浅谈GPS测量多路径误差

对GPS测量多路径误差进行了分析,根据多路径误差变化同时间段一致性特性,采用残差相减重复部分的方法,探索抑制多路径效应的途径。     

贺兰山以北乌兰布和沙漠地下水水化学特征演化规律研究

乌兰布和沙漠对中国西北部干旱地区气候变化和水文循环过程研究具有指示意义, 以水文地球化学运移为导向, 通过分析33个地下水样, 探讨了该区地下水的补给与演化过程. 结果表明: 巴彦乌拉山浅层地下水水化学类型为Cl^--HCO₃^--SO₄^2--Na⁺; 从吉兰泰盐湖至乌兰布和沙漠, 主要水化学类型变化浅层地下水为Cl^--HCO₃^--Na⁺到Cl^--HCO₃^--SO₄^2--Na⁺, 深层地下水为HCO₃^--Cl^--Na⁺再到HCO₃^--Cl^--Na⁺或HCO₃^--Cl^--Ca²⁺. Gibbs图表明, 研究区地下水的水化学特征主要受蒸发浓缩作用影响和岩石风化作用控制, 大气降雨机制影响甚微. 主要离子相关关系图及饱和指数表明, 岩盐、芒硝、钠长石、方解石、白云石、石膏等矿物的风化溶解是该区地下水主要离子来源. 此外, 氯碱指数和Ca/Na的指示, 说明阳离子交换作用也是形成该地区地下水水化学组分的重要机制.     

CrustalP-wave velocity and velocity-ratio study in northeast India by a microearthquake survey

The upper crustal (20 km)P-wave velocity beneath the Shillong Plateau and Nowgong area has been studied by the time-distance plot method. TheP-arrival data of the shallow (20 km) microearthquakes from three temporary networks are used, and the average velocity is found to be 5.55 km/s. The velocity ratio (V _p /V _s ) for the upper crust (0–20 km) as well as for the lower crust (21–40 km) are determined by the Wadati-plot method and station-by-station method. The average value obtained by the two methods is compatible; theV _p /V _s ranges between 1.74 to 1.76. A generalized seismic velocity model of the area is suggested by this study, which has been very useful for microearthquake location.     

三度体磁异常的不定积分变换法研究

为发现和圈定干扰覆盖下的不明显异常，作者从三度磁性体的磁异常公式出发，推导磁异常的不定积分变换结果并由参量图方程绘得不定积分变换的磁异常参量图。本文针对2种规则形态磁性体推导其特征点规律，并进而用不同的方法求取磁性体的深度和磁性参数。在不同的空间几何参数条件下，讨论不定积分变换后参量图的曲线变化规律并总结其异常特征。提取判断产状的要素。该方法能简单有效地发现一些重要的地质信息，所得到的空间参数与变换异常间的特征点关系将有助于磁异常的分析。     

射阳沿海的旅游资源及开发,利用构想

射阳地处苏北沿海,成陆年代不长,有着广袤的滩涂和多条横绩全境的人海河道,蕴茂着国特色的旅游资源和自然景观,有许多革命纪念地,还流传着不少神话传说人文景观别具一格。本文提出了开发,建设射阳沿海滩涂旅游经济带和是河风光旅游带的总体规划,应遵循的原则和措施。     

济南某地区裂隙岩溶地下水硝酸盐污染现状及溯源浅析

通过对历史资料的对比,揭示了济南某地裂隙岩溶地下水中硝酸根污染现状,并通过三线图法对硝酸根进行溯源分析,显示研究区地下水硝酸根含量受人类活动影响明显,并有进一步发展的趋势。相关性分析法分析结果显示地下水硝酸根含量与Cl相关,说明其与工业废水联系密切,而土壤剖面中硝酸根含量显示,土壤中硝酸根含量的顺序为:禽畜粪便污染类污水排放污染类垃圾堆放污染类。分析认为,研究区裂隙盐溶承压水硝酸根污染的来源主要为补给区及径流区强烈渗漏携带牲畜粪便及氮肥和农家肥的施用、生活污水、工业废水及浅层水混入。     

巴彦塔拉油田南屯组、铜钵庙组岩性识别方法研究

巴彦塔拉油田南屯组、铜钵庙组地层属白垩系,岩性复杂,具有放射性的凝灰质对自然伽马值影响较大,难以用自然伽马来识别含泥地层,针对储层这一特点,提出了利用RLLD—AC交会图识别凝灰质的新途径;依据该区9口井测井、岩心和薄片分析资料,利用一套分步识别该区岩性的交会图方法,对该区巴X2和巴1两井取心井段进行岩性识别,符合率达91．7％,对研究区储层评价及与该区有类似地质特征的油田岩性识别有一定的指导意义。     

A new version of the USLE‐MM for predicting bare plot soil loss at the Sparacia (South Italy) experimental site

Improving empirical prediction of plot soil erosion at the event temporal scale has both scientific and practical importance. In this investigation, 492 runoff and soil loss data from plots of different lengths, λ (11 ≤ λ ≤ 44 m), and steepness, s (14.9 ≤ s ≤ 26.0%), established at the Sparacia experimental station, in Sicily, South Italy, were used to derive a new version of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)‐MM model, by only assuming a value of one for the topographic length, L, and steepness, S, factors for λ = 22 m and s = 9%, respectively. An erosivity index equal to (Q_REI₃₀)^b1, Q_R and EI₃₀ being the runoff coefficient and the event rainfall erosivity index, respectively, with b₁ > 1 was found to be an appropriate choice for the Sparacia area. The specifically developed functions for L and S did not differ appreciably from other, more widely accepted relationships (maximum differences by a factor of 1.22 for L and 1.09 for S). The new version of the USLE‐MM performed particularly well for highly erosive events, because predicted soil loss differed by not more than a factor of 1.19 from the measured soil loss for measured values of more than 100 Mg ha^?1. The choice of the relationships to predict topographic effects on plot soil loss should not represent a point of particular concern in the application of the USLE‐MM in other environments. However, tests of the empirical approach should be carried out in other experimental areas in an attempt to develop analytical tools, usable at the event temporal scale, reasonably simple and of wide validity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Variation in curve numbers derived from plot runoff data for New South Wales (Australia)

The curve number method is a simple one parameter (the curve number) rainfall runoff model. While its theoretical underpinning has been questioned it remains a powerful hydrological tool in the absence of detailed data and is therefore used extensively in hydrological models. This study aims to characterize the variation in maximum retention values (S), which underlie curve numbers, for a range of agricultural treatments across a large spatial area in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The data used for the analysis spans several decades of rainfall runoff observations. A range of different derivation methods result in variation in mean and variance of S. In particular, methods that emphasize the larger storms result in greater S and thus lower runoff. For larger spatial scales, emphasis on larger storms gives more reliable estimates of S. Systematic variation in S arises from variations in treatment, pre‐runoff soil moisture, rainfall depth, and variations in cover. On the basis of the analysis, a table of curve number values for different land uses found in NSW is presented. The resulting distributions of S and curve numbers provide guidance for rainfall runoff modelling studies in the agricultural important areas of NSW. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.