吉黑东部斑岩型-浅成热液型铜金矿床多重成矿模型

通过四个典型矿床（小西南岔、闹枝、五凤和刺猬沟）的对比，发现它们在形成时间-空间一成因上既相互联系，又相互区别。小西南岔和闹枝矿床存在三个成矿流体系统：加热天水系统(A)、排放流体系统(B)、蒸气缕(steam plume)反应系统(C)；五凤和刺猬沟矿床只有一个成矿流体系统，即排放流体系统(B)。前者的成矿流体由浅成岩浆房的补给；后者的成矿流体主要为循环天水，浅成岩浆房的补给不明显。小西南岔金铜矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地边缘的隆起带，属于斑岩型矿床；闹枝金（铜）矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内的断隆块，属于斑岩-浅成热液过渡型矿床；五凤和刺猬沟金（银）矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内断裂带，属于浅成热液型矿床。在区域成矿上，由浅入深，浅成热液型斑岩-浅成热液过渡型和斑岩型构成多重成矿模型。     

软土深基坑支护技术中的若干土力学问题

评述了软土深基坑支护结构的现有设计方法，分析了墙的刚度和位移对土压力分布的影响，讨论了地下水对侧压力计算的影响、设计参数的测定与选取以及有限元计算中的一些问题，最后对支护结构的安全评价提出了建议。     

闽西震旦系上统变质火山岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造背景

福建西部震旦系上统变质火山岩属钙碱性系列。ＲＥＥ分布模式均呈向右倾斜的曲线，具Ｅｕ负异常，富集大离子系亲石元素和亏损地幔岩相容元素，（８６）Ｓｒ／（８７）Ｓｒ初始值０．７１０５～０．７１２６，显示陆壳重熔生成的岩浆特点。它们是在浙南－闽西北加里东期挤压碰增造山作用中陆壳重熔岩浆上升喷发产物。     

吉黑东部斑岩型－浅成热液型铜金矿床多重成矿模型

通过四个典型矿床（小西南岔、闹枝、五凤和刺猬沟）的对比，发现它们在形成时间－空间－成因上既相互联系，又相互区别。小西南岔和闹枝矿床存在三个成矿流体系统：加热天水系统（Ａ）、排放流体系统（Ｂ）、蒸气缕（ｓｔｅａｍｐｌｕｍｅ）反应系统（Ｃ）；五凤和刺猬沟矿床只有一个成矿流体系统，即排放流体系统（Ｂ）。前者的成矿流体由浅成岩浆房的补给；后者的成矿流体主要为循环天水，浅成岩浆房的补给不明显。小西南岔金铜矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地边缘的隆起带，属于斑岩型矿床；闹枝金（铜）矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内的断隆块，属于斑岩－浅成热液过渡型矿床；五凤和刺猬沟金（银）矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内断裂带，属于浅成熟液型矿床。在区域成矿上，由浅入深，浅成热液型斑岩－浅成热液过渡型和斑岩型构成多重成矿模型。     

微波辅助化学反应制备纳米高岭石

为提高高岭石比表面积、孔隙率和吸附容量，利用微波辅助化学反应制备了尿素-高岭石复合物，进一步微波辐射使层状高岭石完全剥离并粉碎，经分散后得到了纳米高岭石。利用傅立叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、X射线粉晶衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（硎）进行了过程中样品结构、形貌和尺寸方面的表征。结果表明：同等条件下，通过微波辅助剥离并粉碎层状高岭石，时间只需30min，约为单一球磨的1／20，分散后的纳米高岭石平均粒径约为150nm。     

利用灵山洞钟乳石中流体包裹体研究更新世古环境

流体包裹体在喀斯特溶洞化学沉积物中广泛分布,这些在化学沉积过程中所形成的流体包裹体蕴藏着大量的古环境演化和气候变迁的重要信息。通过采集杭州灵山洞中更新世形成的钟乳石样品,对不同纹圈中流体包裹体进行测定,研究流体包裹体的特征,利用不混溶气-水包裹体中最大密度判别和计算方法确定六个纹圈中精确的形成温度和压力;根据气-水-岩化学反应平衡热力学方法,计算出 CO_2成分浓度和古地下水中 pH 值及钟乳石样品形成过程中的 CaCO_3饱和度等。揭示了杭州地区更新纪古环境演化规律。     

榍石：U－Pb定年及变质P－T－t轨迹的建立

榍石在各类岩石中普遍存在，其稳定性受全岩成分、氧逸度和水活度以及温度和压力等因素影响。它在岩浆岩中主要存在于高Ca/Al比值的岩石中，在变质岩中常见于绿片岩相、蓝片岩相和角闪岩相岩石，在钙质变质岩中其稳定范围可达榴辉岩相或高压麻粒岩相。一般榍石结构中U含量较高，且具有高达高角闪岩相上限的U Pb同位素体系封闭温度，是理想的U-Pb定年矿物。由于榍石的组成元素均为岩石中的主要元素，很容易与其它矿物、熔体及流体发生反应，所以榍石的U-Pb年龄记录的更可能是结晶年龄，而不是简单的扩散重置年龄；也因为它容易反应，变质榍石复杂的U Pb体系可能记录了岩石的整个变质历史信息。通过与榍石平衡共生的矿物组合或利用榍石Zr温压计可确定岩石的P T条件，结合相关的榍石年龄信息即可建立变质过程的P T t轨迹。利用SHRIMP、LA MC ICP MS以及LA ICP MS方法可对不均一榍石颗粒内部进行原位微区分析得到有意义的U Pb年龄；利用榍石中Zr含量对温度，尤其是对压力比较敏感，可建立榍石Zr含量温压计。     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

钾长石分解反应热力学与过程评价

综述了添加各种助剂分解钾长石的研究进展。对不同体系中钾长石分解反应的G ibbs自由能和能耗计算,综合考虑一次性资源、能源消耗量和烧结过程的环境相容性、产品方案等因素,结果表明:只有以石灰石、碳酸钠为配料的工艺路线具有实际工业应用价值;而唯有以碳酸钠为配料时,钾长石原料烧结过程才具有一次性资源消耗量最少、能耗最低、温室气体CO2排放量最小、且可生产高附加值产品、实现完全清洁生产等优点。因此,选择以碳酸钠为配料分解钾长石的技术路线,具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

Ordovician igneous and metamorphic units in southeastern Puna: New U–Pb and Sm–Nd data and implications for the evolution of northwestern Argentina

New field, petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data (U–Pb and Sm–Nd) for Ordovician rock units in the southeastern Puna, NW Argentina, indicate two lithostratigraphic units at the eastern–northeastern border of salar Centenario: (1) a bimodal volcanosedimentary sequence affected by low- to medium-grade metamorphism, comprising metasediments associated with basic and felsic metavolcanic rocks, dated 485 ± 5 Ma, and (2) a plutonic unit composed of syenogranites to quartz-rich leucogranites with U–Pb zircon ages between 462 ± 7 and 475 ± 5 Ma. Felsic metavolcanic and plutonic rocks are peraluminous and show similar geochemical differentiation trends. They also have similar Sm–Nd isotopic compositions (T_DM model ages of 1.54–1.78 Ga; ε_Nd(T) values ranging from −3.2 to −7.5) that suggest a common origin and derivation of the original magmas from older (Meso-Paleoproterozoic?) continental crust. Mafic rocks show ε_Nd(T) ranging from +2.3 to +2.5, indicating a depleted mantle source. The data presented here, combined with those in the literature, suggest Ordovician magmatism mainly recycles preexisting crust with minor additions of juvenile mantle-derived material.