Geochemistry of mafic rocks and melt inclusions and their implications for the heat source of the 14.0°S hydrothermal field,South Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Fresh rocks sampled from the 14.0°S hydrothermal field of the South Atlantic Ridge can be divided into two categories： olivine-gabbro and basalt. The olivine-gabbro is composed mainly of three types of minerals： olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, while a multitude of melt inclusions occur in the plagioclase phenocrysts of the basalts. We analyzed the whole-rock, major and trace elements contents of the basaks, the mineral chemistry of phenocrysts and melt inclusions in the basalts, and the mineral chemistry of olivine-clinopyroxene-plagioclase in the olivine-gabbro, then simulated magma evolution within the crust using the COMAGMAT program. The whole-rock geochemistry shows that all the basalts exhibit typical N-MORB characteristics. In addition, the mineral chemistry characteristics of the olivine-gabbro （low-Fo olivine, low-Mg# clinopyroxene, high-TiO2 clinopyroxene, low-An plagioclase）, show that strong magma differentiation occurred within the crust. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies between those minerals and phenocrysts in the basalts （high-Fo olivine, high-An plagioclase） reflect the heterogeneity of magma differentiation. High Mg# （-~0.72） melt inclusions isobaric partial crystallization simulations suggest that the magma differentiation occurred at the depth shallower than 13.03 km below the seafloor, and both the vertical differentiation column shows distinct discrepancies from that of a steady-state magma chamber. Instead, a series of independent magma intrusions probably occurred within the crust, and their corresponding crystallized bodies, as the primary high-temperature thermal anomalies within the off-axis crust, probably act as the heat source for the development of the 14.0°S hydrothermal system.     

Mineral characteristics and their geological significance of black shales in southeastern Ordos Basin by X-ray diffraction analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of black shale of Upper Triassic Member Chang 7 of the Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin showed that black shales were deposited in brackish, strongly reducing, semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies, and mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, carbonate （dolomite）, clay minerals （illite and il- lite/smectite） and a certain amount of pyrite. The mineral composition characteristics of this set of black shales are similar to those of highly productive shale gas in North America, for example shallow burial, low clay mineral and abundant brittle mineral, so the strata are conducive to the development of cracks and fractures. Thus, this area is favorable for shale oil/gas exploration and development.     

A Spore-Pollen Assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Tamutsag Basin,Mongolia and Its Geological Implication

Based on the palynological data from Well Ta-19-36 and Well Ta-19-37 in the Ta'nan Sag, and Well Ta-22-1 and Well Ta-21-1 in the Bayin Gobi Sag, a spore-pollen assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation is named as Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus- Aequitriradites spinulosus-Protopinus sp. assemblage in the Tamutsag Basin, Mongolia. The assemblage is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores, counted 46.35%–65.57% and 34.43%–52.58% in percentage respectively. Among the gymnosperm pollen, Pinuspollenites sp.(2.66%–16.94%), Protopinus sp.(0–11.38%) and Protopicea sp.(0–10.81%) are dominant; and Alisporites sp., Cerebropollenites sp., Podocarpidites sp., and Abietineaepollenites sp. are common. Some important elements, such as Chasmatosporites sp., Callialasporites prominulus, Parvisaccites sp., Parcisporites sp., Jiaohepollis cf. annulatus, J. bellus, J. verus, Polycingulatisporites sp., Schizaeoisporites certus, Classopollis annulatus are seen. Within the fern spores, Osmundacidites wellamanii(0.85%–4.93%), Appendicisporites sp.(0–4.45%), Baculatisporites comaumensis(0.80%–2.87%), Cicatricosisporites sp.(0.51%–2.66%), C. minor(0–2.14%), Foraminisporis asymmetricus(0–2.40%), Aequitriradites sp.(0– 2.19%) and Cyathidites minor(0–2.13%) are dominant; and some specie of Densoisporites, Cooksonites, Impardecispora, Pilosisporites, Schizaeosprites, Fixisporites, Leptolepidites, Trilobosporites, Kuylisporites, Klukisporites, Hsuisporites, Couperisporites, Maculatisporites are seen. The angiosperm pollen are rare in the assemblage, characterized by Clavatipollenites sp.(0–0.80%) and Songipollis sp.(0–0.27%). The geological age of the Damoguaihe Formation is assigned to Hauterivian – Barremian of Early Cretaceous according to the palynological data, due to the fact that there existed a lot of diverse spores of the family Schizaeaceae and prosperous gymnosperm saccat pollen which the corpus and sacci are differentiated completely, and the presence of early angiosperm pollen of Clavatipollenites. However, the zircon U-Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic rocks in the Nantun Formation indicated that the overlying strata of the Nantun Formation, i.e. the Damoguaihe Formation must be younger than 127.0±2.0–137.9±1.5 Ma. This is consistent with the palynological data. Furthermore, the vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the Damoguaihe Formation is conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, belonging to the semi-humid or humid middle to south subtropical climate. Moreover, three new species, namely Biretisporites punctatus sp. nov., Chasmatosporites reticulates sp. nov. and Concentrisporites contractus sp. nov. are described here.     

