辽宁后仙峪硼矿床中电气石的矿物学特征及其成岩成矿意义

笔者对辽宁后仙峪硼矿床中电气石的矿物学特征和化学成分特征进行了分析．探讨了电气石化学成分对成岩成矿的指示意义。本区电气石属于镁电气石-铁电气石系列。其Mg／Fe与硼酸盐矿体有着密切的时空关系。不同产状中电气石的颜色、粒度、形态和环带特征都有明显的差别。靠近硼酸盐矿体的电气石环带各环圈都较为富Mg。从中心到边缘Mg总体有降低的趋势；远离硼酸盐矿体的各环圈都较富Fe。从中心到边缘Fe总体上有降低的趋势。电气石含量上盘总体上较下盘高，电英岩主要出现在硼酸盐矿体附近．Mg／Fe在远离硼酸盐矿体的电气石中与Na2O呈明显的正相关关系。电气石的上述化学成分特征反映了成岩成矿过程中流体演化的特点．早期的电气石是沉积物中富B部分经交代作用而成。在蒸发盆地的演化过程中，流体中Mg、Na、K成分增加，造成Mg／Fe的分带现象。电气石的所有矿物和化学特征表明电气石的形成方式包括沉积变质成因和热液交代两种．电气石的形成与硼酸盐的沉积过程密切相关．     

重庆地区石笋记录中Mg/Ca比值及古气候意义

在重庆梁天湾洞石笋LT14 31.9~15.02ka.B.P.古气候重建成果已发表的此基础上,本文选取Mg/Ca比值这一新的替代指标,探讨其在重庆地区独特的水热组合模式下的古气候指示意义,从而进一步探讨了该时段的气候变化.研究结果发现,重庆地区Mg/Ca比值与碳同位素的正相关关系较好(R2=0.60),可能与碳酸钙溶液在到达洞顶之前提前沉淀或滴率减小机制有关,它间接响应了降水的变化.运用Mg/Ca值变化对古气候的重建结果与以前的研究基本相符,说明Mg/Ca比值可以作为古降水的指标,但需同碳氧稳定同位素结合起来讨论,以便相互验证,提高古环境解译的准确性.     

Characteristics of late Cenozoic volcanism along the Archibarca lineament from Cerro Llullaillaco to Corrida de Cori, northwest Argentina

The Archibarca lineament is one of several NW–SE-trending transverse lineaments that cut across the Central Andes of Argentina and Chile. Central Andean, Late Miocene–Quaternary subduction-related volcanism is mainly restricted to a 50-km-wide arc forming the approximately N–S axis of the Cordillera, but extends along the transverse lineaments for up to 200 km to the SE. Lineaments are interpreted to be deep-seated, long-lived basement structures or anisotropies, which can control the localization of magmatism and, in some cases, magmatic–hydrothermal ore deposits (e.g., the Escondida porphyry Cu deposit, Chile). As a first step towards exploring the regional-scale controls on magmatism and related mineralization exerted by such structures, the styles of volcanism and near-surface hydrothermal activity along a segment of the Archibarca lineament in the Puna of northwest Argentina are described here. Volcanic structures have been mapped and sampled along a 50-km transect from Cerro Llullaillaco, a large medium-K dacitic Quaternary stratovolcano, to Corrida de Cori, a range of Pliocene–Pleistocene high-K andesitic vents. Apart from a southeastward increase in K content and the predominance of dacitic lavas at Cerro Llullaillaco, the geochemical affinity of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks varies little in time or space. This uniformity extends further SE to Cerro Galán, where published data closely match the results from the study area. In detail, trace element compositions reveal the localized (in both time and space) effects of crustal contamination (recognized as Th>10 ppm), and depth of fractionation (1/Yb>0.7 ppm⁻¹, reflecting garnet residue). Explosive volcanic rocks such as ignimbrites show the strongest indications of crustal contamination, whereas the Cerro Llullaillaco dacite lavas mostly record significant garnet fractionation. Other lavas from the Llullaillaco area, including one flow from Cerro Llullaillaco, do not show garnet control, suggesting that different batches of magma stalled and fractionated at different levels in a thick (60-km) crust prior to eruption. The youngest volcanism in the Corrida de Cori area is represented by olivine–phyric basaltic andesite cinder cones and flows. The ascent of these relatively primitive magmas appears to have been controlled by late Quaternary normal faults, which directly tapped deeply derived melts. The Corrida de Cori volcanic range has experienced intense fumarolic alteration with deposition of abundant sulfate and native sulfur (previously mined at Mina Julia). Deeper levels of hydrothermal alteration have been sampled by an ignimbrite erupted from Cerro Escorial, which, among other lithic clasts, contains numerous fragments of vein quartz. Fluid inclusions in this quartz record evidence for a boiling, high-salinity fluid, which may represent a link between a high temperature magmatic–hydrothermal system at depth (i.e., a porphyry-type system) and shallow-level fumarolic activity. An ignimbrite erupted from Cerro Escorial preserves textures such as internal wave forms between flow units and surface wave morphologies at its distal limits that indicate flow as a series of dense turbulent pulses, which interdigitated and interfered with one another. Lithic lag breccias occur near the base of the flow proximal to the vent, but no air-fall deposits are preserved, probably due to transport of ash far from the vent by strong, high-altitude winds.     

