Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the Intra-Sudetic Basin, Bohemian Massif: petrological and geochemical characteristics

Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Intra-Sudetic Basin of the Bohemian Massif in the Czech Republic can be subdivided into two series: (I) a minor bimodal trachyandesite-rhyolite series of Upper Carboniferous age with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of ca. 0.710 and ε_Nd values of −6.1 also characteristic of volcanics of the near Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (0.707 and −6.0, Ulrych et al., 2003) and (II) a major differentiated basaltic trachyandesite-trachyandesite-trachyte-rhyolite series of Lower Permian age with lower initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of ca. 0.705-0.708 and ε_Nd values ranging from −2.7 to −3.4/−4.1/. The newly recognized volcanic rocks of trachytic composition indicate that the rocks were formed by magmatic differentiation of similar parental melts rather than constituting a bimodal mafic-felsic sequence from different sources. Both series are generally of subalkaline affinity and calc-alkaline character with some tholeiitic tint (FeO/MgO vs. SiO₂, presence of orthopyroxene). The magmatic activity occurred in cycles in a layered chamber, each starting primarily with felsic volcanics and ending with mafic ones. The mafic rocks represent mantle-melt(s) overprinted by crust during assimilation-fractional crystallization. The Sr-Nd isotopic data confirm a significant crustal component in the volcanic rocks that may have been inherited from the upper mantle source and/or from assimilation of older crust during magmatic underplating and shallow-level melt fractionation.     

The Central Bundelkhand Archaean greenstone complex,Bundelkhand craton,central India: geology,composition, and geochronology of supracrustal rocks

Analysis of 3.3 Ga tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) series granitoids and greenstone belt assemblages from the Bundelkhand craton in central India reveal that it is a typical Archaean craton. At least two greenstone complexes can be recognized in the Bundelkhand craton, namely the (i) Central Bundelkhand (Babina, Mauranipur belts) and (ii) Southern Bundelkhand (Girar, Madaura belts). The Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex contains three tectonostratigraphic assemblages: (1) metamorphosed basic or metabasic, high-Mg rocks; (2) banded iron formations (BIFs); and (3) felsic volcanics. The first two assemblages are regarded as representing an earlier sequence, which is in tectonic contact with the felsic volcanics. However, the contact between the BIFs and mafic volcanics is also evidently tectonic. Metabasic high-Mg rocks are represented by amphibolites and tremolite-actinolite schists in the Babina greenstone belt and are comparable in composition to tholeiitic basalts-basaltic andesites and komatiites. They are very similar to the metabasic high-Mg rocks of the Mauranipur greenstone belt. Felsic volcanics occur as fine-grained schists with phenocrysts of quartz, albite, and microcline. Felsic volcanics are classified as calc-alkaline dacites, less commonly rhyolites. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element distribution pattern is poorly fractionated (La_N/Lu_N = 11–16) with a small negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.68–0.85), being characteristic of volcanics formed in a subduction setting. On Rb – Y + Nb, Nb – Y, Rb – Ta + Yb and Ta – Yb discrimination diagrams, the compositions of the volcanics are also consistent with those of felsic rocks formed in subduction settings. SHRIMP-dating of zircon from the felsic volcanics of the Babina belt of the Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex, performed for the first time, has shown that they were erupted in Neoarchaean time (2542 ± 17 Ma). The early sequence of the Babina belt is correlatable with the rocks of the Mauranipur belt, whose age is tentatively estimated as Mesoarchaean. The Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex consists of two (Meso- and Neoarchaean) sequences, which were formed in subduction settings.     

