东北地区珍珠岩矿床成因分析

东北地区珍珠岩矿床分布于中生代陆相盆地中,含矿层位主要为中生代早期的中酸性火山岩,沿北北东向展布.矿体形态多为似层状.矿床类型属于大陆边缘岛弧型.矿床系酸性岩浆大量释放挥发组分,经温度、压力突降后岩浆固结形成.找矿方向主要为中生代酸性火山岩,北北东向分布的一系列断陷火山盆地为找矿主要靶区.珍珠岩与球泡流纹岩、气孔流纹岩、凝灰岩、球珠岩紧密共生,系良好的找矿标志.     

Migration of Depocenters and Accumulation Centers and its Indication of Subsidence Centers in the Mesozoic Ordos Basin

Based on the integrated study of structure attributions and characteristics of the original basin in combination with lithology and lithofacies, sedimentary provenance analysis and thickness distribution of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin, it is demonstrated that the depocenters migrated counterclockwise from southeast to the north and then to the southwest from the Middle-Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. There were no unified and larger-scale accumulation centers except several small isolated accumulation centers before the Early Cretaceous. The reasons why belts of relatively thick strata were well developed in the western basin in several stages are that this area is near the west boundary of the original Ordos Basin, there was abundant sediment supply and the hydrodynamic effect was strong. Therefore, they stand for local accumulation centers. Until the Early Cretaceous, depocenters, accumulation centers and subsidence centers were superposed as an entity in the southwest part of the Ordos Basin. Up to the end of the Middle Jurassic, there still appeared a paleogeographic and paleostructural higher-in-west and lower-in-east framework in the residual basin to the west of the Yellow River. The depocenters of the Ordos Basin from the Middle–Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic were superposed consistently. The relatively high thermal maturation of Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata in the depocenters and their neighborhood suggest active deep effects in these areas. Generally, superposition of depocenters in several periods and their consistency with high thermal evolution areas reveal the control of subsidence processes. Therefore, depocenters may represent the positions of the subsidence centers. The subsidence centers (or depocenters) are located in the south of the large-scale cratonic Ordos Basin. This is associated with flexural subsidence of the foreland, resulting from the strong convergence and orogenic activity contemporaneous with the Qinling orogeny.     

满洲里-额尔古纳地区中生代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学与岩石组合：对区域构造演化的制约

本文对满洲里地区灵泉盆地、包格德乌拉盆地及额尔古纳地区上护林盆地和恩和盆地及周边的原确定为古生代和中
生代的花岗质岩石进行了岩石学和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 年代学研究,以便揭示研究区中生代的构造演化历史。研究区内
12 个代表性花岗岩中的锆石均呈自形-半自形晶,显示出典型的岩浆生长环带,结合其较高的Th/U比值（0.31~3.63）,暗
示其为岩浆成因。测年结果表明,该区中生代花岗质岩浆活动可划分成以下三期：（1）中三叠世岩浆活动,可进一步划分
成241 Ma 和229 Ma 两期岩浆事件,241 Ma 黑云母正长花岗岩和229 Ma 正长花岗岩的存在可能与古亚洲洋闭合后的伸展环
境有关;（2）早- 中侏罗世岩浆事件,可进一步划分成（180±5）Ma 和（171±2）Ma 两期岩浆事件,黑云母二长花岗岩-
正长花岗岩组合,结合其斑岩型Mo 矿的存在,反映研究区处于活动陆缘的构造背景,可能与蒙古- 鄂霍茨克洋的俯冲作用
有关;（3）早白垩世早期岩浆活动,可进一步划分成（140~150）Ma 和（134±2）Ma 两期岩浆事件,前者与区域内发育的
吉祥峰组火山岩形成时代相近,后者的火口充填型产状表明它们应是该期岩浆事件演化晚期的产物,该期岩浆事件在松辽
盆地以东地区的缺乏暗示它们形成于伸展环境,并与蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带的演化有关。     

赣南6722铀矿床方解石Sm-Nd等时线年龄及其地质意义

6722热液型铀矿床位于东西向南岭构造和北东向武夷隆起交汇部位的禾草坑铀矿田内。本文利用采集于该矿床花岗岩型矿石中的8件方解石进行Sm-Nd年龄测定,确定了成矿年龄为113.4±6.9 Ma。这期发生在花岗岩中的铀矿化早于隐爆角砾岩中的矿化。我们推测前期花岗岩中的矿化为后期隐爆角砾岩中富矿体的形成提供了预富集。白垩纪时6722矿床所在会昌地区处于岩石圈伸展的地段,伸展作用为铀成矿创造有力条件,岩石圈伸展与铀成矿之间具有良好的对应关系。     

