中亚造山带东部岩浆热液矿床时空分布特征及其构造背景

中亚造山带东部是古亚洲洋构造域、鄂霍茨克洋构造域和古太平洋构造域复合叠加区域,矿产资源丰富。本文收集2000—2014年公开发表文献中岩浆热液矿床约1 200个同位素年龄数据,整理出201个较为可靠的年龄数据,通过数字化编图,揭示成矿的时空分布特征及形成背景。结果显示:中亚造山带东部成矿作用始于寒武纪,出现6个重要成矿期:510~473、373~330、320~253、250~210、210~167、155~100 Ma。510~473 Ma(峰值507 Ma),矿床主要分布在大兴安岭—小兴安岭—张广才岭和北山地区,零星发育热液脉型和斑岩型铁铜金钨矿床,与古亚洲洋开始俯冲及微陆块碰撞拼合有关。373~330 Ma(峰值372Ma),矿床主要分布在南蒙古奥尤陶勒盖地区,发育超大型斑岩型铜金矿床,形成于古亚洲洋俯冲环境。320~253 Ma,矿床主要分布在大兴安岭南段,发育少量斑岩型铜矿床和造山型金矿床;其中,298 Ma在大兴安岭南段首次出现以钼为主的斑岩型矿床,指示该区板块俯冲增生向拼贴转变逐渐过渡。250~210 Ma(峰值244 Ma),在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带东侧额尔古纳—中蒙古地块主要形成斑岩型铜矿床,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲有关;以东地区,主要在大兴安岭南段和辽远地块形成斑岩型钼矿床,在张广才岭发育岩浆熔离型铜镍矿床,反映了古亚洲洋闭合后伸展环境。210~167 Ma(峰值170 Ma),在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带西侧乌兰巴托西北部发育造山型-斑岩型金矿床,其东侧额尔古纳地区形成斑岩型铜钼矿床,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲碰撞有关;在吉黑东部—张广才岭—小兴安岭—大兴安岭,发育斑岩型钼铜矿床和矽卡岩型铅锌钨金矿床组合,可能属于古太平洋板块向西俯冲成矿体系。155~100 Ma(峰值136 Ma),中亚造山带东部整体处于伸展环境;其中,155~120 Ma在额尔古纳地区主要发育浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿床和造山型金矿床,大兴安岭北段发育斑岩型钼矿床,可能反映了额尔古纳地区和大兴安岭北段受蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋碰撞后伸展环境控制,而在吉黑东部形成浅成低温热液型金矿床,大兴安岭南段发育热液脉型-矽卡岩型锡矿床,可能受古太平洋板块向北俯冲弧后伸展的控制;120~100 Ma沿着华北克拉通和佳蒙陆块边缘发育浅成低温热液型-斑岩型金钼矿床。本研究综合岩浆热液矿床时空分布和矿床类型,进一步揭示了古亚洲洋构造域控制中亚造山带东部古生代成矿作用持续到晚二叠世(到早三叠世),并在晚三叠世叠加古太平洋构造域成矿体系,而额尔古纳—中蒙古地块成矿作用在三叠纪开始主要受蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋构造域限定,并持续到早白垩世早期。     

东昆仑南缘韧性剪切带变形特征及其形成时代的限定

中生代巴彦喀拉-松潘甘孜地体向东昆仑地体斜向俯冲,在东昆仑南缘形成一条巨型的韧性剪切带。剪切带中发育的旋转碎斑、书斜构造、解理阶步、云母鱼、S-C组构、不对称褶皱、雁列脉等宏微观构造,显示剪切带兼具右行和左行的特征,且右行早于左行剪切,但总体以左行剪切为主。对西大滩糜棱岩化花岗岩和小南川未变形花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年,西大滩岩体侵位于199.3±2.2Ma,小南川岩体形成于196.4±1.3Ma。西大滩与小南川岩体中的锆石为典型的岩浆锆石,其年龄代表了岩体侵位的时代。鉴于2个岩体的变形程度完全不同,东昆仑南缘在199~196Ma之间发生了左行韧性剪切。     

