2012年夏季北极浮冰生物群落结构及垂直分布特征研究

海冰生物群落是北极生态系统的重要组成部分,在北冰洋初级生产和碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文利用荧光显微分析技术对2012年度夏季采集于北冰洋中心区的浮冰生物群落进行了分析,结果显示：柱总生物量平均为105.85±53.41 mgC •m^-2,其中细菌占生物量的47.2%,而后依次是硅藻（26.7%）,鞭毛虫（18.2%）,鞭毛藻（6.9%）和纤毛虫（1.0%）。最高纬站位（123°43.454′E 87°39.598′N）出现冰底鞭毛藻藻华现象,生物量可达329.6 μg C•L^-1,该站位生物群落处于硅藻藻华后期,海冰上层存在较大程度的融冰作用,底部冰芯营养盐N/P比较高,可能形成有利于鞭毛藻生长的小生境。与已有研究结果的对比表明,近年来夏季北极海冰的快速融化对浮冰生物群落结构产生了明显影响,异养类群生物量升高,细菌取代硅藻成为优势类群。     

Temporal trends of mercury in marine biota of west and northwest Greenland

Temporal trends in mercury concentrations ([Hg]) during the last two to three decades were determined in liver of shorthorn sculpin, ringed seal and Atlantic walrus from northwest Greenland (NWG, 77 degrees N) and in liver of shorthorn sculpin and ringed seal from central west Greenland (CWG, 69 degrees N) during the last decade. Stable-nitrogen (delta(15)N) and carbon (delta(13)C) isotope values were determined in muscle of ringed seals to provide insight into potential trophic level changes through time. Log-linear regressions on annual median [Hg] did not reveal any temporal trend in shorthorn sculpin from CWG and NWG and walrus from NWG. In ringed seals from NWG, an increase in [Hg] of 7.8% per year was observed. When based on delta(15)N-adjusted [Hg] this rate increased to 8.5% but was still non-significant. In ringed seal from CWG no trend was found in [Hg] during the period 1994-2004. However, during the last part of the period (1999-2004) the [Hg] increased significantly. Including tissue delta(15)N values as a covariate had a marked effect on these results. The annual changes in delta(15)N-adjusted [Hg] was estimated to -5.0% for the whole period and 2.2% during the last 5 years compared to -1.3% and 12.4%, respectively, for the non-adjusted [Hg].     

峡东震旦纪庙河生物群及其绝灭原因探讨

地球灾变事件是导致古生物大规模绝灭和沉积环境突变的根本原因。我们研究了峡东庙河陡山沱组灯影组界线剖面,获得ＲＥＥ及其它微量元素异常和大量微球粒等灾变事件的证据,从而判定庙河生物群的大绝灭是由于陡山沱期末的一次地球灾变事件的结果。     

从事件地层学角度探讨东亚陆相侏罗、白垩系界线

本文将广义的热河生物群进一步划分为晚侏罗世热河动物群（狭义）和早白垩世阜新生物群,并讨论了上述生物群的演替与侏罗、白垩纪之交古气候、海平面变化地质事件之间的关系。     

辽宁西部九佛堂组昼蜓化石的新发现及其地质意义

发现于辽宁省义县早白垩世九佛堂组上段地层中的昼蜓化石(孟氏丽昼蜓Abrohemeroscopus mengi Ren，Liu et Chen，2003)与北京西山卢尚坟组的巴依萨昼蜓(Hemeroscopus baissicus Pritykina，1977)在形态上比较相似，但在演化程度上更为原始，主要体现在后翅臀套较小(仅有6～7个翅室)，径增脉(Rspl)缺，后翅CuAa脉弯曲、带有5个明显的后分支，前翅MP脉短、终止于翅后缘近翅结处，翅痣下有一个明显的支脉，后翅CuAa和MP域基部较窄、在三角室下方仅有1排翅室。据此，九佛堂组上段的地质时代定为早白垩世早期(Berriasian-Hauterivian)较为合理。     

湘西震旦纪武陵山生物群的化石形态学特征和归属

湘西桃源理公港震旦系留茶坡组中部黑色页岩中的炭质压膜化石,为研究末前寒武纪晚期生物学提供了一个稀有的布吉斯页岩型分类学窗口。根据已知属种和新获材料的研究,确定了17个明显的形态类型,讨论了每种形态类型特征及其可能的生物学属性,指出除个别化石可能为两侧对称动物外,其余绝大多数化石可以解释为原核生物或多细胞藻类,系统发育上与绿藻、褐藻、蓝藻细菌等相关。具固着器、叶状体为球状或具同心纹构造的Apsidiumsphaericus的发现,进一步证明典型埃迪卡拉动物群(或白海生物群)中简单的圆盘状化石可能为多细胞藻类,而不是水母。武陵山生物群中具同心纹结构的大型圆盘状化石的出现及其共生生物特点,指示该生物群是埃迪卡拉期生物分异发展阶段的产物,是末前寒武纪晚期一个以多细胞藻类发育为特色的新型生物群。     

