方解石和白云石溶蚀实验热力学模型及地质意义

通过碳酸盐（方解石、白云石）溶蚀作用实验室模拟研究，建立了溶蚀作用的热力学模型方程，对埋藏成岩的3种不同温压条件下（348．15K，Mpa ,373．15K，25Mpa，403．15K，30MPa）碳酸盐溶蚀作用进行了定量研究。提出随着温度和压力的升高，碳酸盐溶解反应的吉布春播由能降低，因而溶解反应增强；在相同温度和压力的地质条件下，白云石较方解石更易溶蚀并形成次生孔隙，这为油气生成运移提供了有利的地下空间和通道。     

测点平面位移图及其应用

针对目前谷坡变形监测数据整理结果的某些弊病,设计一种简洁,直观,信息量丰富的变形位移轨迹图、较好地将变形时段,变形量,变形方向有机地结合起来,图形方法适合任何谷坡的地面或地下钻孔观测点变形观测数据的整理。     

渤海近岸水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)遥感反演模型

Irrigated land is one of the most important parts in land cover classification system, but until now it has seldom been reported about extracting it from remote sensing data and monitoring its dynamic change. The existing researches are focused on the land use-cover change (LUCC) and the irrigated area mapping, so the study on extracting irrigated land is much more important. On the basis of close relationship between water deficit index (WDI) and soil water content, this paper firstly combines two neighbor NDVI and the surface-air temperature (Ts-Ta) and conforms one Vegetation Index Temperature (VIT). It makes the timely incomparable WDI comparable and then computes the change of WDI during the monitored period. Secondly it infers the change of soil water. Thirdly it removes the rainfall’s influence under some assumption and extracts the irrigated land of the survey area. Results show that comparing with census data all the deviation is below 7% in the survey area except Shanxi province, which means that the extracted results are comparable with census data. Extracted irrigated land mainly distributes around rivers, lakes, and reservoirs or on the irrigated regions and oasises. The results are consistent with the centralized region which has abundant irrigated land known before. The results are checked elementarily using TM images. All the precisions are above 70% except in Shanxi province. The precision in Xinjiang municipality is the highest.     

1999年9月14日和11月30日四川绵竹两次5.0级地震预报

1999年在四川省德阳市绵竹县发生了两次5.0级地震.其中1999年11月30日绵竹汉旺5.0级地震前,德阳市地震局对该次地震的时问、地区、震级三要素做出了准确的短临预报.该项预报在人口稠密经济发达的四川德阳地区成功实现,取得了良好的社会和经济效益,得到了中国地震局,德阳市人民政府的充分肯定,并予以表彰和奖励.     

一次夏季雷暴天气过程中闪电活动特征分析

利用探空资料、多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位仪数据,分析了2009年7月30日发生在南京地区一次雷暴天气过程的雷达及闪电数据时空演变特征。结果表明：对流有效位能Ecap比起K指数（IK）等对于对流潜势预报具有更明显的指示作用,0 ℃层和-10 ℃层高度的降低有利于雷暴云的雷电活动;整个过程以负闪为主导,闪电强度越大,闪电频数也越高,每次闪电峰值后,都对应一次谷值;闪电数据与多普勒天气雷达回波叠加后分析发现,回波的生消演变对应着闪电频数和强度的生消演变,负闪主要落在强回波中心区域,正闪零星分布于回波强度梯度较大的区域;雷达径向速度图像特征变化更能揭示闪电发生发展的机制,逆风区对应雷暴中心区域,不仅是强降水的中心区也是闪电的中心区,对逆风区的识别监测能够更好的指导雷暴预警报工作;利用雷达数据计算的云底动能施力参量,能够很好的描述支持闪电起电的热动力特征,云底动能施力对雷电增长的贡献有一段持续传输过程,该参量峰值比频闪峰值和强度峰值都约有0.5 h的提前量。     

不良天气条件下妃子笑荔枝螺旋环剥增产效果分析

在妃子笑荔枝将要进入花芽分化期时实施螺旋环剥,观测其各生育期及产量构成要素。结果表明螺旋环剥在不良天气条件下的增产效果明显．其原因是：在秋、冬季气温偏高的天气条件下,螺旋环剥能抑制冬梢抽发,促进花芽分化,有利开花结果;螺旋环剥能推迟花期,有利于避过花期低温连阴雨天气的不良影响;春季气温偏高的天气条件下,螺旋环剥能抑制“...     

某地陈家沟河水中重金属元素时空变化及影响因素研究

河水重金属污染一直是环境污染防治领域的热点。秦岭某地石煤矿区陈家沟河水中重金属含量严重超标,但重金属来源不明,为污染治理带来困扰。为了查明陈家沟河水中重金属来源和时空变化情况,采集了2期河水、废弃石煤矿硐排水、废渣堆淋溶水等地表水样品,采用污染指数法、主成分分析法和Pearson相关性分析方法,研究河水中重金属污染程度、空间分布,并对河水中重金属来源进行了解析。研究表明,陈家沟源头河水（对照点）重金属含量可以达到地表水的Ⅰ类标准,中游受废弃石煤矿矿硐排水及废渣堆淋溶水的影响,河水中重金属含量显著升高,汇入干流前河水中重金属含量是对照点的3.5～312倍;河水中Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn等重金属元素同源,均来源于矿硐排水、废渣淋溶水。河水中重金属含量的空间分布与地质体、污染源分布以及河水pH、盐度等因素有关。研究结果可为陈家沟河水重金属污染防治提供科学依据。     

Morphologic and sedimentologic patterns of active aeolian dune‐fields on the east coast of Maranhão,northeast Brazil

The eastern portion of the Maranhão coast is characterized by large active dune‐fields located in a tropical setting. This article combines the analysis of dune‐field morphologic patterns with the classical analysis of grain size and heavy minerals to study the sedimentary dynamics of the active aeolian system in this region. Based on the heavy mineral analysis, the main sedimentary suppliers feeding the system are the westward alongshore drift bringing sand from the coast east of the Parnaíba River mouth and the river itself. The absence of well‐defined variation patterns of the two morphometric parameters studied, dune spacing and crest length, reflects complex sedimentary dynamics and transport pathways, inside the aeolian system, despite the unidirectional wind. During the wet season, the interdune plains are flooded and the system is intensely reworked by intermittent drainages. During the dry season, the deposits formed by the drainages and interdune lakes become temporary internal sedimentary sources for the system. Due to this combined aeolian‐fluvial transport, the sediment source area has a planar geometry, with contributions from the beach and interdune plains, and not linear as expected in a typical case of source only in the beach. The areal limits of the dune‐fields is the main boundary condition controlling the dune‐field patterns, as dune spacing and crest length, by changing the sedimentary inflow–outflow balance and interactions between migration dunes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国西部地区冬季雪盖遥感和变化分析

用改进的甚高分辩率扫描辐射仪(AVHRR)资料,在多光谱判识的基础上提取积雪信息的计算方法,并由此得到积雪遥感动态监测结果;同时,利用我国短时间序列的积雪资料,统计计算了新疆、内蒙古、青海、西藏和东北地区冬季积雪覆盖率,分析了我国西部地区积雪覆盖特征和变化规律;补充了常规气象台站对我国西部地区积雪监测和分析的不足.     

盐城市基础测绘成果数据更新与共享机制的研究

从盐城的实际出发,着重探讨基础测绘数据更新维护机制的建立,数据更新及其维护方式、方法、经费来源以及地理信息数据资源共建共享机制的研究。