多棘海盘车幽门盲囊极性脂和脂肪酸组分的研究

对多棘海盘车（Ａｓｔｅｒｉａｓ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ）幽门盲囊中总脂、极性脂及脂仿酸组分进行了研究。结果表明，总脂含量占湿重的７．８５％。磷脂中ＰＣ、ＰＥ、ＰＳ含量较高，ＰＩ和ＤＰＧ含量较低。主要的脂肪酸是１６：０，１８：０，１８：１（ｎ＝９），２０：１（ｎ＝９）。２０：１（ｎ＝７），２０：４（ｎ＝６），２０：５（ｎ＝３），２２：６（ｎ＝３），占总脂肪酸的７４％以上。其中以２０：１（ｎ＝９）最为丰富     

褐藻中活性物质研究概况

对近年来从褐藻中发现的有活性的多糖类、脂类、含氮类、萜类、甾醇类、类胡萝卜素、酶类、激素及其他活性物质进行综述。     

海水仔稚鱼早期阶段的脂类营养研究概况

简要论述了海水仔稚鱼不同早期阶段的脂类营养 ,包括卵囊的脂类营养 ,胚胎和仔鱼发育期间的脂类代谢 ,仔鱼饥饿期间的脂类 ,轮虫脂类营养的改善 ,卤虫脂类营养的改善 ,以及海水仔稚鱼开口饵料的脂类营养等     

Membrane Ozonation in Wastewater Treatment

The utilization of porous membranes in mass transfer processes of gaseous ozone to water was investigated. With this approach a direct control of the interface between gas and liquid is possible. Furthermore it prevents foam formation in the presence of surfactant pollution, which constitutes a problem in conventional ozonation methods. Different organic and inorganic membrane materials and geometrical arrangements were utilized and ozone transfer under varied experimental conditions was determined. Typical transfer rates obtained in the experiments were 10 g ozone per membrane square meter and hour, but under optimized conditions higher values were possible. A theoretical model was successfully applied to the results obtained. A peculiarity of the method is its inherent ozone dose control in relation to the volume flow of water.     

The identification of organic input sources of sediments from the santa catalina basin using factor analysis

Individual neutral lipids, including hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, sterols, keto-ols and diols have been analysed from eight horizons in a sediment core taken from the Santa Catalina Basin, Calif. Variations in the concentration of individual lipid components between sites are studied using factor analysis to determine their inputs. Several sources of organic material are postulated from the composition of hypothetical factors, including methanogenic bacteria, higher plants and algae including coccolithophores, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Sources for long chain keto-ols and diols and a C₃₅ bicyclic alkene are suggested as methanogenic bacteria and algae respectively.     

Arsenic — a Review. Part II: Oxidation of Arsenic and its Removal in Water Treatment

In natural waters arsenic normally occurs in the oxidation states +III (arsenite) and +V (arsenate). The removal of As(III) is more difficult than the removal of As(V). Therefore, As(III) has to be oxidized to As(V) prior to its removal. The oxidation in the presence of air or pure oxygen is slow. The oxidation rate can be increased by ozone, chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, or H₂O₂. The oxidation of As(III) is also possible in the presence of manganese oxide coated sands or by advanced oxidation processes. Arsenic can be removed from waters by coprecipitation with Fe(OH)₃, MnO₂ or during water softening. Fixed‐bed filters have successfully been applied for the removal of arsenic.The effectiveness of arsenic removal was tested in the presence of adsorbents such as FeOOH, activated alumina, ferruginous manganese ore, granular activated carbon, or natural zeolites. Other removal technologies are anion exchange, electrocoagulation, and membrane filtration by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis.     

Influence of age,size and condition factor on lipid concentration in the snapper Chrysophrys auratus

Survival, growth rates and functionality of larvae have been hypothesised to correlate with higher lipid provisioning in older teleosts. To test the lipid provisioning part of this hypothesis, we investigated the total and relative (mg/g) lipid (triglyceride) concentration in both the source (liver) and sink (gonad) lipidation organs of female snapper Chrysophrys auratus across age, size and condition factor throughout its spawning season. Age, size and condition factor had little discernible effect on the total or relative lipid concentration in either liver or gonadal tissue. Therefore, if oocyte quality (based on triglyceride concentration) is comparable across a population, research on the relationship between lipidomics and reproductive success needs to move beyond highlighting correlations to elucidating causation by focusing on the biochemical mechanisms of egg quality and larval survival, identifying maternal parameters associated with consistent lipid provisioning, and partitioning of phenotypic and genotypic maternal influences.     

Molecular fossils as a tool for tracking Holocene sea-level change in the Loch of Stenness,Orkney

Sediments deposited in the Loch of Stenness (Orkney Islands, Scotland) during the Holocene transgression, previously dated to between ~5939–5612 bp , were analysed for molecular fossils – lipids and chlorophyll pigments from primary producers – that complement conventional microfossil and lithological approaches for studying past sea-level change. While microfossil and lithological studies identified a transgression between 102 and 81 cm core depth, key molecular fossils fluctuate in occurrence and concentration between 118 and 85 cm, suggesting an earlier start to the transgression. Terrestrial lipid concentrations decreased and algal-derived, short-chain, n-alkanoic acid concentrations increased at 118 cm, indicating a disruption of the freshwater lake conditions associated with the early stages of the marine transgression. The lipid and pigment analyses provided information that complements and extends that from microfossil analysis, presenting a more complete record of Holocene sea-level changes and local vegetation changes in the Loch of Stenness. The isostatic stability of Stenness during the Holocene points towards other factors to explain the transgression, such as regional factors and/or melting of the Antarctic ice sheet (which occurred up to 3 ka).     

Distribution of lipids in modern soils from various regions with continuous climate (moisture-heat) change in China and their climate significance

Total 26 modern soil samples were collected from various regions under different climate conditions from tropical to arid temperate in China and systematically analyzed for their organic matters by GC/MS in order to evaluate climatic impacts on soil organic components. Abundant lipids molecules were recognized, including n-alkanes, n-alkenones, and long-chain branched alkanes. We find the predominance of main peaks of long-chain n-alkanes (nC29,nC31,nC33) and short-chain ones(nC16,nC17,nC18) records information of soil generation in warm-humid and cold-dry regions. The proportion of n-alkanes(nC16 nC17 nC18)to(nC29 nC31 nC33)varies in good agreement with moisture-heat conditions and thus probably can serve as a new index for climate change. The ratios of C21-/nC22 ,nC17/nC31 and (nC15 nC17 nC19)/(nC27 nC29 nC31)of n-alkanes, indicating respectively input ratios of lower bacterial alga, aquatic organisms, and higher plants and terraneous organisms, co-vary well in different climate regions from forest to grassland and desert, suggesting that they have also reflected the difference of climates between monsoon region and inland one. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-2-one records largely the discrepancy of temperature from north to south of China bordered by the Qinling Mountains, but less humidity. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-3-ones changes well with climatic factors, such as temperature and humidity. The biogenic source of series A-D long-chain branched alkanes may be derived from some kinds of special epiphyte that most likely live in weak oxic-anoxic and moisture-heat environments, suggesting their distribution record as well some information on climatic change. All these researches demonstrate that the distributions of lipids molecules in modern soils in China record well signals of climates from quite different climatic regions, and can serve as important climatic proxies to reveal climatic change over China.