鲁西铜石杂岩体边缘物化探特征及找矿前景

归来庄金矿的发现为鲁西地区金矿勘探提供了重要线索,其所在的鲁西铜石杂岩体外围多年来金矿不断突破,随着金矿勘探的进一步需求,本文在成矿地质背景基础上,对研究区进行物探、化探异常查证工作,研究表明研究区Au、Ag异常值较高,伴生元素多为高温热液成矿元素组合,主要分布在研究区断层及断裂带交汇部位,特别是频繁的岩浆活动为金矿的运移和富集创造了条件,为该区金矿勘探指明了方向。     

赣东北银山多金属矿田成矿地质特征及矿床成因研究

赣东北地区成矿地质条件优越,形成有德兴、银山、乐华等大型矿田;其中,银山多金属矿田可分为两个成矿系列6个矿床。本文在实地考察和室内研究的基础上,从地层、岩性、构造、岩浆活动、矿体地质特征等分析入手,结合同位素测试、包裹体分析等手段,对银山多金属矿田的成矿地质特征及矿床成因进行了探讨,认为区内成矿物质主要来源于岩浆分异及热液作用,古老地层提供了部分成矿物质;成矿作用具有多期、多次、多成因特征,是典型的多位一体矿田。     

西藏多龙超大型铜(金)矿集区成矿模式与找矿方向

本文通过对比研究,认为多龙矿集区内斑岩型、隐爆角砾岩筒型、浅成低温热液型矿床等三种共生矿床类型属同一岩浆-热液成矿系统的产物,空间上分别位于这一成矿系统低位域、低位域顶部及高位域,其空间相对位置可作为成矿系统内相关类型矿床的勘查找矿标志。基于深部岩体的识别和矿田构造格架的建立,完善了多龙矿集区深部岩浆在地壳浅部就位和成矿的过程,构建起多龙矿集区区域成矿模式。根据该成矿模式,多龙矿集区尕尔勤、地堡那木岗及矿集区南东部等地区是下一步开展矿产勘查的有利区块;矿体形成后可能被成矿后构造错断,这一认识可以作为寻找深部隐伏矿体的勘查依据。最后指出这一成矿模式对区域找矿方向的指示意义,认为区域找矿预测中应加强班公湖-怒江成矿带中生代古陆边缘岩浆弧型斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统剥蚀与保存机制的研究;用于识别深部岩体的非常规找矿新方法可应用于斑岩相关矿床的评价。     

粤北棉花坑铀矿床热液蚀变与物质迁移研究

本文以粤北长江铀矿区棉花坑铀矿床的横向矿化蚀变剖面为研究对象,系统研究了代表性新鲜花岗岩、蚀变岩和矿石的主量、微量以及稀土元素地球化学特征,运用质量平衡计算方法探讨了各蚀变带组分的迁移规律,以期解决成矿物质来源、成矿流体来源及其性质等问题。结果表明,该矿化蚀变剖面具有明显的水平分带特征,可分为新鲜花岗岩带(Ⅴ带)、远矿碱交代蚀变带(Ⅳ带)、近矿绿泥石化蚀变带(Ⅲ带)、矿旁水云母化蚀变带(Ⅱ带)和矿化中心赤铁矿化蚀变带(Ⅰ带)。从侧缘碱交代带→矿化中心带,Si O2的带入率(0. 27%→0. 21%→0. 50%→0. 70%)整体上与U的带入率(4. 73%→8. 07%→39. 26%→98. 29%)呈正比,K+与Na+相互排斥呈现"钾钠不相容"现象,Mg O与Mn O呈现出"此消彼长"的迁移特征,是对流平衡迁移方式的表现。Th、Pb、Cs、Mo、As元素在矿化中心带的带入率最大,Ba、Sr、Co、V元素在矿化中心带迁出率最小,这对铀成矿(铀矿化)具有很好的指示作用。根据各蚀变带元素的含量、比值及迁移特征,结合前人的研究成果,认为矿床的成矿物质主要来源于赋矿围岩长江岩体,成矿流体在成分上富含挥发分和矿化剂(CO_2、F、H_2O等)、碱金属元素(K、Cs、Rb)和重稀土元素,性质上具相对高的氧逸度,其来源是地幔流体与经历了深循环大气降水的混合成因流体。挥发分和矿化剂(CO_2、F、H_2O等)的带入是矿床重要的矿质迁移机制,CO2的逸出伴随着氧化向还原过渡的环境是矿床重要的矿质沉淀机制。     