准噶尔盆地陆梁地区基底火山岩的岩石地球化学及其构造环境

准噶尔盆地腹地陆梁起基底火山岩岩性为富钠玄武岩及流纹岩,总体显示出板内双峰火山岩特点。玄武岩的特征是：岩石的五晶和基质中普遍出现橄榄石;辉石为普通辉石;斑晶和基质中的长石为偏酸性的斜长石（平均牌号为30－50）;全岩化学成分CIPW计算结果表明,绝大部分含有Ne（2．8％－4．6％）,均含有O1（19．3％－10．1％）和Di（0．2％－24．6％）,标准矿物分子组合为Ne＋O1＋Di＋An;在全碱－SiO2图上玄武岩投影于碱性区;Mg^#＜65;REE总量为110．29－158．06μg/g。（La/Y）N变化范围为3．10－4．51。δEu变化于0．93－1．04;弱武岩的微量元素标准化图解为LILE相对于LREE适度富集,Nb,Ta相对于LREE和LILE亏损。Ni,Cr含量略低于原始岩浆的参考值;以上特征表明,弱武岩总体上属于碱性橄榄玄武岩;玄武岩具有较同正的εNd(t)和低的^87Sr/^86Sr,而流纹岩则具有较低的εNd(t)和较高的^87Sr/^86Sr,反映它们的同源性和遭受陆壳物质同化混染程度的不同。同位素Rb-Sr等时线年龄和单颗粒锆石蒸发年龄集中在323－395Ma。以上特点表明,陆梁玄武岩来自于亏损的地幔源区,并经历了一定程度的分异作用和陆壳物质的混染作用,其形成于板内环境,与泥盆纪－石灰纪区域伸展作用有关,因此,陆梁隆起带基底很可能是一个大陆裂谷带。     

鲁北新生代隐伏火山岩及其石油地质意义

鲁北新生代隐伏火山岩可划分为3个喷发期6个亚期,9种火山岩岩石类型和同期侵入的辉绿岩。它们形成在近大陆边缘的板内裂谷型盆地,对于富有机质生油岩的沉积、各种储集体的形成、多种含油圈闭类型的形成以及有机质成熟向烃类转化都是非常有利的。作为储集岩主要有玄武安山岩、辉绿岩和湖底玄武质凝灰岩。储油空间主要为次生孔隙和裂缝。火山岩及其有关岩石在本区不仅形成了特殊的油气藏,而且还可作为盖层、封堵层、披复构造的基岩,因此对石油地质勘探有重要意义。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000072

The Abor volcanics outcroping in the core of the Siang window in the Eastern Himalaya comprise voluminous mafic volcanics (47％-56％ w(SiO2)),with subordinate felsic volcanics (67％-75％ w(SiO2)).The felsi...     

西藏中冈底斯扎布耶茶卡北部晚侏罗世则弄群火山岩的锆石U-Pb年代学及其成因意义

冈底斯带晚中生代构造演化模式一直存在争议。此次研究了中冈底斯带扎布耶茶卡北部区域则弄群火山岩的野外特 征和锆石U-Pb年龄。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,扎布耶茶卡北部则弄群火山岩主要喷发于154.2~142.1 Ma。研究首次获得 晚侏罗世的则弄群火山岩年龄为154 Ma,比前人提出的则弄群火山岩浆活动起始时间（130 Ma） 提前了24 Ma,据此将则 弄群的时代定为晚侏罗世至早白垩世。根据研究获得的最新年代学数据,结合冈底斯带火山岩的前人研究资料,显示冈底 斯带中生代弧火山岩具有从南向北逐渐年轻的趋势。因此,最早期南冈底斯弧中生代火山岩可能与新特提斯洋板片北向俯 冲有关,晚侏罗世至早白垩世的中冈底斯带弧火山岩受到了新特提斯洋板片北向俯冲和班公湖-怒江洋板片南向俯冲的双 重影响,早白垩世中期的北冈底斯带弧火山岩则与班公湖-怒江洋板片的南向俯冲密切相关。研究成果为冈底斯带晚中生 代构造演化模式提供了火山岩方面的新证据。     

