青海什多龙热液脉型钼铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

什多龙热液脉型钼铅锌矿床受印支期成生的NNW向断裂构造控制,与该期构造运动导致的花岗岩类岩体的侵入活动紧密关联.热液成矿过程包括四个阶段,依次以石英-辉钼矿化(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-闪锌矿化(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物化(Ⅲ)及石英-碳酸盐化(Ⅳ)为特征.矿石石英中主要发育两类流体包裹体:富水的CO2-H2O两相包裹体与H2O溶液包裹体(包括富气相、富液相与纯液相三类).Ⅰ阶段包裹体均一温度为317～ 397℃,盐度为9.98％～12.28％ NaCleqv;Ⅱ阶段包裹体均一温度为226 ～ 342℃,盐度为4.34％ ～ 10.98％ NaCleqv;Ⅲ阶段包裹体均一温度为131 ～247℃,盐度为2.07％ ～5.41％NaCleqv.流体叠加作用强烈,早阶段矿石石英中常见沿微裂隙捕获的晚阶段包裹体.流体包裹体气液相组分的分阶段热爆研究表明,成矿流体主要属于K+-Na+-SO42-型,从Ⅰ阶段至Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段,阴阳离子总量急剧降低;气相组分除H2O与CO2外,还含有相对较多的N2、CH4等气体.Ⅰ阶段流体为混入了大气降水的岩浆水,Ⅱ阶段发生流体混合作用,大量大气降水与部分地层水混入流体系统中,Ⅲ阶段流体以大气降水及地层水为主.流体混合作用及伴随的温压条件的降低是导致铅锌等成矿元素沉淀与富集的重要机制.     

西藏尼雄矿田滚纠铁矿成矿作用机制：来自矿物学和稳定同位素证据

本文分析了冈底斯成矿带西段尼雄矿田滚纠铁矿石榴子石、辉石、绿泥石成因矿物学特征,结果显示矿区石榴子石多为钙铁榴石,并存在一定量的钙铝榴石;辉石主要为透辉石、次透辉石和铁次透辉石,表明成矿流体早期为酸性、高温和高氧逸度环境。矽卡岩内接触带富钙铝榴石,外接触带富钙铁榴石,反映成矿流体由矽卡岩内接触带运移至矽卡岩外接触带过程中,温度逐渐降低,而pH和氧逸度逐渐升高。绿泥石主要为富铁贫镁的铁镁绿泥石,其在低温(206~268℃)、低pH值、还原环境下形成。方解石C-O同位素揭示成矿流体δ¹³C_∑C为-2.6‰~-0.7‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW为+9.8‰~+12.0‰。石榴子石、磁铁矿、石英δD_V-SMOW值为-121‰~-105‰,成矿流体δ¹⁸O_H2O为8.7‰~11.3‰,反映成矿流体主要来源于花岗质岩浆。磁铁矿矿石中黄铁矿弱富铁亏硫,S/Fe为1.05~1.07,Co/Ni>1,指示为岩浆热液成因;黄铁矿δ³⁴S为4.2‰~11.1‰,与花岗质岩浆硫相当,综合反映成矿物质也来源于花岗质岩浆。结合前人研究资料,认为高温、高氧逸度使金属元素大量进入岩浆,岩浆上升侵位、分异出富含成矿物质的流体。成矿流体运移过程中遭遇围岩,并与之反应形成矽卡岩和退化蚀变矿物,导致成矿流体物理化学性质改变,在温度(180~400℃)、氧化-弱氧化和弱碱性-碱性条件下,发生磁铁矿沉淀。     

Experimental Designs Applied to Desorption of Dichromate Ions after Separation and Preconcentration from Natural and Industrial Water by Modified Nano‐Alumina

Nano‐alumina modified by 9‐aminoacridine was used as a sorbent for separation and determination of dichromate ions from water. Statistical method, based on surface response design, has been used for the optimization of dichromate ions elution from 9‐aminoacridine nano‐alumina. The adsorbed dichromate ions were found to be eluted quantitatively with 0.8 mol L^?1 KCl in 1.6 mol L^?1 NaOH which optimized by response surface design. Under optimum conditions, the accuracy, precision (relative standard deviation, RSD%) and R‐square of the method were calculated as >98, <3, and >94%, respectively. Remarkable agreement between experimental and theoretical data was confirmed the predicted assumption. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of dichromate in natural and industrial water samples. We also examined the retention of dichromate anions in the presence of Cl^?, , and anions at pH 3.     

