油气储层自生伊利石的分离提纯及其K-Ar同位素测年技术研究

油气注入史研究对于指导油气勘探具有非常重要的意义。油气储层自生伊利石K Ar同位素测年可以为油气注入时间的研究提供科学依据。文中对油气储层自生伊利石分离提纯及其K Ar同位素测年技术进行了系统介绍。对碎屑含钾矿物杂质对自生伊利石K Ar同位素年龄的影响进行了深入研究 ,建立了一套完整的数据处理技术并提出了“校正年龄”的概念。     

新疆哈密维权银(铜)矿床地质特征和成矿时代

维权银(铜)矿床是2000年发现的一个独立中型银矿。经过野外及室内研究,发现矿床产于塔里木板块北缘活动带觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧带的南侧,赋矿地层为中石炭统土古土布拉克组浅海相中酸性、基性火山岩、碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩,受区域早期热蚀变作用而发生不含矿的角岩化;受晚期岩体侵入活动作用形成Ag、Cu等矽卡岩矿化;容矿岩石为钙铁榴石矽卡岩,是一个远离侵入体的以银为主的多金属矽卡岩型矿床。采集维权银(铜)矿东南部花岗岩进行单颗粒锆石的SHRIMPU_Pb年龄测定,结果为(297±3)Ma,是矿床成矿年龄的上限。     

博斯腾湖湖泊沉积物光释光年代测量*

使用光释光年代学的单片再生法测量了博斯腾湖沉积剖面中碳酸盐泥及粉砂质泥底部的浅湖相灰色粉细砂和风成沙的年龄,对剖面上部碳酸盐层中陆生植物残体进行了AMS ¹⁴ C测年。通过不同测片的等效剂量(D_e)值的分布状况评价了样品的晒褪程度,选择不随灵敏度校正后的自然释光信号变化的相对集中的等效剂量(D_e)值计算了样品的埋藏年龄。通过这些年龄结果的对比,发现石英矿物的OSL年龄和AMS ¹⁴ C年龄在地层上是一致的,表明尽管在浅湖相细砂中存在不完全晒褪,但根据相对较小而集中的D_e值计算得到的年龄结果是可靠的。这些年龄结果和地层资料揭示末次冰消期以来至早全新世,博斯腾湖处于无水干盆地向深水湖泊转化的浅水湖泊状态,现代深水博斯腾湖大约形成于距今8ka前后。     

Middle-Late Pleistocene polycyclic evolution of a stable coastal area (southern Apulia, Italy)

The Otranto–Leuca coastal tract is marked by the presence of numerous sea caves placed close to present sea level. They are located generally at the back of a shore platform covered by a sequence of breccia deposits, marine sediments and speleothems. At Grotta di Masseria dell'Orte, marine cemented sands rest on a narrow shore platform at about 6.2 m above mean sea level and are covered by speleothems older than 185 ka. At Grotta del Diavolo, which is mostly filled by breccia deposits, three beach levels have been detected at about 3.0, 3.5 and 5.9 m above msl. They are either covered by or overlie speleothems that yield an U/Th age of 340, 78 ka and between 170.3 and 146.5, respectively. Geomorphological evidence and radiometric ages indicate that the area after a period of uplift has been tectonically stable since the last part of the Middle Pleistocene so that marine landforms close to the present shoreline underwent a polycyclic evolution. The sedimentary fills of sea caves formed during Middle-Late Pleistocene glacial stages, when arid or semiarid conditions promoted the removal of regolith and the development of thick breccia deposits. During Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 9.3, 5.5 and 5.1, cave sediments were partially eroded whereas beach layers and related speleothems developed. These are, in fact, the only marine isotope stages marked by a sea level position which in this Mediterranean region was either close to, or slightly higher than, the present one.     

