Dolomitic marbles and associated calc-silicates, Tandilia belt, Argentina: Geothermobarometry, metamorphic evolution, and P–T path

The metamorphic evolution of dolomitic marbles and associated calc-silicate rocks from Punta Tota (NE Tandilia belt, Buenos Aires province, Argentina) has been evaluated through petrographic, geothermobarometric, and fluid inclusion studies. Thin beds of dolomitic marble are intercalated in amphibolites and constitute the upper part of a stratified basement sequence, which starts at the base with garnet migmatites showing a great abundance of pegmatitic segregates, overlain by biotite–garnet gneisses. Peak metamorphic conditions are estimated at 750–800 °C and 5–6 kb, followed by near isobaric cooling to about 500–450 °C and 5.5–6.5 kb. Anhydrous progressive metamorphic assemblages in both marbles (Fo + Cal + Dol + Cpx + Spl) and adjacent calc-silicate rocks (Cpx + An + Cal + Qtz) strongly retrogressed to hydrous minerals (Tr, Tlc, Grs, Czo, Srp) with decreasing temperatures and increasing water activities. The intense rehydration of the rocks relates to the emplacement of volatile-rich pegmatitic bodies (Qtz + Pl + Kfs + Bt + Grt), which also resulted in the crystallization of clinochlore + phlogopite in the marble and biotite + muscovite in the adjacent calc-silicate rocks. Metamorphic reactions based on textural relations and evaluated on a suitable petrogenetic grid, combined with geothermobarometric results and fluid inclusion isochores, indicate a metamorphic evolution along a counterclockwise P–T path. Two probable geotectonic settings for the determined P–T trajectory are proposed: (1) thinning of the crust and overlying supracrustal basin in an ensialic intraplate tectonic setting and (2) development of a marginal back-arc basin, associated with an oceanic–continental convergent plate margin. In both models, the initial extensional regime is followed by a compressional stage, with overthickening of the basement and supracrustal rocks, during the climax of the Transamazonian cycle at approximately 1800 Ma ago. Continuous convergence and blockage of structures produce transition to transcurrent tectonics (transpression) with a consequent moderate uplift.     

辽河群变质相带特征及石榴石的研究

辽河群变质带以博洛铺—红石砬子为基轴,显示南北对称呈EW向展布,变质带中没有发现矽线石、红柱石、堇青石等矿物,表明变质温度未达到高温等变质反应度,而属中压相带,且可划分出中压型巴罗式变质带,即黑云母带、铁铝榴石带、十字石带和兰晶石带。变质矿物石榴石均属铁铝石榴石,随着变质度的增高,石榴石成分Al_2O_3、MgO、FeO+Fe_2O_3的含量增加,而CaO、MnO的含量减少,石榴石晶胞参数也随着变质度增高而有规律的减小。     

区域变质作用与中国大陆地壳的形成与演化

在编制1∶500万中国变质地质图的基础上,本文总结了中国主要变质带的演化以及各变质带与中国大陆地壳形成演化之间的内在联系。虽然在华北和华南克拉通都有古太古代到中太古代的变质年代记录,但是由于后期改造其变质作用的特点及与区域构造背景的联系已难以追索。新太古代末-古元古代初期的变质作用在华北克拉通表现最明显,这期变质作用紧随大规模的TTG岩浆作用,普遍具有逆时针的P-T演化轨迹,反映了地幔柱主导的岩浆-变质事件特点。古元古代晚期的变质事件在华北、华南、塔里木克拉通都有强烈反映。这期变质作用以形成具有顺时针P-T演化轨迹的高压麻粒岩为特点,与形成Columbia超大陆的一些造山带的特点类似,但是这三个不同克拉通在与Columbia聚合的时间和空间方位上存在差异。华南克拉通是相对年轻的克拉通,是沿新元古代江南造山带扬子和华夏地块拼合的产物。新元古代江南造山带的火山岩形成时代和变质作用程度从北东向南西迁移,反映了造山过程逐渐迁移和剪刀式闭合的特点。形成华南克拉通后,在其东南缘又先后经历了加里东期和印支期的变质改造,并且由北西向南东变质带从加里东期转变为印支期,但是这两期变质作用的构造背景尚不很清楚。中国南北大陆的聚合首先从西昆仑-阿尔金-北祁连-北秦岭-桐柏开始,所反映的变质作用是早古生代的蓝片岩相和榴辉岩相变质岩相伴产出,表明经历了从洋壳俯冲到陆陆碰撞的演化过程。中国东部的南北大陆到印支期才最终汇聚,相应的变质作用以南部出现高压蓝片岩相、北部出现超高压的榴辉岩相变质带为特点,表明南方大陆向北方大陆的俯冲。超高压带内普遍含有柯石英,意味着大规模的陆壳深俯冲。华北克拉通和塔里木克拉通以北的中亚造山带内存在多条从早古生代到晚古生代的变质带和多条蓝片岩相变质带,表明这是一个由多阶段、多条变质带组成的造山区。但是其变质作用的空间和时间演化还有待进一步深入。青藏高原变质带具有北老南新的空间分布特点,最北部的印支期龙木错-双湖-澜沧江变质带反映了原特提斯和古特提斯洋的碰撞拼合过程,北部的燕山期班公湖-怒江变质带和中部的喜马拉雅早期雅鲁藏布江变质带反映了新特提斯洋的两次碰撞拼合过程,南部喜马拉雅晚期的高喜马拉雅变质带反映了印度板块向北俯冲导致的高原快速隆升过程。     

