内蒙古东七一山碱长花岗岩的地球化学特征和成因

东七一山碱长花岗岩是内蒙古北山地区规模最大的稀有金属矿化花岗岩,本文在前期岩石学及成矿特征研究基础上,首次对其岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学及年代学进行了分析探讨。岩石富硅、富碱,贫Ti、Fe、Mg、Mn等基性组分,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土元素配分模式显示Eu强亏损特征,δEu<0.1,Ba、Sr、P、Ti相对地幔显著亏损,而Rb、Nb+Ta、W、Mo、Li等元素明显富集。两类碱长花岗岩的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为128.2±1.1 Ma,相关系数为0.999 9,ISr=0.709 79,说明岩体的物质来源具有明显的壳源特征。147Sm/144Nd值相对亏损地幔值偏高,而143Nd/144Nd值偏低,Pb同位素以富含放射性成因铅为特征。结合岩石学和产出环境研究成果,认为该碱长花岗岩是在燕山晚期,由区域钾长花岗岩浆在壳层挤压-拉伸环境中进一步分异演化形成的,先形成的是碱长花岗斑岩,构成了似斑状碱长花岗岩的外部相,而似斑状碱长花岗岩是在相对封闭且挥发组分和稀有元素进一步富集、结晶分异较缓慢的过程中形成的,由残余流体产生的自交代作用也相对更发育,导致形成与锂云母化、次生钠长石化和硅化关系更密切的铌-钽、钨、锡、铷等稀有金属矿化。以上认识对在北山地区寻找与中生代花岗岩浆活动有关的金属矿产,特别是铌-钽、钨、锡、铷、钼矿产,具有重要的指导意义。     

北京云蒙山地区花岗岩穹隆及伸展构造的探讨

北京云蒙山花岗岩为一中生代侵入的花岗岩穹隆,花岗岩穹隆的叶理普遍发育,叶理轨迹基本平行于穹隆的外部边界,并显示出从核部到边部逐渐增强,东南侧明显强于西北侧的特点。变形构造研究显示,花岗岩穹隆的边部及围岩中普遍存在不同层次及不同运动方向的伸展构造。东南侧以具河防口－水峪伸展型韧性剪切带为特征,剪切运动标志显示为从ＮＷ－ＳＥ的正剪切运动,有限应变分析估算其剪切位移量在１０ｋｍ以上,剪切带上部被河防口正     

华熊地块中生代岩浆作用的物质继承性

中生代是华熊地块最重要的岩浆作用时期。通过对其中主要地体中燕山期改造型花岗岩和同熔型花岗岩的同位素研究,结合其形成物质背景和地质特征,认为它们的物质特征主要取决于它们继承各自不同的地体物质(特别是基底物质)和同一地体物质的多少程度。地体及其中生代岩浆作用的构造环境是解释这一继承机理的主要因素。     

Granite is an Effective Helium Source Rock: Insights from the Helium Generation and Release Characteristics in Granites from the North Qinling Orogen,China

Global helium(He) shortage is a challenging problem; however, the types of helium source rock and the mechanisms of He generation and release therein remain still poorly understood. In this study, in order to evaluate the potential of granite as an effective helium source rock, we collected granitic samples from the North Qinling Orogen, Central China, in the south of the helium-rich Weihe Basin. The helium generation and release behaviors in granite were studied through analysis of U and Th concentrations, EMPA images, and He and Ar concentrations and isotopic ratios extracted by crushing and stepwise heating. The results indicate that Ar has a better retention and a lower mobility than He. 3 He/4 He ratios released by crushing and stepwise heating are 0.016–0.056 RA and 0.003–0.572 RA, respectively, where RA is the atmospheric 3 He/4 He of 1.4×10-6, reflecting a crustal and radiogenic source. Helium concentrations extracted by the two ways are 0.13–0.95 ucm3 STP/g and 7.82–115.62 ucm3 STP/g, respectively, suggesting that matrix-sited He accounts for more than 98% of total helium preserved in granite. In addition, the total generated He amounts in granites are calculated based on the measured U and Th concentrations in granitic samples. Dividing the preserved He quantities by the generated He amounts, it turned out that less than 10% of He produced since the formation of the granite is preserved in the rock over geological time, suggesting that more than 90% generated He can be transferred to the Weihe Basin. Temperature and fracture are the two critical factors controlling He release. Based on the relationship between He diffusivity of granites and temperature and the He closure temperatures of a variety of U-and Th-rich minerals(27–250°C), we estimate that He can be partially released out of granite at the depths 400 m and totally released at the depths 7800 m. Fractures provide effective transfer of free He from deep source rocks to shallow reservoirs. Finally, a model on granite as an effective helium source rock is established. We suggest exploring He resources in hydrocarbon basins with granitic basement(or adjacent to granite bodies), high geothermal field, and young active fractures.     