内蒙古林西早中生代O型高镁埃达克质安山岩的发现及其意义

对内蒙古林西地区火山岩样品的地球化学研究表明,其具有大洋型(O型)高镁埃达克质安山岩的地球化学特征[w(SiO2)=57.89%～63.97%、w(Al2O3)=15.39%～16.17%、w(Na2O)/w(K2O)=1.5～2.2(除一个为0.9)、A/CNK=0.83～0.97、Mg#=49～64、w(Cr)=91～209μg/g、w(Ni)=52.2～111.4μg/g、w(Sr)=551～1018μg/g、w(Yb)=1.18～1.71μg/g、w(Y)=12.6～17.7μg/g、δ(Eu)=0.86～0.94]。利用LA-ICP-MS对其锆石进行了U-Pb定年,得到206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(244±2)Ma(MSWD=0.36)。此时,区域内古亚洲洋已闭合,综合地球化学特征和区域地质环境说明,林西高镁埃达克质安山岩是由残余洋壳部分熔融并随后与地幔橄榄岩相互作用形成的。内蒙古林西早中生代高镁埃达克质安山岩的产出表明,洋壳来源的埃达克岩(O型埃达克岩)不仅可以随俯冲同时产生,而且也可以在非俯冲环境下由保存在古俯冲带地幔中的残余洋壳部分熔融产生。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐凸起石炭纪安山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

为加深对中亚造山带西段石炭纪构造背景的认识,对准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐凸起金龙10井区石炭纪安山岩岩心样品开展岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。安山岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其结晶年龄为(322.4±1.1) Ma,属中石炭世。地球化学分析结果表明,研究区安山岩属于低钾-中钾钙碱性岩石系列,其稀土元素配分曲线均略向右倾,具微弱的Eu负异常;微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示整体相对富集Pb和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr等,具有消减带弧火山岩的特征。安山岩的Th/La、Th/Ce和Lu/Yb值均低于大陆地壳的平均值,而接近幔源岩浆的比值。研究区安山岩属于正常的岛弧火山岩,源于富水地幔楔,是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融所形成的。结合区域地质背景并对比相近时期岩浆岩,综合认为研究区安山岩形成于大陆弧环境,为西准噶尔残余洋盆俯冲消减作用的产物,且残余洋盆在(322.4±1.1) Ma时还未完全关闭。     

青藏高原北部新生代火山岩中麻粒岩包体特征及其成因

青藏高原北部第三纪火山岩中的麻粒岩包体为深部地壳岩石捕虏体。麻粒岩具有石榴石、斜长石、紫苏辉石、普通辉石、石英等矿物组合，为变质峰期的产物，其原岩为富含泥质的沉积岩。麻粒岩的形成温度和压力经估算为1061℃～1222℃和1．010GPa～1．124GPa，相应的深度为36．7km～40．9km。上述资料表明，青藏高原北部的麻粒岩是在陆内板块挤压碰撞、剪切、地壳叠置增厚的条件下，由动热区域变质作用形成的。     

济阳坳陷富林洼陷中生界复杂岩性风化壳储集层成岩作用*

风化壳储集层成因及其差异性特征分析是当今储层地质学研究热点。渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沾化凹陷富林洼陷中生界油气勘探遇到瓶颈,目前探井仅钻揭白垩系顶部风化壳,且风化壳储集层岩性复杂、非均质性极强,明确风化壳储集层成岩改造、储集空间类型和组合关系,对本区乃至济阳坳陷中生界潜山油气勘探至关重要。通过岩心和薄片观察,结合录井、测井等资料,对富林洼陷白垩系西洼组复杂岩性风化壳储集层开展研究。结果表明: 风化壳岩性主要为安山岩和凝灰岩,其次为脉岩、隐爆角砾岩和砂砾岩。由于不同构造单元在复杂埋藏过程中经历了“洼—隆—隆”或“洼—隆—洼”的演化过程,不同岩性储集层的成岩序列和孔隙演化差异明显。火成岩和碎屑岩原生孔隙类型和成因明显不同,但现今储集空间均以次生孔隙特别是溶蚀孔为主,被溶蚀物质包括斑晶、基质以及火山岩屑等。溶蚀作用的主导流体多变,继抬升暴露过程中富含CO₂的大气淡水之后,有机质成熟时排出的有机酸对储集层改善有积极作用。有利风化壳储集层的形成受到岩性、埋藏演化过程和成岩流体的共同控制。整体上,富林洼陷白垩系西洼组储集层质量由好到次的顺序为: 凝灰质砂砾岩,火山角砾岩,含残余气孔安山岩,凝灰岩,次火山岩;不同岩性风化壳储集层在复杂埋藏过程中,经历了不同的成岩改造。     