石榴石钇(Y)元素电子探针分析及应用——以佛子岭石榴云母片岩为例SCIEI北大核心CSCD

石榴石是最重要的造岩矿物之一,通常能够保留早期的矿物结构和物质并记录较为晚期的变形和变质反应。石榴石钇(Y)元素环带特征丰富、复杂,不同的环带特征通常暗示不同的形成环境或经历了不同的变质事件,是变质演化历史研究的重要媒介之一。以往的研究中,多以LA-ICP-MS作为石榴石Y元素的主要分析手段,EPMA主要用于主量元素的分析。但是,LA-ICP-MS的束斑尺寸(44μm)和基底效应较EPMA(0~5μm)大,当石榴石颗粒小、包体和裂隙发育或成分环带以微区尺寸内存在较大变化时,大束斑更容易覆盖某些特殊信息。通过对石榴石Y元素测试参数的调试和标样验证,最终确定峰位测试时长和背景测试时长分别为140s和70s,并进行了PHA谱峰干扰剥离,降低检测限至54×10^(-6)。本文将通过对比佛子岭石榴云母片岩(LD025)4颗石榴石的EPMA主、微量原位分析(Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Y、Al、Si、Cr、Ti、Na)和LA-ICP-MS石榴石Y元素分析结果,论证EPMA分析Y元素的可行性。石榴石X-ray Mapping和主量成分剖面揭示该4颗石榴石均为生长环带,Mn呈钟形分带,Y与X Sps呈强烈正相关性,与X Grs、X Alm、X Prp相关性不清晰。EPMA和LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示Y含量曲线在核部和幔部具有良好的一致性,Grt1~Grt3中Y均表现出自核部(500×10^(-6)~1200×10^(-6))向幔部(200×10^(-6)~500×10^(-6))逐渐降低,极边部Y含量低(20×10^(-6)~200×10^(-6))且变化复杂;Grt4中Y含量差异相对较小(180×10^(-6)~450×10^(-6)),仅在边部出现不同程度的升降。因EPMA对于Y元素含量较低(<200×10^(-6))时灵敏度不够或者LA-ICP-MS束斑尺寸大容易掩盖边部窄带成分真实变化等原因,二者在边部Y元素差异较大。分别对EPMA和LA-ICP-MS的分析结果应用Grt-Xtm温度计和Grt单矿物压力计获得的变质PT结果显示Grt1~Grt3(核-幔-边)和Grt4(核-边)均记录较为完整、统一的温压演化过程。M1→M2→M3的变质温压变化分别为T=530~544℃、P=0.78~0.82GPa→T=577~616℃、P=0.89~0.98GPa→T=631~661℃、P=1.01~1.07GPa,表现为顺时针演化型式,M1至M3反映的是一个“暖俯冲”过程。根据温度评价结果,Grt1~Grt3(1.2~1.4mm,自形程度高)形成时间应早于Grt4(0.8mm,自形程度低)。由此可知,大颗粒的石榴石Y元素含量及变化特征通常更容易揭示相对完整的变质演化历史。本次研究为变泥质岩演化历史、变质温压评价等研究提供了不同视角和思路,结合EPMA主量(矿物成分、X-ray mapping、BSE分析)和微量元素(Y等)分析能够更加精准、全面地解读地质信息。     

Alpine tectono‐metamorphic history of the continental units from Vardar zone: the Kopaonik Metamorphic Complex (Dinaric‐Hellenic belt,Serbia)