Effects of intraborehole flow on groundwater age distribution

Environmental tracers are used to estimate groundwater ages and travel times, but the strongly heterogeneous nature of many subsurface environments can cause mixing between waters of highly disparate ages, adding additional complexity to the age-estimation process. Mixing may be exacerbated by the presence of wells because long open intervals or long screens with openings at multiple depths can transport water and solutes rapidly over a large vertical distance. The effect of intraborehole flow on groundwater age was examined numerically using direct age transport simulation coupled with the Multi-Node Well Package of MODFLOW. Ages in a homogeneous, anisotropic aquifer reached a predevelopment steady state possessing strong depth dependence. A nonpumping multi-node well was then introduced in one of three locations within the system. In all three cases, vertical transport along the well resulted in substantial changes in age distributions within the system. After a pumping well was added near the nonpumping multi-node well, ages were further perturbed by a flow reversal in the nonpumping multi-node well. Results indicated that intraborehole flow can substantially alter groundwater ages, but the effects are highly dependent on local or regional flow conditions and may change with time.     

Geographies of age: thinking relationally

In contrast to recent treatment of other social identities, geographers' work on age still focuses disproportionately on the social-chronological margins – the very young and (to a far lesser extent) the very old – and rarely connects them directly. We outline the benefits of creating relational geographies of age, in order to build out from the recent explosion of children's geographies, and discuss three helpful concepts: intergenerationality, intersectionality and lifecourse. We suggest that participation provides one epistemological vehicle for getting beyond geographies which are mainly adults'.     

Geological age of the Yokawa Formation of the Kobe Group (Japan) on the basis of terrestrial mammalian fossils

Abstract   The age of the Yokawa Formation of the Cenozoic Kobe Group distributed in Hyogo Prefecture of western Japan based on mammalian fossils is discussed. Two fossil dental specimens of terrestrial mammals discovered from the lowest part of the Yokawa Formation in the Sanda area are described. These two fossils described here are: (i) a right mandibular fragment with p2–m3 of Bothriodon sandaensis sp. nov. (selenodont anthracotheriid artiodactyl), which appears to be the most primitive among the species of the genus; and (ii) right m1–m3 of cf. Hyrachyus sp. (primitive rhinocerotoid perissodactyl). In the lower part of the Yokawa Formation, Zaisanamynodon (amynodontid perissodactyl) was previously reported. The morphology ('evolutionary stage') of B. sandaensis is indicative of the latest Middle to Late Eocene, that of cf. Hyrachyus sp. is indicative of the Early to Middle Eocene, and Zaisanamynodon is indicative of the Late Middle to Late Eocene. Therefore, the fossil mammals of the Yokawa Formation indicate an latest Middle Eocene ( ca . 38 Ma) correlation for the lower part of the formation, as a working hypothesis. Although the resolution of the geological age based on these mammalian fossils is relatively low compared to that based on marine index fossils, this result is concordant with the recent radiometric correlation of the lower part of the Yokawa Formation in the Sanda area.     

云南墨江金厂金矿床成岩成矿年龄研究

墨江金厂是一个类型比较特殊的大型金矿床，与超基性蛇绿岩具有密切成因联系。其成岩成矿时代问题尚有不同认识，通过同位素年龄资料对比，认为金矿成矿母岩－蛇绿岩体是加里东晚期的产物；通过^40Ar-^39Ar法和其他方法的年龄测定以及野外对各类金矿化石英脉的对比研究，认为从海西至喜马拉雅期均有不同程度的金矿化。该矿床为多期次、多阶段叠加富集成矿。     

粉喷桩单桩承载力与龄期的关系研究

以100余根粉喷桩单桩载荷试验和水泥土强度试验资料为基础，运用桩与土变形的弹塑性计算模型和复合地基理论，分析了同一场区不同龄期单桩承载力的关系，探讨了桩侧极限摩阻力与桩土发生塑性变形大小的关系，得了14d与28d龄期单桩承载力二者的经验公式，该公式经试验验证具有实用价值，为缩短粉喷桩的试桩周期提供了一种简单的计算方法。     

地下水年龄与泉点映震能力的关系及其在地震预报中应用的初步探讨

岩体中地下水的年龄对水化学异常类型有较大影响，地下水年龄也是水-岩反应剧烈程度的一个间接标志，年龄太小，反映地下水在岩体中贮留的时间短，不可能充分反映地壳内部地球化学环境的变化，从而可能降低其映震能力；反之，如果贮留时间太长，地下水就不能及时地反映出地壳内部地球化学环境的变化，年龄适中的地下水中的一些化学组分易于表现出完整的异常形态，而年龄太大或太小的地下水中的化学组分常表现出短临异常，震后效应的持续时间可能与地下水的年龄也有一定的关系。