复合矿的矿物学特征初步研究

复合矿又名硅硼镁铝矿（ｇｒａｎｄｉｄｉｅｒｉｔｅ）,属硼铝硅酸盐矿物。产于细晶岩和伟晶岩中,少数产于变质沉积角页岩中的辉长岩体的捕体中［１,２］,常与黑云母、磁铁矿、红柱石、尖晶石等共生。国内少见,研究亦少。１　矿物学特征本文研究的复合矿样品长３．０ｍｍ、宽２．５ｍｍ、厚０．０３ｍｍ,淡绿色,玻璃光泽,硬度６～７,测得比重２－９７,平均折射率１－６０６（１－５９０～１－６２３）。在长短波紫外荧光灯下无荧光反应。镜下观察样品中９７％为复合矿,晶体呈板柱状,高正突起,交互生长,具明显多色性（Ｎｇ＜Ｎ…     

辽西黄半吉沟早白垩世义县组高镁安山岩的成因

利用橄榄石和熔体包裹体,结合全岩的方法对辽西地区早白垩世义县组黄半吉沟火山岩的成因进行了研究。黄半吉沟火山岩SiO_2=53.41%~53.74%,MgO=8.15%~8.23%,Mg#=~70(Mg#=mol Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)),为高镁安山岩;全岩在TAS图解上,落在玄武安山岩范围内,属于亚碱性系列;它们具有较高Ni(119×10-6~125×10-6)和高Cr(467×10-6~521×10-6),显示幔源岩浆特征;在微量元素组成上,黄半吉沟高镁安山岩Sr=920×10-6~930×10-6,Y=16.1×10-6~16.4×10-6,Sr/Y=57~58;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,黄半吉沟高镁安山岩显示轻重稀土分异,明显的Nb-Ta-Ti和弱的Zr-Hf负异常,Ba、Sr和Pb正异常,这些特征与大陆下地壳非常相似。熔体包裹体MgO为6.5%~9.7%,SiO_2为51%~53%,不符合典型高镁安山岩的定义;在TAS图解上它们落在玄武粗安岩内,属于碱性系列;MgO与其它主量元素成分呈明显或者弱的负相关关系,说明它们的成分主要受控于橄榄石结晶分离过程。黄半吉沟高镁安山岩的橄榄石Fo值为75~91;CaO含量为0.10%~0.18%,NiO为0.05%~0.41%,Fe/Mn比值为60~80。黄半吉沟高镁安山岩的全岩和熔体包裹体成分存在显著差异,如熔体包裹体具有更高的Al2O3和更低的SiO_2。结合全岩微量元素特征,我们认为黄半吉沟高镁安山岩在地壳深度的岩浆演化过程中加入了来自下地壳的酸性熔体,是壳幔相互作用的结果。全岩较低Ni高Mg#,熔体包裹体低CaO并落在CATS-Olivine-Quartz相图的热障碍边界线富硅一侧,以及橄榄石低Ca和陡倾的Fo-Ni关系,指示黄半吉沟高镁安山岩的幔源岩浆是来自以斜方辉石为主辉石岩的源区。我们认为广泛发育于辽西地区的早白垩世义县组高镁安山岩可能经历了壳幔相互作用,因而不能作为拆沉作用导致岩石圈大规模减薄的重要证据。     

直至核幔边界的Mg2SiO4成分熔体剪切粘滞度的平衡分子动力学研究

熔体的粘滞度极大地影响熔体的各处动力学行为。虽然有一些有关酸碱生熔体粘滞度的数据但涉及地球更深部过程的基性和超基性熔体的粘滞度的数据很少。本项研究利用平衡分子动力学方法Ｍｇ２ＳｉＯ４成分熔体从２１６９Ｋ到５５９５Ｋ。压力从１０＾５Ｐａ到１３５ＧＰａ的粘滞度,所获得的粘滞度数据介于Ｕｒｂａｉｎｅｔ ａｌ,（１９８２）和Ｉｖａｎｏｖ ａｎｄ Ｓｔｅｎｇｅｌｍｅｙｅｒ（１９８２）的实验数据之间,比Ｓｈａ