祁漫塔格东段晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

祁漫塔格东段拉陵高里河地区晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩组合为高SiO_2(72.18%~76.55%)、高K_2O(4.08%~5.32%)的碱性花岗岩组合,具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu平均值为0.28)。岩石组合为二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩,采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩的年龄分别为205.1±1.0Ma和199.5±1.2Ma。该套花岗岩组合与拉陵高里河地区的矽卡岩型多金属矿关系密切,初步确定祁漫塔格地区晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩组合也是一期重要的成矿岩浆建造。     

湖北随州黑龙潭金矿石英Rb-Sr同位素年龄及其地质意义

通过矿物流体包裹体Rb-Sr同位素测年,获得鄂北黑龙潭金矿石英Rb-Sr等时线年龄为132.6±2.7Ma,表明该金矿床形成于早白垩世中期。矿石石英中流体包裹体Sr同位素初始比(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i平均值为0.710798,小于陆源硅酸盐的值(0.720),高于地幔Sr的初始值(0.707),暗示成矿物质来源于壳幔混合。结合各类岩矿石Au丰度变化,S、Pb、H、O等同位素组成,以及稀土和微量元素特征、成矿流体等研究,认为该矿床的形成可能与燕山期持续伸展阶段大规模构造-岩浆活动有关,燕山期中酸性岩浆活动为金矿成矿提供了主要矿源和热源。     

滇西南澜沧江带红豆山铜矿花岗斑岩地质地球化学特征及成岩时代

南澜沧江火山弧带红豆山花岗斑岩属于过铝质钾玄岩性S型花岗岩,SiO_2含量为71.1%~74.4%,全碱含量高(K_2O+Na_2O=8.4%~9.4%),富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=3.9~5.0),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.06~1.21;具轻稀土元素富集特征,负Eu异常(δ Eu=0.53~0.74);相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、Th、U等),但亏损Sr、P、Ti等元素。地球化学特征表明,红豆山花岗斑岩具火山弧花岗岩与同碰撞花岗岩的特征,为活动大陆边缘弧的产物。红豆山花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为220.3±3.6Ma,形成于晚三叠世。红豆山花岗斑岩的地球化学特征和形成时代与小定西组基性火山岩非常相似,两者是同一期岩浆活动不同阶段的产物。     

Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD) of snow‐avalanche impact ramparts in southern Norway: approaches,results and implications for landform age,dynamics and development

Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD) was applied to the problem of dating the diachronous surfaces of five distal river‐bank boulder ramparts deposited by snow avalanches plunging into the Jostedøla and Sprongdøla rivers in the Jostedalsbreen region of southern Norway. Approaches to local high‐precision linear age calibration, which controlled in different ways for boulder roundness, were developed. The mean age (SHD_mean) and the maximum age (SHD_max) of surface boulders were estimated for whole ramparts, crests and distal fringes. Interpretation was further assisted by reference to R‐value distributions. SHD_mean ages (with 95% confidence intervals) ranged from 520 ± 270 years to 5375 ± 965 years, whereas SHD_max ages (expected to be exceeded by <5% of surface boulders) ranged from 675 to 9065 years. SHD ages from the Jostedøla ramparts tended to be older than those associated with the Sprongdøla, rampart crests were younger than the respective distal fringes, and use of relatively rounded boulders yielded more consistent SHD ages than angular boulders. The SHD_mean ages indicate differences in recent levels of snow‐avalanche activity between ramparts and provide insights into rampart dynamics as boulders are deposited on rampart crests and, in smaller numbers, on the distal fringes. SHD_max ages provide minimum age estimates of rampart age (i.e. the time elapsed since the ramparts began to form) and suggest that at least some of the ramparts have been developing since the early Holocene. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浙江省丽水地区白垩纪红层盆地火山岩年龄及其构造意义

