基于机载微波辐射计探测大气水汽通道饱和问题研究

183.31 GHz微波辐射计在探测低含量水汽时具有优势,但也存在通道饱和问题,定量研究该问题对明确该类型仪器探测水汽能力和适用范围具有重要意义.基于天津市人工影响天气办公室增雨飞机运-12搭载的183.31 GHz微波辐射计GVR(G-band water Vapor Radiometer),采用探空资料对该辐射计4...     

Assimilation of Feng-Yun-3B Satellite Microwave Humidity Sounder Data over Land

The ECMWF has been assimilating Feng-Yun-3B(FY-3B) satellite microwave humidity sounder(MWHS) data over ocean in an operational forecasting system since 24 September 2014. It is more difficult, however, to assimilate microwave observations over land and sea ice than over the open ocean due to higher uncertainties in land surface temperature, surface emissivity and less effective cloud screening. We compare approaches in which the emissivity is retrieved dynamically from MWHS channel 1 [150 GHz(vertical polarization)] with the use of an evolving emissivity atlas from 89 GHz observations from the MWHS onboard NOAA and EUMETSAT satellites. The assimilation of the additional data over land improves the fit of short-range forecasts to other observations, notably ATMS(Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder) humidity channels, and the forecast impacts are mainly neutral to slightly positive over the first five days. The forecast impacts are better in boreal summer and the Southern Hemisphere. These results suggest that the techniques tested allow for effective assimilation of MWHS/FY-3B data over land.     

两种ASCAT 散射计风产品的比较及评估

基于浮标和步进频率微波辐射计(SFMR,Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer)数据对NASA JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)和RSS(Remote Sensing Systems)公司分别发布的已广泛应用于全球海面风场观测的ASCAT(Advanced SCATterometer)散射计风产品进行了比较和分析。结果表明,两者风速在中低风速(15 m/s)时基本一致;高风速(15 m/s)时RSS风速整体高于JPL风速。通过浮标数据对比,风速15 m/s时两者风速精度一致;风速15 m/s时两者风速RMS相当,但JPL和RSS风速分别低估和高估。利用SFMR数据检验表明RSS风速与SFMR风速一致性更好。两者风向精度在低风速(5 m/s)时较低,但随风速增加而提高并趋于稳定。该研究结果对相关科研人员的ASCAT散射计风产品选择具有重要的指导意义。     

大气水汽总量的垂直分解

利用1986-2001年探空资料, 分析了我国5个不同地区的水汽垂直分布规律, 建立了大气边界层以上比湿随气压为幂函数分布, 边界层内比湿随气压线性分布的模型, 并用2004年11月-2005年10月的探空资料、 NCEP再分析资料作了对比检验和误差分析, 最后将模型应用于微波辐射计反演水汽总量的垂直分解.结果表明, 模型分解产生的误差越接近地面则越大, 对于1 mm总量的水汽, 分解得到的比湿最大误差为0.1 g·kg-1.     

COSMIC数据验证FY-3 MWTS通道4的观测结果

利用无线电掩星探测在平流层具有较高精度和稳定性的优势,本文采用COSMIC资料验证我国风云3号（FY-3）系列卫星上微波温度探测仪（MWTS）通道4表征的平流层低层测量结果.两年的FY-3A/3B上MWTS通道4观测亮温与掩星数据模拟的亮温相比较分析表明：两颗卫星平台上MWTS通道4观测亮温都偏高,尤其在热带地区和极区夏季;FY3A/3B上MWTS通道4亮温偏差的月均值变化趋势较为一致,两个年份的变化趋势也较为一致.MWTS通道4表征的平流层低层观测亮温在不同纬度带呈现不同偏差分布特征：热带地区明显系统偏高2~4 K,中纬度地区偏高1 K;而高纬度地区则出现随季节显著变化的偏差,尤其在南极地区季节差异达到5 K,这种依赖于环境温度出现的较大亮温偏差不完全是频率偏移引起.热带地区观测与模拟亮温差异显著,并且热带地区样本对于全球总体亮温偏差影响程度达到20%,这表明COSMIC数据在热带地区的验证结果需谨慎使用.

     

Using microwave links to adjust the radar rainfall field

The final stage in processing radar data so as to arrive at an estimated rain field typically involves a comparison of the preliminary radar-derived estimates of hourly rainfall with those observed by ground-based gauges. Often a mean field bias adjustment will then be applied using an age-weighted average of the individual gauge–radar comparisons. In this paper, a mean field bias adjustment is presented that uses the path-integrated rainfall estimates provided by microwave links together with information from gauges. It is shown to be at least as efficient as the current gauge-based procedure used by the UK Met Office to improve the accuracy of radar-based estimates of rainfall at the ground.     

受载煤体变形破裂微波辐射前兆规律的实验研究

对煤体在单轴压缩条件下的微波辐射效应和规律进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,受载煤体具有微波辐射效应,在煤体的变形破裂过程中伴随有6.6 GHz微波辐射信号产生,其前兆规律具有3种类型.基于电介质物理学对实验现象进行了解释.在单轴压缩实验中,煤体的亮温最大变化值为1.9~2.7 K,这表明煤体的微波辐射特性明显优于红外辐射特性.运用微波遥感基本原理的理论知识,分析了受载煤体变形破裂过程中微波辐射特性的影响因素.利用受载煤体变形破坏过程中的微波辐射前兆特性预报煤岩动力灾害具有广泛的应用前景.     

微波辐射计的逆向辐射对定标及辐射测量的影响

微波辐射计是一种无源的微波遥感器,系统中存在逆向辐射,它通过无线向外辐射能量。逆向辐射温度的大小与接收机的噪声温度和前端器件有关,系统中的逆向辐射温度对微波辐射计的定标及陆基微波辐射计天底角附近的微波辐射测量都产生一定的影响。     

AltiKa Radiometer: Instrument Description and In–Flight Performance

On 25 February 2013, the Satellite for Argos and AltiKa (SARAL) was launched from the Indian Sriharikota launch site. The AltiKa payload consisted of an altimeter and a radiometer. This paper describes the AltiKa radiometer. This instrument has been studied for several years by CNES, TAS-F, ASTRIUM-F and a set of science laboratories, and AltiKa is the first compact instrument embedding simultaneously the altimeter and radiometer functions. AltiKa radiometer is a dual frequency instrument working in K (23.8 GHz) and Ka band (37 GHz), it is based on the total power principle, with direct detection receivers. On-ground acceptance tests exhibited a very high level of performance: less than 0.2 dB has been estimated for both sensitivity and absolute accuracy in both frequencies. This paper focuses on the in-flight performances that have been observed since the launch. All the instrument observable characterizations are nominal, and in-flight sensitivity has been estimated lower than 0.2 K.     

微波干燥法快速测定湖盐的水不溶物

简述了盐业生产过程中水不溶物检测方法对实现工业盐生产质量过程控制的影响,提出微波加热快速测定工业盐产品中的水不溶物的方法,通过实验证明,该方法简便迅速,具有很强的实用性。