The easternmost zone of the Dinaric‐Hellenic belt is represented by the Vardar Zone, in which the Kopaonik Metamorphic Complex (KMC) is regarded as the lowermost unit. This complex is topped by the unmetamorphosed Brzece unit and is intruded by the Oligocene Kopaonik Intrusive complex. The KMC is characterized by a stratigraphy that includes metapelites and meta‐carbonates of Late Triassic age, associated with metabasites. It is characterized by a complex deformation history that comprises four phases: D1 to D4. The D1 phase structures occur only as relict structures, whereas the D2 phase structures are represented by isoclinal F2 folds, associated with a well‐developed S2 foliation. The estimated P‐T conditions for the D1 and D2 metamorphism are consistent with the upper greenschist facies. The D3 phase is characterized by west‐verging thrusts associated with upright folds. In contrast, the D4 phase is characterized by open folds (F4) associated with low‐angle normal faults. The D1 and D2 deformation phases developed during the shortening related to continental collision, whereas the subsequent D3 and D4 phases can be related to the progressive exhumation of the KMC. The D4 phase probably developed during extensional tectonics during and after emplacement of the Kopaonik Intrusive Complex. The data show that the continental units belonging to the Vardar zone had a long‐lived deformation history that was more complex that previously thought. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地面高精度磁测在印尼滨海型磁铁矿应用

综合运用低纬度化极与建立模型正演等数据处理手段进行隐伏矿体预测,发现与成矿有关的磁异常,显示良好成矿前景。钻孔证实有工业矿体。     

华北、扬子板块碰撞后热演化史的初步研究

对采自苏北－胶南－大别高压变质构造混杂岩带的片麻岩、糜棱岩和郯庐断裂带上的片麻岩中９个钾长石进行了￣４０Ａｒ－￣３９Ａｒ年龄测定和多重扩散域（ＭＤＤ）模式处理，９个样品的热演化史表明上述地区存在５个不同的快速冷却时段，并就其可能的构造含义，提出了华北与扬子板块碰撞后的折返历史过程     

浙江省陈蔡群的^40Ar—^39Ar年龄与变质年代

本文对陈蔡群变质岩进行了４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄测定。其中在诸暨陈蔡测得的４１５．１Ｍａ的坪年龄代表了主变质晚期的冷却年代。采自义乌尚阳的样品受燕山期火山活动影响有明显的氩丢失，与主变质有关的年龄亦明显降低，仅３１５．３Ｍａ。在龙泉东书获得的年龄谱和当地广泛发育的混合岩化作用有关，２７６．９Ｍａ的坪年龄为这次热事件的冷却年代。根据对现有年代资料的讨论，可以认为不同衰变体系记录了陈蔡群主变质事件的演化。Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ体系在变质早中期实现均匀化，年龄值为５５２．４～６６０．６Ｍａ。锆石、磷灰石在变质高峰期形成的铅丢失年龄为５０８，４～５７８Ｍａ。上述资料表明陈蔡群主变质年代属加里东期。     

诸广岩体南部伸展构造与铀成矿关系的探索

诸广岩体是我国花岗岩型铀矿床的集中产出区。本文从伸展构造的角度探索了南雄和塘洞－胡坑剥离构造的特点，提出龙华山变质核杂岩对富铀矿床的控制作用，并指出以硅化带为主的脆性构造与塑性流动构造复合叠加的过渡带是寻找富大铀矿床的有利地段．     

High-field cantilever magnetometry as a tool for the determination of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of single crystals

Cantilever torque magnetometry is utilized widely in physics and material science for the determination of magnetic properties of thin films and semiconductors. Here, we report on its first application in rock magnetism, namely the determination of K₁ and K₂ of single crystal octahedra of natural magnetite. The design of cantilever magnetometers allows optimization for the specific research question at hand. For the present study, a cantilever magnetometer was used that enables measurement of samples with a volume up to 64 mm³. It can be inserted into an electromagnet with a maximum field of 2 T. The cantilever spring is suitable for torque values ranging from 7.5 × 10^− 7 N·m to 5 × 10^− 6 N·m. The torque is detected capacitively; the measured capacitance is converted into torque by using a calibrated feedback coil. The magnetometer allows in-situ rotation of the sample in both directions and is, therefore, also suitable to analyze rotational hysteresis effects.The evaluation of the magnetite anisotropy constants involved Fourier analysis of the torque signal on the magnetite crystals' (001) and (110) planes. The absolute anisotropy constant has been computed using the extrapolation-to-infinite-field method. The value of K₁ at room temperature is determined at − 1.28 × 10⁴ [J m^− 3] (± 0.13, i.e. 10%) and that of K₂ at − 2.8 × 10³ [J m^− 3] (± 0.1, i.e. 2%). These values concur with earlier determinations that could not provide an instrumental error, in contrast with this work.The cantilever magnetometer performs four times faster than other torque magnetometers used for rock magnetic studies. This makes the instrument also suitable for magnetic fabric analysis.