西秦岭天水地区太白花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

秦岭造山带南缘勉略构造带北侧发育有近东西向展布的印支期花岗岩带,位于甘肃徽县地区的太白岩体是该花岗岩类的一部分。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄表明,太白岩体的形成时代为221.8Ma±1.5Ma,属于印支期晚期。主要岩石类型为灰白色—肉红色中细粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。地球化学特征表明,太白岩体属于准铝质—弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素总量ΣREE为79.0×10-6~194×10-6,稀土元素配分模式呈轻稀土元素强烈富集、重稀土元素相对亏损的右倾型,Eu负异常明显;高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、P、Ti、Y、Yb和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr强烈亏损。太白岩体是以中基性岩石为主的壳源物质部分熔融形成的岩浆上升侵位形成的,且处于同碰撞（挤压环境）向后碰撞（伸展环境）转化阶段,为后造山期花岗岩,是扬子板块和华北板块全面碰撞导致增厚下地壳物质部分熔融的产物。     

金川超镁铁质岩体LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄

对金川(超)镁铁质岩体中的锆石进行了阴极发光(CL)成像观察,按特征将其分为碎屑锆石、岩浆锆石和具有重结晶生长边的变质锆石三类。应用LA-ICPMS对锆石微区U-Pb年龄和微量元素进行了测定,测得碎屑锆石不一致年龄较老,为(2692±160)Ma,可能代表岩体侵入时经过的围岩年龄;岩浆锆石获得谐和线年龄807Ma,可能是金川的成岩年龄;测得变质锆石的年龄为200 Ma,代表较晚的一次变质年龄。岩浆锆石的微量元素Th、U及Th/U特征显示其岩浆成因,并晶出于同一岩浆系统。     

八达岭花岗岩的年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

八达岭花岗岩基是由不同时代、不同类型的花岗岩侵入体组成的,对八达岭花岗岩中的黄花城花岗斑岩、分水岭北西花岗岩和铁炉子二长花岗岩的岩石学、岩相学、地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年代学研究的结果表明,铁炉子二长花岗岩具有高Sr (312×10-6)、低Yb(0.98×10-6)和高Sr/Yb值(318),属于埃达克型花岗岩,其侵位年龄137Ma;黄花城花岗斑岩具低Sr (193×10-6)、低Yb (1.43×10-6)的特征,属喜马拉雅型花岗岩,其侵位年龄为133Ma;分水岭花岗岩Sr含量很低(10.2×10-6)、低Yb (0.98×10-6)、贫铝(Al2O3=13.66％),且REE图上具明显的负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.32),属于南岭型花岗岩,侵位年龄为128.5Ma.研究表明,137Ma的埃达克型花岗岩代表了中国东部高原存续的时间,133Ma的喜马拉雅型花岗岩指示高原可能开始垮塌了,而128Ma的南岭型花岗岩表明高原已经垮塌了.因此,八达岭花岗岩不同类型花岗岩的时代及其Sr、Yb特征可能反映了中国东部高原北部经历了从形成到垮塌的全过程.     

张八岭地区岩群出露年代研究

暴露岩石中宇生核素的浓度与暴露年代、侵蚀速率相关,暴露年代和侵蚀速率可相互求证,但两者均为未知数时,可求算出最大侵蚀速率和最小暴露年代。据此得出张八岭地区的最大侵蚀速率为7 12m/Ma,最小暴露年代为(85700±1500)a,这一年代远小于统一夷平面的形成年代(7～3 6Ma),造成这种差距的主要原因是:①张八岭地区侵蚀速率大,岩石中宇生核素的浓度较早达到平衡,即达到该地区的测年上限;②采样地区曾被土壤覆盖,造成计算年代值过于年轻。     

A Spectral Approach for Determining Altimeter Wind Speed Model Functions

We propose a new analytical algorithm for the estimation of wind speeds from altimeter data using the mean square slope of the ocean surface, which is obtained by integration of a widely accepted wind-wave spectrum including the gravity-capillary wave range. It indicates that the normalized radar cross section depends not only on the wind speed but also on the wave age. The wave state effect on the altimeter radar return becomes remarkable with increasing wind speed and cannot be neglected at high wind speeds. A relationship between wave age and nondimensional wave height based on buoy observational data is applied to compute the wave age using the significant wave height of ocean waves, which could be simultaneously obtained from altimeter data. Comparison with actual data shows that this new algorithm produces more reliable wind speeds than do empirical algorithms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Transport timescales for identifying seasonal variation in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia

A three-dimensional σ-coordinate ocean model with realistic forcing is used to derive and compare flushing time, residence time and water age distributions in Bass Strait, a broad shallow shelf sea in south-eastern Australia which exhibits seasonal variation in water mass properties and circulation. Results illustrate flushing out of most old water occurs each winter–spring period and the circulation in summer increases age of remnant older water in the Strait. A correlation between water age and salinity is found in winter which is the result of advective “erosion” of the interior water mass. The presence of an area in the south-eastern part of the interior with low flushing is suggested to result from a number of physical factors including the presence of quasi-stationary eddies which entrain age, leading to relatively older water residing there.     

EPR 9°～10°N L喷口黑烟囱体形成环境重建:来自矿物学及铅-210年龄的限制

为了重建EPR 9°～10°N L喷口的形成环境,采用矿物学、地球化学及年代学的方法,对黑烟囱体的矿物组成、矿物结构、元素剖面分布以及黑烟囱体内外层铅-210测年进行了研究.矿物学观察表明,该喷口烟囱体内壁主要由方黄铜矿组成,而外壁则主要由硬石膏组成.铅-210测年结果表明,烟囱体形成于EPR 9°～10°N区域内1991年的火山喷发事件之后,并有较低的生长速率,约为0.3 cm/a.结合该喷口及其附近A喷口已发表资料认为,该烟囱体开始生长是由于蒸气相流体引起的,其后期受到卤水相流体的影响,而且流体温度应不小于330℃.