保山镇康地块矽卡岩型铅锌矿床成因初探

保山镇康地块是"三江"南段重要的铅锌多金属成矿区之一,地质构造复杂,铅锌成矿地质条件优越,其中核桃坪与芦子园是近年发现的两个大型铅锌矿床,矿床受近NE向断裂、背斜轴部和地层控制明显,上寒武统核桃坪组与沙河床组大理岩化灰岩为主要赋矿地层,近矿围岩矽卡岩化强烈,流体包裹体,Pb、S、H、O同位素和微量元素等地球化学对比研究表明:核桃坪和芦子园铅锌矿床均经历了中温、高温两个矿化阶段;核桃坪铅锌矿床矿石铅同位素较芦子园铅锌矿床有较高的比值和较大的变化范围,均以高μ值为特征,属于放射性成因铅,暗示其成矿物质以壳源铅为主;硫化物硫同位素均多为较低正值并呈塔式分布,具有岩浆硫特征,两者均无生物硫酸盐热化学还原作用的参与,其中硫同位素分馏已达平衡;与硫化物共生的石英δDH2O(-109‰~-91‰)和δ18OH2O(-4.3‰~2.3‰)同位素研究表明核桃坪矿床成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆水,并遭受后期大气降水或地层水的混合;核桃坪矿床与芦子园矿床的微量元素具有岩浆热液型矿床特征,不同于VMS型、MVT型铅锌矿床。因此,笔者认为两个矿床应属于与深部隐伏岩体有关的中-高温矽卡岩型铅锌矿床,矿区深部隐伏岩体的侵入产生岩浆热液并携带Pb、Zn等成矿物质与地层水或大气降水混合,在背斜轴部与NE向断裂的交汇处形成该类型矿床。     

Refertilization of serpentinites in the Sulu UHP terrane,Eastern China: constraints from geochronology,mineral composition,geochemistry, and Re–Os isotopes

ABSTRACT

Serpentinites from Junan (JN), Rizhao (RZ), and Rongcheng (RC) in the Sulu ultra-high-pressure (UHP) terrane, China, were analysed for U–Pb zircon geochronology, mineral chemistry, whole-rock major and trace element chemistry (including rare-earth elements (REEs) and platinum-group elements (PGEs)), and Re–Os isotopes, in order to better constrain their petrogenesis and geodynamic process. The serpentinite zircons yield two age groups: 731 ± 10 to 780 ± 10 Ma for relic magmatic zircon cores, which may indicate early crystallization and emplacement of the peridotite in the Yangtze crust, and 209 ± 2 to 218 ± 3 Ma for metamorphic zircon, which coincides with Triassic UHP metamorphism. The spinels in the serpentinites exhibit significant Cr# variation (0.6–0.91) and have undergone multi-stage metamorphism. The serpentinites are characterized by enrichment in incompatible trace elements, low Ni and IPGE concentrations, and high Pd/Ir ratios, and the bulk-rock major elements plot in the ultramafic cumulate region. Their Re and Os concentrations are similar to those of typical orogenic peridotite, but they have high ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios (0.12433–0.14423). We believe that the serpentinite’s protolith consisted of cumulates from an asthenosphere-derived melt that intruded into the continental crust of the Yangtze craton in the Neoproterozoic. These cumulates were later subducted and metamorphosed during the subduction of the Yangtze craton in the Triassic. The serpentinites underwent melt–rock interactions and fluid enrichment, both prior to and during serpentinization.     

The tectono-magmatic evolution of the West Junggar terrane (NW China) unravelled by U–Pb ages of detrital zircons in modern river sands

ABSTRACT

The West Junggar terrane (WJT) is an outstanding laboratory for studying the tectonic evolution of the Junggar–Balkhash Ocean, because it contains widespread Paleozoic magmatism in different tectonic settings. We attempt to reconstruct the tectono-magmatic evolution of WJT through U–pb analysis of detrital zircons from three modern river sand samples from the Harabura, Baibuxie, and Aletengyemule rivers in the Barleik Mountains of the central WJT. A total of 232 concordant spots show Th/U ratios of 0.14–1.69, typical of igneous origin, and they contain abundant Paleozoic (96%) and few Precambrian (4%) ages, with major age populations at 450–530, 400–430, 320–380, and 265–320 Ma. The first two groups may be derived from the early subduction- and accretion-related magmatic rocks of the WJT, whereas the third group is congruent with magmatic activities related to the final subduction and basin-filling processes within a framework of the remnant Junggar–Balkhash Ocean. By combining with the regional data, the last group of magmatic events is referred to as post-subduction magmatism. The missing Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatism clearly indicates a pre-Permian closure for the Junggar–Balkhash Ocean, nearly coeval with the closure of other oceans in the southwestern Palaeo-Asian Ocean.     

