辽西地区中生代构造格局及其形成演化

在横穿辽西地区构造变形剖面及重点区段的详细构造解析的基础上 ,结合构造变形、沉积组合、岩浆岩特征及同位素年代学等资料 ,对辽西地区中生代以来的总体构造格局进行了厘定 ,认为辽西地区中生代主要构造格局由印支期的东西向褶皱 -逆冲构造、早燕山期的北东向叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造、晚燕山期早期的北东向“盆 -岭”构造、晚燕山晚期的北北东向左行走滑构造组成     

Interactions between tectonics and fluid circulations in an inverted hyper-extended basin: Example of mesozoic carbonate rocks of the western North Pyrenean Zone (Chaînons Béarnais,France)

Interactions between fracturing, fluid circulations and fluid chemistry in hyper-extended margins are still poorly described as most of them are located offshore, buried underneath post-rift sediments. The southern Aquitaine basin and the northern Pyrenees constitute an appropriate case study to investigate these interactions since a model of hyper extended margin with mantle exhumation during the Lower Cretaceous subsequently inverted was recently proposed. From a field study, we here describe three main sets of fractures (set 1 to set 3). They are correlated with main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the basin corresponding to the Liassic rifting, the Aptian-Cenomanian hyper-extension, and the Pyrenean compression. Petrographic observations, Raman and micro-thermometry analysis on fluid inclusions, ICP-MS, and isotope analysis permitted to determine chemistries, temperatures, redox conditions, gas compositions, oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures, and REE contents of parent fluids for cements precipitated during each episode. In particular saddle dolomite and chlorite precipitated in set 2 fractures during the hyper-extension corresponding to the thermal peak at temperatures higher than 300 °C. The isotopic signature, the high CO₂ content, the occurrence of H₂S and the high salinity of parent fluids suggest ascending magmatic fluids percolating across Triassic evaporites. The late and post hyper-extensional phase is characterized by hydraulic brecciation in dolomitic formations, a decrease in temperature and salinity, a decrease in magmatic contribution in parent fluids, a closing of the diagenetic system during burial and a switch to reducing conditions during the precipitation of quartz, pyrite and calcite. The Pyrenean compressive phase associated with the third fracturing stage induced a reopening of the diagenetic system and favored a return to oxidizing conditions and infiltrations of meteoric fluids.     

The Mesozoic continental rifting in the Mediterranean area: insights from the Verrucano tectofacies of southern Tuscany (Northern Apennines,Italy)

In the Alpine-Mediterranean region, the continental redbeds and shallow-marine siliciclastics related to the early depositional phases of the Late Permian-Mesozoic continental rifting are referred to as the most common representative of the “Verrucano tectofacies”. The Verrucano-type successions exposed in southern Tuscany are diachronous, spanning from Triassic to earliest Jurassic in age, and accumulated within the Tuscan domain, a paleogeographic region of continental crust that due to the opening of the Piedmont–Ligurian ocean formed part of the Adria passive-margin. They belong to the metamorphic Verrucano Group and the non-metamorphic Pseudoverrucano fm. Viewed overall, these Verrucano-type successions appear to manifest five episodes or pulses of an ongoing continental rifting. With the exception of the first episode that developed entirely within a terrestrial setting, each one is represented by basal Verrucano-type continental siliciclastics overlain by compositionally mixed marine deposits, which resulted from four diachronous, post-Middle Triassic transgressions. This suite of tectonic pulses produced the progressive westward widening (backstepping) of the Tuscan domain in the rifting south-Tuscany area.     

山东省中生代地层分区、划分与对比

山东省中生代地层研究成果较多,但仍存在一些混乱。根据地层发育特征,本文首先将山东省中生代地层新划分为鲁西地层分区、鲁东地层分区和沂沭断裂带地层分区3个分区;然后对三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系的岩石地层单位进行了划分和对比,提出了新的地层划分和对比方案,并对鲁西地层分区白垩纪的岩石地层特征做了说明,以方便今后使用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生代沉积和堆积中心迁移及其地质意义

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地中生代构造属性、原盆面貌、岩性岩相组合、物源分析和厚度分布特征等的综合研究表明,从中晚三叠世至早白垩世,盆地沉积中心由东南向北、再向西南发生逆时针迁移;在盆地西部,早白垩世沉积前没有统一或规模较大的堆积中心,仅存在孤零分布或彼此分割、规模不大的局部堆积中心。盆地西部多个时期出现的地层较厚分布区带,是该区距盆地西界较近,物源供给充足、水动力作用强所致,故代表局部堆积中心。早白垩世,沉积、堆积和沉降中心才在盆地西南部“三位一体” 叠合分布。直到中侏罗世末,在黄河之西的今盆地残留区,总体仍呈西高东低的古地理—构造格局。盆地中晚三叠世—中侏罗世各期的沉积中心在位置上大体一致,上下大部重叠;该沉积中心及近邻,古生界和中生界的热演化程度为盆地最高,显示该区深部作用较为活跃。综合分析认为,中生代各期沉积中心的叠置及其与高热演化地区的重合,反映为总体受沉降中心控制所致,可作为盆地沉降中心的代表。大型鄂尔多斯克拉通内盆地中生代各期沉积(沉降)中心在位置上偏于盆地南部,与秦岭造山带同期强烈的会聚造山活动产生的前陆挠曲沉降相关。     