Effects of Lateral Variation in Vegetation and Basin ‘Dome’ Shape on Tropical Lowland Peat Stabilisation in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya Area, West Sarawak, Malaysia

Field surveys indicate lateral variation in peat humification levels （von Post） in dominantly occurring fibric,fibric to hemic,sapric and hemie to sapric peats across a gradient from the margin towards the centre of tropical lowland peat domes.Cement-peat stabilisation can be enhanced by adding mineral soil fillers （silt,clays and fine sands） obtained from Quaternary floodplain deposits and residual soil （weathered schist）.The unconfined compressive strength （UCS） of the stabilised cement-mineral soil fifler-peat mix increases with the increased addition of selected mineral soil filler.Lateral variation in the stabilised peat strength （UCS） in the top 0 to 0.5 m layer was found from the margin towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome.The variations in the UCS of stabilised tropical lowland peats along a gradient from the periphery towards the centre of the peat dome are most likely caused by a combination of factors due to variations in the mineral soil or ash content of the peat and horizontal zonation or lateral variation in the dominant species of the plant assemblages （due to successive vegetation zonation of the peat swamp forest from the periphery towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome）.     

广西锰矿资源特征及保障程度分析

锰矿是广西的优势矿产之一,查明的资源储量位列全国第一,且资源保障程度高、分布高度集中、开发潜力大.文章根据新一轮重要矿产资源利用现状调查成果,分析了广西锰矿资源禀赋特征和开发利用现状,对锰矿资源的需求及保障程度进行研究.为保障广西锰业的持续和健康发展,提出对锰矿资源实行统一规划,强化矿产资源管理,实行保护性开采,延长锰产业链;对氧化锰矿的开采进行宏观调控,开展资源富集区深部碳酸锰矿勘查,加强低品位碳酸锰矿的可选性试验研究;适当增加进口优质锰矿与国产锰矿搭配使用.     

福建漳浦东山地热田基本特征及成因分析

漳浦东山地热田属于中低温地热田Π-2类型,热储呈带状分布,受地形、地层岩性、地质构造等因素影响。地下热水贮存于北东向与北西向断裂的复合部位,控制的可开采量338m3/d,推断的可开采量485m3/d,水温78℃,水质类型为HCO3-·SO42-1—Na＋型,pH值7.40～7.56,偏硅酸含量112.52～117.3mg/L,F离子含量10.99～12.85mg/L,可命名为氟水、硅水,达到理疗热矿水水质标准。     

几种低空高精度航空磁测系统及找矿应用分析

航空磁法测量在地质矿产勘查领域有着广泛深入的应用,特别是寻找在与磁性矿物有关的金属矿床勘查中发挥着重要的作用。但是大飞机的航磁和地面人工磁测资料已难以满足矿产勘查工作的需求,为此,近几年国内迅速发展一种新型的磁法测量手段—低空高分辨磁法测量系统。这种系统以动力滑翔机、无人飞艇或无人飞机为飞行平台,集成了当前先进的磁测仪器及相关的软件技术,并多个地区开展了1∶1万高分辨率的低空磁法测量工作,取得了较好的方法运用效果,经对比分析,这种低空磁测资料可以替代传统地面磁法测量,快速而有效地开展高精度大面积的磁法测量,为矿产勘查提供一种先进的技术手段。     

河南省侵入岩构造单元的划分及其特征

河南省岩浆活动显示多期活动的特征,侵入岩较发育,占全省基岩出露面积的23.5%以上,岩石类型齐全,与其有成生联系的矿产资源丰富。文章参考潜力评价全国构造侵入岩带的总体划分方案,结合河南省岩浆岩分布特征、岩石类型、岩石组合及岩浆岩的演化规律,划分出2个构造侵入岩省、5个构造侵入岩带、12个构造侵入岩亚带、进一步划分出22个构造侵入岩段,并对其基本特征及与成矿关系进行总结。     

地理学视角下非物质文化遗产的跨地方实践

非物质文化遗产不仅是来源于过去的特定区域的传统实践,更是生成于全球化体系中面向未来的现代文化政治和文化经济过程。因此,本文尝试以跨地方性理论为切入点,架构非遗的形成、运作和认同的社会—空间过程,在此基础上使用跨地方聚合的思想重新概念化非遗实践,将其解读为多元主体权力关系中介下,由跨地方异质性要素聚合而成的不稳定的开放系统,以区别于固有对非遗实践“稳定”“以人为中心”和“边界化”的认知。通过分析云南鹤庆银器锻制技艺和摩梭纺织技艺两个案例来呈现非遗实践作为跨地方聚合的过程及特性,以及非遗传承和保护由此所面对的机遇和挑战,呼吁在重视非遗服务于乡村振兴等发展战略的潜力时,要进一步认识非遗实践的跨地方性对本土社区的影响,反思遗产原真性和文化价值与当前非遗实践的关系,强调在非遗全球化生产和消费中保持其与本土认同和本土生计之间的关联。     

粘土矿物的提取、鉴定及其古气候意义——以柴达木盆地怀头他拉剖面为例

沉积物中粘土矿物类型主要有自生粘土矿物和碎屑粘土矿物。其中,自生粘土矿物含量较少,是在沉积环境中形成,可能是沉积再循环或成岩作用的产物,可作为沉积环境某方面的指示标志;而碎屑粘土矿物是母岩风化的产物,受沉积环境影响较小,能够有效示踪物源区化学风化过程,进而反映古气候变化。近年来利用碎屑粘土矿物特征来重建物源区古气候的方法得到了广泛的应用。然而,由于粘土矿物主要存在于<2 μm硅酸盐粘粒中,粘土矿物的提取、鉴定比较困难,且自生粘土矿物易受沉积环境等的影响。因此,在利用粘土矿物重建古气候变化时,需慎重选择粘土矿物的提取方法,并考虑物源和沉积环境变化以及成岩作用等对粘土矿物解释的影响。本文以柴达木盆地东北缘怀头他拉剖面硅酸盐粘土矿物的提取、鉴定及其古环境指示意义为例,介绍粘土矿物的提取及应用,为后期粘土矿物研究提供参考。