瞬变电磁法在煤矿水害防治中的应用

煤层附近的富水区(带)严重威胁着煤矿的生产安全，探明地下煤层附近富水区的赋存和断层、裂隙的发育情况，可以有效地指导煤矿水害的防治工作。对于含水地层及富水区，瞬变电磁法在多测道剖面上具有典型响应特征，据此可以查明地下水分布情况。在山东某煤田和河南某矿，应用瞬变电磁勘探，准确地查明了煤层顶底板富水区。．     

大青山造山带中基底再造杂岩的特征及其指示意义

大青山造山带中基底再造杂岩主要由高温韧性剪切变形变质作用的糜棱片麻岩类、部分重烙作用形成的混合岩化糜棱片麻岩类及太古宙地壳残块三部分组成。进一步研究表明该基底再造条岩不仅可以作为一个特定的构造岩性单元，属于造山带根部地壳的一部分，而且其中前两部分既不属于太古富变质上壳岩和侵入岩系，也不属于早元古代变质上亮岩，而是早元古代造山带演化过程中，变形变质作用和部分重熔作用对太古宙基底综合改造作用的产物。基底再造杂岩的研究为进一步探讨前寒武纪克拉通内硅铝壳造山作用的性质、规模和成因机制提供了极为重要的地质证据和信息。     

苏门答腊岛(印尼)成矿带的岩浆作用和源区及其对比

本文介绍了苏门答腊岛上两个成矿带(即铜-金矿成矿带和锡矿成矿带)的矿产分布,岩浆岩的岩石类型和地球化学特征。根据本研究课题在巴东地区岩石化学资料,本文总结了铜-金矿成矿带含矿母岩的地球化学特征,探讨其岩浆岩成因和源区。同时,将其锡矿成矿带岩浆岩的岩石类型和地球化学-大地构造环境与其相邻地体进行对比。研究结果表明:西苏门答腊地体的铜-金矿成矿带的含矿母岩为SI-型埃达克质花岗岩,形成于活动大陆边缘(ACM)火山弧构造环境,其岩浆物质主要来源于俯冲洋壳板片局部熔融叠加上弱的地幔楔熔融-混染作用(MASH)。而东苏门答腊地体‘锡岛’和"暹缅马苏"地体的锡矿带含矿母岩为过铝质(S-型)花岗岩类,其形成构造环境为碰撞带的弧后盆地和陆内裂谷,物质源区来自地壳重熔和岩浆分异。地球化学资料表明,该两地体具有共同的深部岩浆源区。     

Tertiary extension of continental crust and uplift of Psiloritis metamorphic core complex in the central part of the Hellenic Arc (Crete,Greece)

Kinematic analysis of the deformation in central Crete suggests that the structural evolution and exhumation of the high pressure/low temperature (HP/LT) rocks outcropping at the Mount Psiloritis metamorphic core complex are associated with a regional, Miocene, north-south extension and thinning of the continental crust. This tectonic regime developed under bulk coaxial strain conditions, with ductile deformation in the lower and brittle deformation in the upper crust, and followed, on the decompressional path, a north-south compression associated with a HP/LT metamorphism in the lower crust. This compressional event took place during Oligocene—Early Miocene and led to overthickening of the accretionary wedge in the Hellenic Arc. An east-west directed compression accompanied, in the final stages, the Miocene north-south extension of the continental crust.     

Tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Implications for the assembly of the Tarim terrane to Gondwana

The West Kunlun orogenic belt(WKOB) along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the evolution of the Proto-and Paleo-Tethys oceans. Previous investigations have focused on the igneous rocks and ophiolites distributed mostly along the Xinjiang-Tibet road and the China-Pakistan road, and have constructed a preliminary tectonic model for this orogenic belt. However, few studies have focused on the so-called Precambrian basement in this area. As a result, the tectonic affinity of the individual terranes of the WKOB and their detailed evolution process are uncertain. Here we report new field observations, zircon and monazite U-Pb ages of the "Precambrian basement" of the South Kunlun terrane(SKT) and the Tianshuihai terrane(TSHT), two major terranes in the WKOB. Based on new zircon U-Pb age data, the amphibolite-facies metamorphosed volcanosedimentary sequence within SKT was deposited during the late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian(600-500 Ma), and the flysch-affinity Tianshuihai Group, as the basement of the TSHT, was deposited during the late Neoproterozoic rather than Mesoproterozoic. The rock association of the volcano-sedimentary sequence within SKT suggests a large early Paleozoic accretionary wedge formed by the long-term lowangle southward subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between Tarim and TSHT. The amphibolitefacies metamorphism in SKT occurred at ca. 440 Ma. This ca. 440 Ma metamorphism is genetically related to the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between Tarim and the Tianshuihai terrane, which led to the assembly of Tarim to Eastern Gondwana and the final formation of the Gondwana. Since the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, the northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean along the HongshihuQiaoertianshan belt produced the voluminous early Mesozoic arc-signature granites along the southern part of NKT-TSHT. The Paleo-Tethys ocean between TSHT and Karakorum closed at ca. 200 Ma, as demonstrated by the monazite age of the paragneiss in the Kangxiwa Group. Our study does not favor the existence of a Precambrian basement in SKT.     

