东北印度洋两类主要的深水沉积序列及其对喜马拉雅隆升的响应

东北印度洋存在两种典型的深水沉积序列,它们分别分布在孟加拉深海扇与东经90°海岭。深海扇以浊流沉积和半远洋沉积作用为主,沉积组份主要来自喜马拉雅山系直接剥蚀的物质材料; 海岭以远洋沉积作用为主,沉积组份主要来自海洋环境下生成的钙质浮游生物壳体。两类沉积序列在物质组成和形成机理上存在着根本差别,但在聚积过程中都受到以喜马拉雅隆升为代表的构造运动的显著影响。本文应用DSDP218、ODP717、ODP758及其它来自东北印度洋的资料和样品,通过沉积学、微古生物学与古海洋学的综合研究,实现了9 Ma以来扇区近源相、远源相和岭区沉积记录中的事件对比。我们的工作表明,在东北印度洋所记录的众多与喜马拉雅山系隆升有关的地质事件中, 35 Ma和08 Ma代表了最具规模和影响的两个演化阶段。     

基于发展中国家自主贡献文件的资金需求评估

国家自主贡献文件是《巴黎协定》后发展中国家气候资金需求信息的重要载体。发展中国家的气候资金需求日益增长,而发达国家提供的气候资金存在的不平衡与不充分等问题,已成为当前气候资金议题的主要矛盾。因此,本文依据最新的151份发展中国家的国家自主贡献文件,深入分析发展中国家自主提出的未来气候资金需求,并评估了各国自主贡献资金需求的合理性。研究发现,151个发展中国家中有84个国家提出具体的国家自主贡献资金需求,其国家自主贡献时间框架内的资金需求总值达4.4万亿美元;分析48个同时提出减缓与适应资金需求以及21个同时提出国内与国外资金需求国家的国家自主贡献文件得到,发展中国家资金需求类别中用于减缓与适应的资金需求比例约为6?4,国外资金需求与国内资金需求比值约为7?3;基于国家自主贡献文件估算的发展中国家累积减排量到2030年约119 Gt CO₂-eq,自主贡献减排成本平均值为50美元/ t CO₂-eq;发展中国家2015—2030年国家自主贡献资金需求预期为1万亿~4万亿美元,年均700亿~2600亿美元,其中国际资金需求为0.7万亿~2.8万亿美元,年均500亿~1900亿美元。     

A study of the seismic response of the city of Benevento (Southern Italy) through a combined analysis of seismological and geological data

A previous analysis [Improta, L., G. Di Giulio, and A. Rovelli (2005). Variations of local seismic response in Benevento (Southern Italy) using earthquakes and ambient noise recordings, J. Seism. 9, 191–210.] of small magnitude earthquakes recorded at 12 sites within the city of Benevento has stressed the significant role played by near-surface geology in causing variability of the ground motion. In this paper, we extend the study of the seismic response from 12 sites to the entire urban area. Based on inferences from the comparison at the 12 sites between earthquake and ambient vibration results, we have collected ambient noise at about 100 sites within the city, intensifying measurements across the main shallow geological variations. We use borehole data to interpret ambient noise H/V spectral ratios in terms of near-surface geology comparing H/V curves to theoretical transfer functions of 1D models along five well-constrained profiles.

On the basis of geological, geotechnical, and seismic data, we identify three main typologies of seismic response in the city. Each type of response is associated to zones sharing common soil conditions and similar soil classes according to building codes for seismic design. Moreover, we find that the spatial variation of the seismic response in the ancient town area is consistent with the damage pattern produced by a very destructive, well-documented historical earthquake that struck the city in 1688, causing MCS intensity of IX–X in Benevento.

Finally, we use ground motions recorded during the experiment by Improta et al. [Improta, L., G. Di Giulio, and A. Rovelli (2005). Variations of local seismic response in Benevento (Southern Italy) using earthquakes and ambient noise recordings, J. Seism. 9, 191–210.] to generate synthetic seismograms of moderate to strong (Mw 5.7, Molise 2002 and Ms 6.9, 1980 Irpinia) earthquakes. We calibrate the random summation technique by Ordaz et al. [Ordaz, M., J. Arboleda, and S.K. Singh (1995). A scheme of random summation of an Empirical Green's Function to estimate ground motions for future large earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 85, 1635–1647.] using recordings of these earthquakes available in Benevento. After a satisfactory fit between observed and synthetic seismograms, we compute response spectra at different sites and speculate on effects of the geology class at large level of shaking, including soil nonlinearity. We find that large discrepancies from design spectra prescribed by seismic codes can occur for a wide sector of Benevento, especially for periods < 0.5 s.     

