渭南黄土剖面十五万年以来的主要地层界线和气候事件──年代学方面的证据

本文在渭南黄土剖面所测得的年龄结果和时间标尺研究的基础上,结合粒度、磁化率等气候曲线的分析,对该剖面十五万年以来一些主要地层界线和气候事件的年龄进行了初步讨论,结果如下：1）S1/L2界线位于剖面1180cm处,从时间标尺上可知其年龄为128800aB.p.,同末次间冰期起始的年龄相一致;2）L1/S1的地层界线年龄为74220aB.P.,同SPECMAP曲线中末次间冰期的结束年龄相吻合;3）渭南剖面所指示的末次盛冰期约在20000～18000aB.P.之间;4）在20000～18000aB.P.之间的末次盛冰期,有一段不足1000a的快速堆积期,其堆积速率是中国黄土平均堆积速率的10倍以上。     

Inhomogeneous distribution of deep slow earthquake activity along the strike of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate

The spatial distribution of deep slow earthquake activity along the strike of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate in southwest Japan is investigated. These events usually occur simultaneously between the megathrust seismogenic zone and the deeper free-slip zone on the plate interface at depths of about 30 km. Deep low-frequency tremors are weak prolonged vibrations with dominant frequencies of 1.5–5 Hz, whereas low-frequency earthquakes correspond to isolated pulses included within the tremors. Deep very-low-frequency earthquakes have long-period (20 s) seismic signals, and short-term slow-slip events are crustal deformations lasting for several days. Slow earthquake activity is not spatially homogeneous but is separated into segments some of which are bounded by gaps in activity. The spatial distribution of each phase of slow earthquake activity is usually coincident, although there are some inconsistencies. Very-low-frequency earthquakes occur mainly at edges of segments. Low-frequency earthquakes corresponding to tremors of relatively large amplitude are concentrated at spots where tremors are densely distributed within segments. The separation of segments by gaps suggests large differences in stick-slip and stable sliding caused by frictional properties of the plate interface. Within each segment, variations in the spatial distribution of slow earthquakes reflected inhomogeneities corresponding to the characteristic scales of events.     

The structural evolution of the southern Apuan Alps: new constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Northern Apennines (Italy)Évolution structurale des Apuanes méridionales : nouvelles contraintes sur l'évolution tectonique des Apennins septentrionaux (Italie)

Structural analysis performed in the southern sector of the Apuan Alps Metamorphic Complex (AAMC) and on the overlaying Tuscan Nappe (TN) pointed out a structural evolution much more complex than that outlined till now. The comparison between the structural evolutions of the two tectonic units could provide new important constraints on the tectonic evolution of the whole belt. The two tectonic units recorded different tectonic evolution during the first stages of compression, while they shared the same deformation history later after the Tuscan Nappe overlapped the AAMC. The coupled tectonic units have been then deformed by two systems of folds, in a compressive tectonic regime. Extensional tectonics affected the units later, at upper crustal levels. To cite this article: R. Carosi et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 339–346.     

末次冰消期东亚季风区西北缘气候快速变化事件

通过对中卫剖面和米浪沟湾剖面的年代学与高分辨率气候地层记录的研究,认为末次冰消期东亚季风区西北缘发生气候快速变化事件,它可分辨出古仙女木、波令、老仙女木、阿勒鲁德、IACP和新仙女木等6个气候阶段,并可与格陵兰冰心(GISP2)检出的6个气候阶段相对比。气候快速变化事件以快速变化、不稳定、多波动为特征,表现为冷干-暖湿-冷干-凉湿-暖干-冷干-冷湿的交替变化。冰消期冬、夏季风有较为复杂的消长关系,冰阶时二者互为消长,间冰阶时并不完全互为消长。冬季风在波令和阿勒鲁德暖期较新仙女木冷期强盛,这是北半球高纬度海区海冰面积在暖期缩小、冷期扩大而影响亚洲大陆蒙古一西伯利亚高压暖期增强、冷期减弱的结果;夏季风则与格陵兰冰心δ^18O的变化具有一致性,其强弱与北半球高纬地区有紧密联系,这种联系可能不是通过季风锋面降水带建立起来的,而可能是海冰面积变化导致厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)爆发造成的。     

微地震台阵网天然地震层析成像技术在油田深层构造解析中的应用

天然地震层析成像相对于传统的反射地震方法而言是一种新的经济的勘探方法。这是由于天然地震层析成像所需的观测值直接来自于研究区下方发生的天然微地震,而反射地震却需要在研究区表面进行人工放炮。因此本工作是将天然地震层析成像方法应用于柴达木盆地西部某油田约100km^2地区的深层构造的尝试性研究。626个地震事件的3289个P波到时的初步结果与研究区已知的大的构造吻合较好。该模型中非常显著的特征就是观测到一个北西向的背斜。此外,微地震的分布也与研究区中活动断裂带的位置基本一致。     

