过程。     

极地海洋钻探研究进展

南极和北极海域的深海钻探（DSDP）和大洋钻探（ODP）研究所取得的成就是举世瞩目的,为人类研究过去全球变化打开了新的视野。它们揭示了北大西洋高纬度海区新近纪的古海洋学和古气候的演化历史,发现了早更新世"41ka世界"千年尺度的气候波动,以及冰期表层水温与深层水的耦合颤动,说明冰期旋回中冰消期气候的不稳定性。检验了新近纪环南极洋流的形成历史,并揭示了南极新生代的气候变冷和冰盖的演变历史,以及证实了南大洋温度变化领先于全球冰量的变化。2004年北极罗蒙诺索脊的综合大洋钻探（IODP）将宣告科学探索时代的到来,其研究将重建北冰洋新生代环境变化和气候的演变历史,展示北冰洋在全球气候变化中的作用。