华北克拉通东部中生代岩石圈减薄的过程与机制:中生代火成岩和深源捕虏体证据

基于最新的同位素年代学资料 ,华北克拉通东部中生代的岩浆作用可划分成四个阶段 ,即晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5～ 2 2 5Ma)碱性岩浆作用 ;中晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5～ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用 ;早白垩世 ( 1 1 2～ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用和晚白垩世 ( 92～ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用。徐淮地区中生代侵入岩中榴辉岩捕虏体的发现及其地质年代学资料 ( 2 1 9Ma)表明 ,华北克拉通东部中生代早期曾发生过一次重要的陆壳加厚过程。俯冲板片的断离以及高压—超高压变质岩的快速折返和晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5～ 2 2 5Ma)的碱性岩浆作用的存在均暗示 ,华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄已经开始。拆沉作用则是引起中生代早期岩石圈减薄的主要机制。中、晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5～ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用形成于造山期后的伸展环境 ,代表了中生代岩石圈减薄的继续和发展。早白垩世 ( 1 1 2～ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用表明中生代岩石圈减薄达到了峰期。而幔源纯橄岩捕虏体中富硅质熔体的交代作用和玄武岩的高87Sr/ 86Sr值、低ε(Nd ,t)值特征表明 ,软流圈对岩石圈底部的化学侵蚀可能是导致该阶段岩石圈减薄的主导机制。晚白垩世 ( 92～ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用和“海洋型”地幔捕虏体的存在代表了等温面的下降和岩石圈地幔的增生     

东亚古陆中生代晚期热河生物群的起源、发展、鼎盛与衰亡

本文探讨东亚古陆独特而著名的“热河生物群”的起源、发展、鼎盛与衰亡的规律;同时也提出其顶底的界限范围。总结和补充笔者于1983年首次提出的关于热河生物群起源于华北、以燕辽为中心,尔后向外扩散和迁移,形成独特的生物区系的观点。     

青藏高原唐古拉山中新生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其大陆动力学意义

应用单颗粒锆石 U - Pb法 ,对出露于羌塘地体中央隆起带唐古拉山北坡的花岗岩体进行侵位年代测定 ,结果表明它们是中生代末至新生代早期多次岩浆脉动、涌动上侵定位的产物。其中龙亚拉花岗岩体 (6 9.8± 2 .0Ma)、木乃花岗岩体 (6 7.1± 2 .0 Ma)是印 -亚板块早期碰撞的产物 ;赛多铺岗日花岗岩体 (40 .6± 3.1Ma)为印 -亚板块主碰撞期花岗岩。岩石类型主要包括辉石石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩 ,初始锶同位素比值 (87Sr/86 Sr)为 0 .70 6 0 39～ 0 .714 0 6 9。研究表明 ,中生代末至新生代花岗岩浆均起源于壳幔混熔 ,属同碰撞—晚造山期的壳幔型花岗岩。详细的单颗粒锆石 U - Pb同位素定年为研究青藏高原的形成演化与地球动力学过程提供了重要的依据。     

沔阳—当阳中生代前陆盆地构造特征及油气勘探

沔阳—当阳前陆盆地自北而南可划分为五个构造单元 :桐柏山—大别山基底卷入推覆构造带、南大巴山—大洪山叠瓦逆冲断裂构造带、沔阳—当阳拗陷变形带、宜昌—沙市前陆斜坡带、黄陵—松滋前缘隆起带。盆地的形成与南大巴山—大洪山造山带的发育密切相关。盆地经历了加里东期、海西—印支期南秦岭洋盆、北华南洋盆的两次“开 (降 )、合 (升 )” ,燕山早期陆内俯冲造山成盆及燕山晚期—喜马拉雅期陆内伸展断陷的演化。盆地油气资源丰富 ,具三套有效烃源岩 :晚奥陶世—早志留世广海陆棚相泥页岩 ,二叠纪滨岸沼泽相含煤泥岩 ,晚三叠世—早侏罗世湖泊—沼泽相暗色泥页岩、煤系泥岩和煤岩。中三叠世—早第三纪为油气生成高峰期。油气运移指向主要为南西方向的前缘隆起     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段中生代构造演化

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘构造带处于独特的大地构造位置,具有复杂的构造特征。长期以来,不同学者对北段构造特征和属性、构造演化和形成机制等开展了大量的研究工作,观点不尽相同。本文在系统研究西缘北段构造带几何学的基础上,通过沉降史分析与岩石类型分析等方法,对其运动学进行解释。研究认为西缘构造带的冲断活动以及盆地的沉降与青藏高原地体增生事件以及伊泽奈琦板块的俯冲关系非常密切。盆地西缘南北向逆冲推覆带在晚三叠世——白垩纪时期内构造基本定型,相应的西缘发育陆内前陆盆地,并发育多套同构造的粗碎屑的沉积。