安徽高家塝钨钼矿床花岗闪长质侵入岩岩浆起源和演化及其对成矿能力的约束

安徽高家塝钨钼矿床位于江南过渡带,为一大型斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,矿体赋存于小型花岗闪长斑岩体及其内外接触带中,紧邻的大型花岗闪长岩体中未见矿化。为查明制约两者成矿能力差异的原因,本文从岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、黑云母矿物化学、岩石地球化学等方面分别对矿区两个花岗闪长质侵入岩体开展了系统的对比研究。结果表明,花岗闪长斑岩成岩年龄为145. 1±2. 1Ma～144. 9±2. 2Ma,花岗闪长岩为142. 5±1. 8Ma～141. 8±1. 6Ma,前者侵位结晶稍早于后者。两者具有近于一致的主量、微量、稀土和Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,显示矿区两个花岗闪长质侵入岩体是由同一岩浆活动先后侵位到相近空间所形成,其原始岩浆具有相同的壳幔混合来源,即上涌的幔源玄武质岩浆与由其底侵引起挤压加厚的扬子下地壳部分熔融岩浆的混合,与长江中下游成矿带铜陵矿集区中酸性侵入岩不同的是,岩浆在上升过程中或滞留于浅位岩浆房中时明显地同化混染了扬子上地壳物质。然而,起源相同的花岗闪长质岩浆历经演化并先后侵位结晶时,其岩浆特征和结晶条件发生了显著变化,表现为:花岗闪长斑岩结晶时继承大量元古代锆石,花岗闪长岩则较少见有继承锆石,综合两者岩体特征和侵位结晶条件,显示前者岩浆熔体规模小、岩浆温度低、冷却结晶较快,岩体形成于富含F、Cl和相对还原的环境;而后者岩浆熔体规模巨大,岩浆温度相对较高,冷却结晶慢,岩体形成于贫F、Cl和相对氧化的环境。这在一定程度上影响了矿区两个花岗闪长质侵入岩体的成矿能力,演化早期偏还原性的花岗闪长斑岩岩浆以及其中较高的F、Cl含量更有利于钨富集于岩浆期后热液流体中,进而形成大型钨(钼)矿床。此外,相较于大型花岗闪长岩体而言,浅成侵位的小型花岗闪长斑岩体具有更为发育的裂隙系统以及受围岩更大影响而发生强烈矽卡岩化,也为矿质富集和沉淀提供了有利条件。本文研究为皖南地区钨(钼)矿床的找矿勘探及成矿模式的建立提供了新依据。     

新疆阿克陶玛尔坎苏锰成矿带地质特征及成矿条件分析

玛尔坎苏锰成矿带沿玛尔坎苏河上游分布,东西延伸超过40 km。该成矿带以石炭系细碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩沉积建造为主,属典型的海相沉积型锰矿。锰矿带含矿层位稳定,矿体厚度大(最厚30.61 m),品位富(平均品位24%～35%,最高68.5%),矿石矿物以菱锰矿为主,属于低铁中磷类型。综合分析认为玛尔坎苏锰成矿带形成于滨浅海环境,成锰期处于一种安静、还原的水体环境。锰质来源以深源物质为主,与火山活动、热水活动关系密切。     

Macro‐and Microstructural,Textural Fabrics and Deformation Mechanism of Calcite Mylonites from Xar Moron‐Changchun Dextral Shear Zone,Northeast China

The calcite mylonites in the Xar Moron-Changchun shear zone show a significance dextral shearing characteristics. The asymmetric(σ-structure) calcite/quartz grains or aggregates, asymmetry of calcite c-axes fabric diagrams and the oblique foliation of recrystallized calcite grains correspond to a top-to-E shearing. Mineral deformation behaviors, twin morphology, C-axis EBSD fabrics, and quartz grain size-frequency diagrams demonstrate that the ductile shear zone was developed under conditions of greenschist facies, with the range of deformation temperatures from 200 to 300°C. These subgrains of host grains and surrounding recrystallized grains, strong undulose extinction, and slightly curved grain boundaries are probably results of intracrystalline deformation and dynamic recrystallization implying that the deformation took place within the dislocation-creep regime at shallow crustal levels. The calculated paleo-strain rates are between 10~(–7.87)s~(–1) and 10~(–11.49)s~(–1) with differential stresses of 32.63–63.94 MPa lying at the higher bound of typical strain rates in shear zones at crustal levels, and may indicate a relatively rapid deformation. The S-L-calcite tectonites have undergone a component of uplift which led to subhorizontal lifting in an already non-coaxial compressional deformation regime with a bulk pure shear-dominated general shear. This E-W large-scale dextral strike-slip movement is a consequence of the eastward extrusion of the Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt, and results from far-field forces associated with Late Triassic convergence domains after the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.     

Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Setting of Representative Magmatic Cu‐Ni Deposits in the Tianshan‐Xingmeng Orogenic Belt,Central Asia

A great number of magmatic Cu-Ni deposits(including Kalatongke in Xinjiang and Hongqiling in Jilin) are distributed over a distance of almost 3000 km across the Tianshan-Xingmeng Orogenic Belt, from Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang in the west, to Jilin in eastern China in the east. These deposits were formed during a range of magmatic episodes from the Devonian to the Triassic. Significant magmatic Cu-Ni-Co-PGE deposits were formed from the Devonian period in the Nalati arc(e.g. Jingbulake Cu-Ni in Xinjiang), Carboniferous period in the Puerjin-Ertai arc(e.g. Kalatongke Cu-Ni-Co-PGE in Xinjiang), Carboniferous period in the Dananhu-Touquan arc(e.g. Huangshandong, Xiangshan and Tulaergen in estern Tianshan, Xinjiang) to Triassic period in the Hulan arc(e.g. Hongqiling Cu-Ni in Jilin). In addition to the overall tectonic, geologic and distribution of magmatic Cu-Ni deposits in the Tianshan-Xingmeng Orogenic Belt, the metallogenic setting, deposit geology and mineralization characteristics of each deposit mentioned above are summarized in this paper. Geochronologic data of Cu-Ni deposits indicate that, from west to east, the metallogenic ages in the Tianshan-Xingmeng Orogenic Belt changed with time, namely, from the Late Caledonian(～440 Ma), through the Late Hercynian(300–265 Ma) to the Late Indosinian(225–200 Ma). Such variation could reflect a gradual scissor type closure of the paleo Asian ocean between the Siberia Craton and the North China Craton from west to east.     

印度尼西亚巴都希贾乌斑岩型铜——金矿床成矿特征

巴都希贾乌铜金矿是坐落在印度尼西亚松巴岛西南部的世界级的斑岩型铜金矿床,产于岛弧环境。从容矿岩石、矿化、蚀变、成矿流体等方面分析总结了该矿床的基本特征。矿床在岩浆组合、空间形态和矿化及围岩蚀变特征上均体现出了明确的斑岩型矿床的特征;矿区围岩蚀变可划分为四个阶段,与成矿关系最为密切的是第一阶段的黑云母化;成矿流体为相对低温高盐度的流体,且具有由深到浅石盐溶解温度升高的趋势。     

Two‐Stage Sulfide Mineral Assemblages in the Mineralized Ultramafic Rocks of the Laowangzhai Gold Deposit (Yunnan,SW China): Implications for Metallogenic Evolution

The Laowangzhai gold deposit, located in the Ailaoshan gold belt (SW China), is hosted in various types of rocks, including in quartz porphyry, carbonaceous slate, meta‐sandstone, lamprophyre, and altered ultramafic rocks. In contrast to other wall rocks, the orebodies in altered ultramafic rocks are characterized by the occurrence of a large amount of Ni‐bearing minerals. The ore‐forming process of the orebodies hosted by altered ultramafic rocks can be divided into two stages: pyrite‐vaesite‐native gold and gersdorffite‐violarite stages. The contents of As and Sb increased during the evolution of ore‐forming fluid based on the mineral assemblages. Thermodynamic modeling of the Ni‐Cu‐As‐Fe‐S system using the SUPCRT92 software package with the updated database of slop16.dat indicates the fS₂ in ore‐forming fluid decreases significantly from stage I to stage II. The decreases of fS₂ due to crystallization of sulfides and fO₂ due to fluid–rock reaction were responsible for ore formation in altered ultramafic rocks of the Laowangzhai gold deposit. Geological evidence, the in situ sulfur isotope values of pyrite, and the other published isotopic data suggest that the ore‐forming fluid for ultramafic rock ores was dominantly composed of evolved magmatic fluid with the important input of sediments.