鲁—14井井径变化试验的解释

对鲁－14井井径变化试验的井水位潮汐资源进行了反复调和分析，结果表明试验前后井水位对气压和固体潮的响应改变较小。根据多孔介质渗流理论和弹性理论，对这一现象进行了解释，认为井径变化相当于改变了井水柱的有效高度，从而影响了水井含水层系统的固有振动周期。分析了井孔变径对潮汐信号响应的周期特征，认为在含水层水体很大（含水层水平面积比井孔面积大得多），且含水层的渗透系数也很大的条件下，井径变化对井水位畦体潮响应幅度影响很小。     

瞬变电磁法在富盛铅锌矿上的应用

简要介绍了瞬变电磁法原理和特点、WDC－2B型瞬变电磁勘探系统及其野外工作方法。在充分考虑富盛铅锌矿地质矿产和物性特征的基础上，重点应用重叠回线装置，研究已知矿体上方的瞬变电磁响应特征及其与地质矿产的联系，提出了在富盛铅锌矿地质物性条件下，瞬变电磁响应模式为“上凹下凸”，同时对矿区外围发现的瞬变电磁响应异常，结合矿区的地质物性资料进行了初步解释。     

吉林省香炉碗子金矿床矿化特征及成因机理探讨

香炉碗子金矿床产于中生代形成的隐爆角砾岩体中，隐爆岩体又受脆韧性剪切带控制，金矿化与铁铁绢英岩化关系密切，本文论述了矿床的矿体，矿化及矿石等特征，并探讨了矿床成因和成矿机理。     

苏北地区金属矿产资源潜力分析

通过对江苏长江以北地区围岩、岩浆和构造三方面成矿条件分析，提出该区新生界覆盖地区金属矿产成矿潜力大致为：响水—淮阴一线以北浅覆盖地区主要预期类型为斑岩Ｃｕ（Ａｕ）、Ｃｕ－Ｍｏ矿床，金山式、焦家式和玲珑式Ａｕ矿，此外可能存在不同生的块状硫化物矿床。响水—淮阴一线以南为深覆盖地区，其中埋深在４０—５００ｍ间的隐伏隆起是现实的找矿目标区，可以预期与宁镇矿集区、铜陵矿集区或利国矿田相类似的各类矿床     

湘西地区岩金矿成矿规律及找矿方向

湘西地区的岩金矿,主要有石英脉型、破碎带蚀变岩型和基性岩蚀变型三类。金的空间分布,表现出层控性、构控性和分带性等规律,形成官庄、黔阳、漠滨等三个金矿化集中区。其中破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,是湘西地区找金的主攻方向,石英脉型金矿次之。两类金矿,均已建立找矿概念模式,并指出了找金的大方向。     

黔东松桃盘石-盘信地区铅锌矿成矿地质条件分析

黔东松桃盘石-盘信地区及其邻区位于雪峰山西缘。研究区经受了加里东期、印支期、燕山期等多期构造作用的改造,构造变形极为复杂（金宠,2010;李三忠等,2011）。近年来,位于研究区相邻的湖南花垣发现了超大型铅锌矿床而引起人们的极大关注（杨绍祥等,2007;周云等,2011）,黔东铅锌成矿区作为川、滇、黔成矿带和湘西-鄂西成矿带的交汇部分,且毗邻湘西花垣铅锌矿集区,已发现有嗅脑、粑粑寨、康金、小红岩、团塘、老屋场等铅锌矿点,但这些矿点普遍规模小、矿石品位底,经济价值较小（图1）。尤其值得注意的是：研究区与花垣相邻,两者有相同或相近的地质背景与成矿条件, 因而该区找矿潜力较大。本文即对该区铅锌矿成矿地质条件作出简要分析。     

Three-dimensional slope reliability and risk assessment using auxiliary random finite element method

This paper aims to propose an auxiliary random finite element method (ARFEM) for efficient three-dimensional (3-D) slope reliability analysis and risk assessment considering spatial variability of soil properties. The ARFEM mainly consists of two steps: (1) preliminary analysis using a relatively coarse finite-element model and Subset Simulation, and (2) target analysis using a detailed finite-element model and response conditioning method. The 3-D spatial variability of soil properties is explicitly modeled using the expansion optimal linear estimation approach. A 3-D soil slope example is presented to demonstrate the validity of ARFEM. Finally, a sensitivity study is carried out to explore the effect of horizontal spatial variability. The results indicate that the proposed ARFEM not only provides reasonably accurate estimates of slope failure probability and risk, but also significantly reduces the computational effort at small probability levels. 3-D slope probabilistic analysis (including both 3-D slope stability analysis and 3-D spatial variability modeling) can reflect slope failure mechanism more realistically in terms of the shape, location and length of slip surface. Horizontal spatial variability can significantly influence the failure mode, reliability and risk of 3-D slopes, especially for long slopes with relatively strong horizontal spatial variability. These effects can be properly incorporated into 3-D slope reliability analysis and risk assessment using ARFEM.