Deep seismic reflection profiling in the Archaean northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: implications for crustal architecture and mineral potential

Deep seismic reflection data across the Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, have provided information on its crustal architecture and on several of its highly mineralised belts. The seismic reflection data allow interpretation of several prominent crustal scale features, including an eastward thickening of the crust, subdivision of the crust into three broad layers, the presence of a prominent east dip to the majority of the reflections and the interpretation of three east-dipping crustal-penetrating shear zones. These east-dipping shear zones are major structures that subdivide the region into four terranes. Major orogenic gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province are spatially associated with these major structures. The Laverton Tectonic Zone, for example, is a highly mineralised corridor that contains several world-class gold deposits plus many smaller deposits. Other non crustal-penetrating structures within the area do not appear to be as well endowed metallogenically as the Laverton structure. The seismic reflection data have also imaged a series of low-angle shear zones within and beneath the granite–greenstone terranes. Where the low-angle shear zones intersect the major crustal-penetrating structures, a wedge shaped geometry is formed. This geometry forms a suitable fluid focusing wedge in which upward to subhorizontal moving fluids are focused and then distributed into the nearby complexly deformed greenstones.     

赣东加里东变质混合岩带金地球化学特征和地球化学行为

赣东加里东变质混合岩带 ,是以混合岩体为主体 ,受韧性剪切带控制的多相、多型、递增变质带 ,是受区域深构造控制的热变质带。该带产有茅排式金矿。通过对该带金地球化学特征和地球化学行为研究 ,认为带中金丰度 0 .83× 10 - 9,呈峰式分布 ,为对数及双对数正态分布型式 ,Au与主元素成分无关 ,与微量元素组合是Au -Zn -Li-Pb -Cs ,在韧性剪切过程中Au具活化迁移富集特点     

A rifted inside corner massif on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 5°S

The structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 5°S was investigated during a recent cruise with the FS Meteor. A major dextral transform fault (hereafter the 5°S FZ) offsets the ridge left-laterally by 80 km. Just south of the transform and to the west of the median valley, the inside corner (IC – the region bounded by the ridge and the active transform) is marked by a major massif, characterized by a corrugated upper surface. Fossil IC massifs can also be identified further to the west. Unusually, a massif almost as high as the IC massif also characterizes the outside corner (OC) south of the inactive fracture zone and to the east of the median valley. This OC massif has axis-parallel dimensions identical to the IC massif and both are bounded on their sides closest to the spreading axis by abrupt, steep slopes. An axial volcanic ridge is well developed in the median valley both south of the IC/OC massifs and in an abandoned rift valley to the east of the OC massif, but is absent along the new ridge-axis segment between the IC and OC massifs. Wide-angle seismic data show that between the massifs, the crust of the median valley thins markedly towards the FZ. These observations are consistent with the formation of the OC massif by the rifting of an IC core complex and the development of a new spreading centre between the IC and OC massifs. The split IC massif presents an opportunity to study the internal structure of the footwall of a detachment fault, from the corrugated fault surface to deeper beneath the fault, without recourse to drilling. Preliminary dredging recovered gabbros from the scarp slope of the rifted IC massif, and serpentinites and gabbros from the intersection of this scarp with the corrugated surface. This is compatible with a concentration of serpentinites along the detachment surface, even where the massif internally is largely plutonic in nature.     

热带扰动在大尺度经圈中的行为

在赤道β平面上经圈流的背景流场内,利用等值浅水模式来分析波动的不稳定性.结果显示,在经圈半地转假设下,扰动信号通过变性的Rossby波来传递.对于大洋西部,由于向极地方向经圈流的引入,赤道对称的扰动模态对所有的波数k都是不稳定的.对于大洋东部的向赤道流,对赤道对称的扰动却是稳定的.由于一般来讲,扰动倾向于对赤道对称,因此西边界的向极流,如黑潮,比东边界的向赤道流,如加尼福尼亚洋流,更易因扰动的不稳定而产生涡旋.     

成矿组分沉积同生富集的一种新机制:动态海水团的混合过程

海洋可以被分成若干特征各异的、运动着的海水团，各种海洋现象就源于海水团的运动和相互作用。分隔不同海水团的前锋面上的混合作用是促使成矿组分发生沉淀富集的地球化学障。在海水团前锋混合带上，成矿组分在沉积物中产生同生富集，结果生成沉积矿床或矿源层。这是一种在时间上广泛发生但又尚未被人们所认识的崭新机制。