桂东北钨锡稀有金属矿床的成矿类型、成矿时代及其地质背景

在大地构造位置上,桂东北地区位于江南造山带与华南褶皱带的过渡部位,具有独特的构造地理位置。在精细测试一系列典型矿床及其有关的花岗岩年代学的基础上,本文根据矿床类型、成矿元素组合,把该地区矿床分为6个成矿系统:①与志留纪花岗岩有关W-Mo矿;②与二叠世花岗岩有关Pb-Zn矿床;③与晚三叠世花岗岩有关W-Mo和Sn-Nb-Ta矿床;④与中—晚侏罗世花岗岩有关的W-Sn矿床;⑤与白垩世花岗岩有关的W-Sn矿床;⑥与花岗岩有关的铀矿。这些矿床的形成与不同时期构造-岩浆演化密切相关,主要形成于同碰撞挤压环境或者碰撞后伸展环境。     

粤北油洞岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其成因研究

油洞岩体位于诸广南部岩体中部,是一个重要的产铀岩体,岩性为中粒小斑状二云母花岗岩。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为232±4Ma(MSWD=3.2),属于印支早期岩浆活动产物。该岩体在主量元素方面,具有富硅(SiO2平均为72.65%)、富铝(A/CNK值平均为1.12)和高的K2O/Na2O比值(平均为1.79);在微量元素方面,大离子元素富集,Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta亏损明显,具有高的Rb/Sr(平均为8.08)和Rb/Nb比值(平均为20.96);在稀土元素方面,轻稀土明显富集,配分模式呈右倾型,Eu亏损明显;在同位素方面,εNd(t)值低(平均为-11.9),(87Sr/86Sr)i高(平均为0.72330),Nd模式年龄古老(平均为1954 Ma)。这些特征一致表明,油洞岩体属于典型的壳源型花岗岩范畴,是在华南地块和印支地块碰撞结束后不久形成的伸展构造环境中,位于中—下地壳部位的古—中元古代地壳组分由于在地壳缩短之后的伸展、减薄环境下产生的减压、导水和地幔上涌等因素的综合影响下,由泥质岩和砂质岩混合组成的源区发生部分熔融而形成。     

中亚造山带南缘中—新元古代地壳的揭示——来自北山—阿拉善北部钻遇碱性花岗岩的年代学和Hf同位素示踪研究

前寒武纪微陆块是北山—阿拉善北部增生造山带的重要组分,旱山、雅干和珠斯楞—杭乌拉地区的前寒武纪基底是否存在学界尚存争议.居延海介于北山造山带北部和阿拉善地块北缘的构造衔接部位,受限于巴丹吉林沙漠覆盖,岩石露头极少,我们通过钻井工程,钻遇一套晚石炭世碱性花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征揭示,该花岗质岩浆锆石结晶年龄为(312±1)Ma(MSDW=0.46,n=18)和(315±2)Ma(MSWD=0.93,n=15),具有正的εHf(t)值,介于+0.8~+4.4之间,平均值为+2.2,对应二阶段模式年龄TDM2为1048~1267 Ma,平均值为1183 Ma,具有古老地壳的源区属性.通过与旱山构造带、雀儿山构造带、雅干构造带和珠斯楞—杭乌拉构造带的晚石炭世花岗质岩浆对比分析,结合旱山构造带、雅干构造带和珠斯楞—杭乌拉构造带0.9 Ga花岗质岩石的出露以及区域上的重磁资料解译,我们认为旱山、雅干和珠斯楞—杭乌拉构造带存在中—新元古代地壳,且可开展进一步的衔接关系研究.     

伊通县放牛沟地区早古生代岩浆演化特征及其与矿产关系

伊通县放牛沟早古生代岩浆活动较为强烈,其发展演化与放牛沟多金属硫化物矿床关系极为密切。岩浆活动特点是先喷发后侵入,先期形成钙碱系列的火山—沉积岩系,后期为Ⅰ型中酸性岩浆侵入。该矿床既有火山沉积特征,又有后期岩浆热动力改造特点,其形成受控于岛弧构造环境、火山活动形成的矿源层、后期热动力改造等因素。     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Siwana Peralkaline Granites, West of Barmer, Rajasthan, India

The bimodal Malani suite, West of Barmer, Rajasthan is characterized by discontinuous, ring shaped outcrops of Siwana peralkaline granite with minor outcrops of basalt. The peralkaline, within- plate and A-type nature of granite are evident by its chemical characteristics. The granite is characterized by high Na₂O+K₂O, Fe/Mg, Zr, Nb, Y, Zn; low Al₂O₃, CaO and Sr and is significantly low in absolute abundance of trace and REE elements compared to type area Siwana granite. The granite is correlated to the “Pan-African” event and its petrogenesis and tectonic significance are discussed.     

花岗岩残积土动态冲击性能的SHPB试验研究

为研究花岗岩残积土的动态冲击性能,开展了高速冲击下的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验,与常规应变率下的试验结果比较,分析了高应变率对花岗岩残积土的应力?应变特性和强度的影响。结果表明：低、高应变率下的花岗岩残积土的?-?a（轴向应力?轴向应变）曲线均呈现出软化型。随着应变率 增加,?-?a曲线向?a增大的方向移动,破坏应变?af增加。但高应变率下?af增加的程度更加明显。花岗岩残积土的峰值强度普遍具有应变率依赖性,二者可用直线关系拟合,但低、高应变率下的拟合关系并不一致。提出了率敏性因子m定量评价依赖性强弱。研究发现,随着应变率的提高,强度的应变率依赖性减弱,低应变率下的m为26.694,而高应变率下仅为0.013。相关试验结果指出,高速冲击荷载对土体总体有害。工程中应该采取合理措施控制冲击荷载的危害。该研究有助于深化花岗岩残积土动态冲击性能的理解,为相关工程的施工与设计提供技术参考。