西昆仑柳什塔格峰西侧火山岩的特征、时代及地质意义

在西昆仑麻扎-康西瓦-苏巴什结合带的柳什塔格一带发现了一套火山岩建造,主要由强蚀变玄武岩、绿帘阳起石岩、阳起石岩(原岩为玄武岩)组成,上覆少量深水沉积岩.火山岩的岩石地球化学特征表明其主要来源于富集地幔玄武岩浆,形成于洋岛环境,因此它是一个古结合带大洋洋壳的残留.采样作Rb-Sr等时线年龄分析,时代为震旦纪(563±48Ma),说明麻扎-康西瓦-苏巴什结合带所代表的洋盆在震旦纪就已经存在.这个发现对重新认识麻扎-康西瓦-苏巴什结合带的演化时限具有重要意义.     

土壤天然热释光法在相山火山岩型铀矿床中的应用

介绍了天然热释光法在火山岩铀矿床上的应用效果,表明矿体上方热释光异常较大,无矿区域异常较小,矿体的分布范围与高值异常范围一致,还发现在一些构造薄弱带,裂隙、断层处出现大的异常,试验证明土壤天然热释光测量可以为评价火山岩铀资源提供线索。     

Geochemical correlations between effusive and explosive silicic volcanics in the Saraykent region (Yozgat), central Anatolia,Turkey

Two main volcanic events are distinguished between Saraykent and Akçakışla in the Yozgat province of central Anatolia: (1) early Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene effusive activity, that produced a sequence of intermediate to felsic ‘basal lavas’; and (2) marginally later Palaeocene explosive activity that formed a series of covering ignimbrite flows. Due to their close temporal and spatial relation, geochemical comparisons were made between the silicic members of the lavas and ignimbrites, to identify chemical groups and their relative petrogenesis. The basal lavas range from calc‐alkaline basaltic andesites to dominant rhyolites. Based on trace element correlations three main geochemical groups were identified: the Akçakışla rhyolites (present as domes); Akçakışla rhyodacites‐dacites (lava flows); and Ozan‐Saraykent rhyolites (lava flows). Large‐ion lithophile elements have been mobile in all the groups, but mainly in the Akçakışla rhyolites. Rare earth element (REE) patterns show marked similarity between the Ozan and Saraykent basal lavas. The Akçakışla dome rhyolites are more fractionated with lower La_N/Yb_N ratios (c.10), whereas the Akçakışla basal lavas have much higher La_N/Yb_N ratios (c.30). The chemical coherence and petrographic similarities between the Saraykent and Ozan lavas suggest a single suite related via fractionation. Three geochemical groups were also established for the ignimbrites: Saraykent ignimbrite; Bağlıca ignimbrite‐Toklu‐Kızıldağ crystal tuffs; and Keklikpınar ignimbrite. The ignimbrites, like the basal lavas, display a pronounced depletion in Ba on ORG‐normalized plots. Relative to the basal lavas, chondrite‐normalized patterns for the ignimbrites are different in displaying negative Eu anomalies that indicate feldspar fractionation. The lack of geochemical overlap or coherence between any of the lava and ignimbrite groups suggests that they represent distinct eruptive events and are not related in any simple volcanic development and cogenetic sense. Two geochemical features are common to all the volcanic rock groups: (1) the presence of a Nb‐Ta anomaly, which is generally accepted as a crustal signature; and (2) the relatively low Y abundances which appear characteristic for the region as a whole. These fundamental features of the local silicic volcanism largely reflect source composition and effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evidences for Incipient Hydrothermal Event(s) in the Central Indian Basin: A Review

1 IntroductionMetalliferous sediments and mounds occur in all majortectonic settings in the oceans (e.g., the Galapagos Rift,East Pacific Rise (EPR), Bauer Deep and Central Basin ofthe Pacific; Heath and Dymond, 1977). Further, massivesulphide deposits and high-temperature vents have beenreported along the mid-ocean ridges (MOR). In the IndianOcean, an inactive hydrothermal field and a hydrothermalplume site have been discovered along the Central IndianRidge (CIR). The SONNE Hydro…