Removal of COD from Industrial Effluent Containing Indigo Dye Using Adsorption Method by Activated Carbon Cloth: Optimization,Kinetic, and Isotherm Studies

The pollution of underground and surface water streams is a tremendous environmental problem. Adsorption, in which activated carbon (AC) is used as an adsorbent, is one of efficient procedures to remove organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewaters. Activated carbon fiber (ACF), a newly developed form of AC, has high adsorption rate and surface area and can be used for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. In this work, ACF was prepared by physicochemical activation method from kenaf and we studied its ability in the treatment of indigo‐containing wastewater produced from a dying factory. The filtered wastewater was treated via adsorption by ACF, and response surface experimental design method was used to study the effect of ACF dosage, contact time, temperature, and pH of the wastewater on the removal process. ACF dosage of 0.256 g, temperature of 12.5°C, pH 8.5, and contact time of 125 min were optimum treatment conditions. The adsorption process obeys pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models.     

量纲分析应用于地震预测的探索

加卸载响应比(LURR)的基本思路是希望能够通过刻画震源区介质的损伤程度,反映地震孕育的进程,从而预测地震.近30年来,很多人对加卸载响应比做了大量基础研究,取得了一系列新的进展.加卸载响应比在地震预测实践中也取得了一定的效果,异常区与地震发生的位置有较好的对应性,但是预测效果仍不够理想.究其原因主要是:在实际预测中对当地的地球物理情况考虑的不够.本文采用量纲分析与加卸载响应比结合的方法,综合考虑当地的地球物理情况,例如剪应变率和平均地震波能量等因素的影响.文中选取1970年以来发生在中国大陆的34个震例资料,通过分析得到了与发震震级和时间相关的无量纲量π₁和π₃,根据对实际数据的拟合,π₁和π₃均与震级成指数关系.在应用于地震预测实践时,首先根据LURR空间扫描结果选取异常区,然后确定异常区的地球物理参数,通过π₁确定震级M,再由π₃确定发震时间T.     

甘肃小柳沟矿区钨钼矿控矿因素及成因关系探讨

小柳沟矿区是北祁连造山带西段主要的钨钼成矿区。钨成矿主要受岩体、地层岩性、构造控制。岩体是成矿的最主要因素,是矿床的成矿物质来源之一,酸性侵入体为成矿提供了丰富的物质来源;岩体在侵入过程中所提供的含矿热液对元素的活化迁移起了积极作用。千枚岩、灰岩、角闪云母片岩是成矿的主要矿源层。小柳沟隐伏岩体上升形成的断层为成矿流体的运移和富集提供了条件。钼成矿与岩体及岩体顶部的裂隙网脉有关。小柳沟热流体在斑状花岗岩体顶部形成构造裂隙网,上升热流体与地下水发生对流循环,使钼在岩体和围岩的裂隙中成矿。小柳沟矿区有着三(多)位一体的成矿系列,岩体外接触带和地层层间裂隙形成以夕卡岩型为主的白钨矿,岩体内部及岩体顶部形成斑岩型和石英脉型钼矿。     

粤北良源铌钽铷钨矿床地质、成岩成矿时代与成矿模式

良源铌钽铷钨矿床位于南岭东西向构造岩浆带与武夷山北东向构造带交汇部位.良源铌钽铷钨矿床是粤北地区近年在石英型钨矿、云英岩型铌钽铷钨矿和花岗岩型铌钽铷多金属矿勘查评价取得最重要突破矿区,新发现铌钽铷钨矿体4条,共、伴生Nb2O5资源量3425.72吨,平均品位0.0108％;Ta2O5资源量1428.99吨,平均品位0....     

汶川余震序列的加卸载响应比分析

该文首先将汶川余震序列分成西南、 东北两段, 用加卸载响应比方法分别进行分析, 结果表明震后两段的响应比值都比较低, 明显小于1, 这可判断汶川地震属于主余震型地震; 且地震序列中的强余震(M≥5.0)发生前加卸载响应比值出现明显异常, 大都是加卸载响应比出现峰值, 之后发生强余震。 考虑到主震后余震的时空丛集现象, 结合ETAS模型对原有的加卸载响应比计算式进行改造, 并分析了主震之后15天的改造后响应比值, 发现改造后的响应比在一定程度上消除了丛集的影响, 并展示了对紧随主震发生的强余震的预测能力。