Antimony in the environment: A review focused on natural waters. III. Microbiota relevant interactions

Antimony is ubiquitously present in the environment as a result of natural processes and human activities. Antimony is not considered to be an essential element for plants or animals. In this third review paper on the occurrence of antimony in natural waters, the interactions of antimony with microbiota are discussed in relation to its fate in natural waters. This paper covers the following aspects: occurrence in microbiota, uptake transport mechanisms, pathways of Sb(III) removal from cells involved in antimony tolerance, oxidation and reduction of antimony by living organisms, phytochelatin induction and biomethylation. This review is based on a careful and systematic examination of a comprehensive collection of papers on the above mentioned aspects of the subject. All data are quoted from the original sources. Relatively little existing information falls within the strict scope of this review and, when relevant, discussion on the interactions of antimony with reference microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and different protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, has been included.     

贵州关岭上三叠统卡洛维龙 (爬行动物：鱼龙类)一新种

根据采自贵州关岭上三叠统小凹组一件近乎完整的鱼龙骨架标本和一件压扁的头骨标本,笔者建立并系统描述了卡洛维龙的一个新种Callawayia wolonggangensis sp.nov.。分析和讨论了新种与Callawayia属其他种及其在关岭生物群中共生的各鱼龙属种之间的异同点,指出新种以具有发育的上颌骨上升支,窄的额骨及其与鼻骨之间宽缓的U-形接缝与该属模式种C.neoscapularis相区别。新种与关岭生物群中的Panjiangsaurus分子在头骨和四肢的一般形态特征上较为接近,但新种的鼻骨向后延伸与后额骨接触;额骨呈槽状向上颞孔方向延伸,并直接参与上颞孔前边缘的形成,以及后部顶骨脊之下具有发育的顶骨架而易于区别。另外,新种桡骨和桡侧腕骨前边缘直的特点也与Panjiangsaurus明显不同。     

中国西南部三叠纪海相生物群及其集群死亡事件

中国西南部三叠纪海相生物群主要有海生爬行类、鱼类、棘皮类、菊石类、双壳类、腹足类及节肢动物等,分布范围包括贵州关岭、兴义、盘县和云南罗平一带的中—上三叠统关岭组、竹竿坡组及小凹组灰黑色钙质泥岩及泥质灰岩地层。这些生物群高度分异,数量丰富,反映了地球生命在经历了二叠纪末大绝灭以及早三叠世的相对停滞期后,在中三叠世开始进入迅速辐射演化的新阶段。这样不同类型和不同生长阶段的大量海洋动物同时集群死亡,并被迅速封埋保存成化石,反映了当时多次发生突发灾变事件。这与该生物群所处的古地理位置恰好位于华南板块、江南造山带及印度支那板块交界区构造活动带的海湾盆地环境有密切关系。推测那里滞流深水区还原环境形成硫化氢水团,在印支造山运动期间多次发生的海底地震及火山活动时,其硫化氢水团及海底富含碳酸盐的软泥泛起,混合成高密度有毒浊水团,侵入海洋生物群生存的清澈浅水区,导致大量海洋生物中毒窒息,出现突发性集群死亡,随后又被有毒浊水团携带的泥沙迅速封埋,在以后的成岩作用中保存为灰黑色钙质泥岩及泥质灰岩中的精美化石。     

云南罗平大凹子与上石坎剖面牙形类动物群研究进展

从大凹子剖面118件样品和上石坎剖面78件样品的系统研究中获得了丰富的牙形石标本,特征分子为Nicoraella kockeli Ni.germanicus,同时还获得了众多未能鉴定到种的片形分子Nicoraella sp.,Neospathodus sp.,以及大量的枝形分子,Cornudina? latidentata,Cornudina tortilis,Xaniognathus sp.,Hibbardellasp.,Cypridodella of.delicatula,Cypridodella cf.conflexa,Enantiognathus ziegler,Enantiognathus incurvus,Enantiognathus latus,Neohindeodella triassica,Hindeodella bogschi.对这些可识别到种级别的分子进行了鉴定描述,大凹子与上石坎剖面中获得的牙形石分子Nicoraella kockeli指示出罗平生物群的时代为Anisian期的Pelsonian亚期.