Geochronological and isotopical review of pre-Devonian crustal basement of the Colombian Andes

Under the flatlands east of the Andes, the crustal basement is exposed in a few places, composed mainly of the Mitú migmatitic complex and the Parguaza granite, whose ages range between 1.78 and 1.45 Ga. Extensive outcrops of high-grade metamorphic rocks are found in several places. Two metamorphisms are dated between 1.2–1.1 and 1.0–0.9 Ga. They are considered blocks that formed during the Grenville orogeny and have Sm–Nd T_DM model ages of 1.87–1.47. The Andaquí terrane is formed mainly by the Garzón Massif, composed of granulites, migmatites, and granites, and the metamorphic rocks of the Sierra de la Macarena, which are covered by undeformed Cambrian sediments. It is believed that after the Grenville orogeny, this unit remained attached to the Amazonic Craton. All the other areas grouped in the Chibcha terrane, though they formed during the Grenville orogeny, are believed to have remained either as part of another continental block or dispersed islands to be amalgamated to the Amazonic Craton during the Lower Paleozoic orogeny, which in the Quetame Massif is dated between the Silurian and Devonian and is named the Quetame orogenic event.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的峰值年龄及其沉积响应

通过锆石-磷灰石裂变径迹的峰值年龄与地层不整合事件的综合分析,提供了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的年代学约束及其沉积响应特点。印支期构造事件主要发生在230~190Ma,包含215Ma±和195Ma±两个峰值年龄,在盆地西南缘发育晚3叠世粗碎屑类磨拉石建造。燕山期构造事件主要发生在燕山中晚期的150~85Ma,包含145Ma±、120Ma±和95Ma±3个峰值年龄,在盆地西南缘发育燕山中期的芬芳河组和志丹群的粗碎屑类磨拉石建造。喜山期构造事件主要发生在65~5Ma,包含55Ma±、25Ma±和5Ma±3个峰值年龄。其中,锆石和磷灰石叠合分布的峰值年龄(145Ma±),指示了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代的一次关键性构造变革事件。     

一种本体驱动的地理空间事件相关信息自动检索方法

区别于传统的地理信息检索仅利用关键词进行匹配和查询的机制,以地理空间事件为纽带,提出一种由本体驱动的、与该地理空间事件相关的信息自动检索方法,实现用户仅仅需要了解地理空间事件发生的基本信息就可以从海量地理信息数据库中智能地提取与该地理空间事件相关的信息,并提供检索的个性化支持,以便用户主动、自动检索这些信息,简化用户获取信息的过程,减少因用户对信息组织方式、软件应用模式不了解造成的繁琐操作,提高检索效率。     

SSJ数字式地震事件记录器

本文介绍了一种用于地震观测的三分向数字式地震事件记录器。采用半导体存储器延迟信号,短时间平均器与长时间平均器对输入信号积分。用事件比较器比较两个输出,当超过给定的阈值时,事件比较器输出电压使自动离合机构工作,同时启动数字磁带机。采样频率有80Hz和40Hz两档,相应的信号延迟时间分别为5.12s和10.24s。观测结果表明,适当选择触发阈值,可将虚警率降低。这种记录器体积小,功耗低,适用于单台观测。     

胶-辽-吉构造带中段古元古代辽河群早期构造事件(D_1)中构造要素几何学特征及其动力学来源

华北克拉通东部陆块中胶-辽-吉构造带在古元古代经历了复杂的变形-变质-岩浆事件。前人工作中,对于辽河群早期构造事件(D_1)的形成背景还存在较大的争议。本文针对辽河群第一期变形(D_1)中产生的各种构造要素,进行了详细的野外构造解析工作。D_1中构造要素主要包括了透入性面理S_1、褶皱F_1及其剪切带SZ_1。其中变泥质岩透入性S1面理劈理域主要由石英、云母、长石和石榴子石等矿物定向排列组成,矿物组合显示了绿片岩相变质作用。F_1褶皱包含了紧闭褶皱、倒转褶皱、鞘褶皱和平卧褶皱等。与D_1相关构造要素的几何学及其运动学特征都指示了D_1形成于挤压环境的动力学背景。此外,研究区辽河群内不仅可以观察到大量的倒转地层,还可见与第一期构造事件(D_1)相关的逆冲断层及其断层相关褶皱,同样指示了D_1形成于挤压环境。结合区域上变质作用和岩浆作用的资料,本研究认为:(1)南、北辽河群中泥质岩及其基性岩都经历了顺时针的P-T-t演化轨迹,M_2变质级别达到了中压环境,过程与地壳的挤压增厚相关,而不是与裂谷过程的低压变质作用相关;(2)花岗岩和基性岩的地球化学和年代学特征显示了胶-辽-吉构造带中段古元古代经历了俯冲作用的影响。综上,辽河群早期构造事件(D_1)受到俯冲挤压的影响,形成于俯冲(造山)背景。