为查明丽水地区火山活动与盆地形成、演化之间的关系,在碧湖盆地、章村盆地、丽水盆地等红层盆地区域地质调查基础上,对盆地内中性－酸性火山岩夹层进行了精确测年和岩石化学分析,火山岩岩石地球化学表明,碧湖盆地、丽水盆地、章村盆地岩石化学成分基本一致。火山岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb测年表明：碧湖盆地朝川组火山岩年龄为(123±2) Ma,章村盆地馆头组火山岩年龄为(111±3)Ma,丽水盆地塘上组火山岩年龄为(95±1)Ma。该地区盆地间火山岩夹层存在28 Ma时差,反映了丽水-余姚断裂带的活动延续性。     

关于滇东北MVT型铅锌矿成矿时代的讨论

滇东北地区是我国重要的铅锌矿产品生产基地,区内发育多个大型密西西比河谷型(Mississippi valley-type,MVT型)铅锌矿床,个别矿床(会泽)达到超大型.前人对该区域的铅锌矿床开展了大量的年代学研究工作,获得了一大批成矿年龄,本文在通过对各类同位素测年方法在该类型矿床中使用存在的弊端进行分析后,基于滇东...     

Formation of elongated granite–migmatite domes as isostatic accommodation structures in collisional orogens

The mid-Carboniferous Pelhřimov core complex, Bohemian Massif, is a crustal-scale elongated granite–migmatite dome interpreted to have formed by gravity-driven diapiric upwelling of the metapelitic middle crust. The vertical diapiric flow is evidenced by outward-dipping foliation and lineation patterns, deformation coeval with the widespread presence of melt, rapid exhumation of the dome center from depths corresponding to pressure of about 0.6 GPa to shallow levels (pressure less than 0.2 GPa) within 2 M.y., and kinematic indicators of downward return flow of the mantling rocks. As compared to common diapirs, however, the Pelhřimov complex exhibits a more complicated inferred strain pattern with two perpendicular, irregularly alternating directions of horizontal extension in what is interpreted as the diapir head. Comparison of structural data from migmatites with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data in granites also reveals that only final increments of strain are recorded in the granites. The map dimensions and gravity image of the complex suggest that the diapiric upwelling affected a large portion of the orogen's interior between two microplates brought together during continental collision. The northwesterly microplate (the upper-crustal Teplá–Barrandian unit) collapsed vertically as an ‘elevator’ at around 346–337 Ma whereas the easterly microplate (Brunia) was underthrust beneath the Moldanubian rocks during ∼346–330 Ma (the indentor). It is suggested that these microplates then acted as cold and rigid margins localizing mid-crustal diapirism and associated voluminous S-type granite plutons inbetween, parallel to the edge of the Brunia indentor.We conclude that bringing together soft metapelitic middle crust with two rigid lithospheric blocks during collision resulted in significant lateral temperature and strength variations across the orogen's interior. A general conclusion from these inferences is that granite–migmatite domes delineating margins of collided microplates may form as crustal-scale structures accommodating late-orogenic isostatic reequilibration.     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区野马泉深部的华力西期花岗闪长岩U-Pb年龄及其意义

野马泉大型矿床是近年来在东昆仑祁漫塔格地区发现的与侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿。利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法测得野马泉花岗闪长岩的形成年龄为(392.4±2.2) Ma,属于华力西期。前人利用辉钼矿Re-Os法,获得矽卡岩型铜钼多金属矿石和矽卡岩型钼矿石的等时线年龄分别为(225.0±4.0) Ma(n=7,MSWD=0.24)和(230.1±4.7) Ma(n=5,MSWD=0.12)、在多期热液叠加、多期成矿作用中,早期成矿的热液很可能是野马泉花岗闪长岩(392.4±2.2 Ma)提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,它们可能为铁铜多金属矿的主要来源,因此确定这些侵入体的形成年龄,对于在该区寻找矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿具有重要的理论和实践意义。