Mesozoic collision-related magmatism and crust–mantle interaction along the Anhui segment of the Yangtze River Valley,east-central China

The middle segment of the Yangtze River Deep Fault Belt, located in the foreland of the Dabie orogen, contains widely exposed volcanic–intrusive complexes that formed during two episodes of magmatism (post-collisional and post-orogenic), reflecting crust–mantle interactions during the Late Jurassic (J₃) to Early Cretaceous (K₁). This article summarizes research on the Mesozoic igneous suites and xenolith suites in the area along the Yangtze River. ‘Post-collisional magmatism’ occurred during lithospheric extension at ～145–130 Ma. Its beginning and end are marked by gabbroic xenoliths and pyroxene cumulates within intrusions at Tongling, and by alkali-rich magmatic rocks. The association includes peraluminous silicic rocks and metaluminous mafic–felsic igneous suites, ranging from medium-K to high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic compositions. Taking the Tongling region as an example, quartz monzodiorite yields a sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U–Pb age of 139.5 ± 2.9 Ma, and granodiorite yields an age of 135.5 ± 4.4 Ma. These intrusive rocks contain 52.79–66.46 wt.% SiO₂, 13.12–17.73 wt.% Al₂O₃, 1.37–4.62 wt.% MgO, 3.86–6.84 wt.% FeO^T, and 4.71–7.87 wt.% total alkalis (Na₂O?+?K₂O). ACNK values range from 0.62 to 1.20, and ANK values from 1.45 to 3.48. ‘Post-orogenic magmatism’ occurred during lithospheric delamination at ～130–120 Ma. The start of magmatism was marked by the formation of gabbro containing spinel lherzolite xenoliths in the Nanjing–Wuhu Basin (NWB), and its end was marked by the generation of feldspathoid phenocryst-bearing phonolite in the NWB and the Lujiang–Zongyang Basin (LZB), respectively. The association that formed during this episode ranges from alkaline to peralkaline. Taking the Niangniangshan Formation in the NWB as an example, the Nosite phonolite yields a whole-rock monomineral Rb–Sr isochron age of 120 ± 9 Ma, and contains 49.92–60.09 wt.% SiO₂, 17.67–20.65 wt.% Al₂O₃, 0.08–2.45 wt.% MgO, 1.32–6.62 wt.% FeO^T, and 9.24–13.92 wt.% total alkalis (Na₂O?+?K₂O). ACNK values range from 0.72 to 1.24, and ANK values from 1.03 to 1.35.

The two magmatisms correspond to two episodes of crust–mantle interaction. The first involved intensive interaction between middle–lower crust and underplated basaltic magma derived from the upper mantle lithosphere, whereas the second involved minor interaction between the middle–lower crust and basaltic magma derived from the lower lithospheric mantle.     

Mesozoic and early Cenozoic tectonic convergence-to-rifting transition prior to opening of the South China Sea

We have investigated Mesozoic geological problems around the South China Sea (SCS) based on gravimetric, magnetic, seismic, and lithofacies data. Three-dimensional analytical signal amplitudes (ASA) of magnetic anomalies clearly define the inland tectonic boundaries and the residual Mesozoic basins offshore. The ASA suggest that the degree of magmatism and/or the average magnetic susceptibility of igneous rocks increase southeastwards and that late-stage A-type igneous rocks present along the coast of southeast China possess the highest effective susceptibility. The geophysical data define Mesozoic sedimentary and tectonic structures and reveal four major unconformities [Pz/T–J, T–J/J, J/K, and Mesozoic/Cenozoic (Pz, Palaeozic; T, Triassic; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous)], corresponding to regional tectonic events revealed by nine palaeogeographic time slices based on prior geological surveys and our new fieldwork. Showing both sedimentary and volcanic facies and regional faults, our palaeogeographic maps confirm an early Mesozoic northwestward-migrating orogeny that gradually obliterated the Tethyan regime, and a middle-to-late Mesozoic southeastward migration and younging in synchronized extension, faulting, and magmatism. Three major phases of marine deposition developed but were subsequently terminated by tectonic compression, uplift, erosion, faulting, rifting, and/or magmatism. The tectonic transition from the Tethyan to Pacific regimes was completed by the end of the Middle Triassic (ca. 220 Ma), reflecting widespread Mesozoic orogeny. The transition from an active to a passive continental margin occurred at the end of the Early Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma); this was accompanied by significant changes in sedimentary environments, due likely to an eastward retreat of the palaeo-Pacific subduction zone and/or to the collision of the West Philippine block with Eurasia. The overall Mesozoic evolution of southeast China comprised almost an entire cycle of orogenic build-up, peneplanation, and later extension, all under the influence of the subducting palaeo-Pacific plate. Continental margin extension and rifting continued into the early Cenozoic, eventually triggering the Oligocene opening of the SCS.