Investigation on the geological and geotechnical factors leading to a major slope failure at a selected site on a Jordanian highway

During and after the very wet 1991/1992 winter experienced in Jordan, significant slope failures occurred along several sections of the new Irbid-Amman highway in Jordan. The topography over most of the route is hilly, and significant amounts of cut and fill were used to construct the highway. One such slope failure lies at 44+800 km on the highway south of Jerash City at a distance of about 5.0 km from Wadi Zerqa bridge. A landslide occurred downslope of the highway embankment resulting in a collapse of the most of the gabbion wall supporting the embankment. This paper deals with the overall stability of the slope at 44+800 km. It presents the geological and geotechnical studies carried out at this site, identifies the causes and mechanism of instability, and presents appropriate remedial measures. The study concluded that the landslide movement occurred within the colluvium material. It resulted primarily from excess piezometric pressures generated within the slope as a direct consequence of inadequate drainage. It is recommended to reconstruct the entire gabbion wall with its foundation seated on the sandstone that underlies the colluvium and to install a surface drainage system at the site.     

走滑拉分作用与相山产铀火山盆地的就位

相山火山盆地是我国著名的产铀火山盆地。本文依据相山盆地深部地质研究成果以及大陆动力学理论，探讨了相山产铀火山盆地的就位机制。研究表明，相山火山盆地火山活动划分为两个旋回，其就位受制于区域深断裂的走滑拉分作用。即第一旋回的火山机构就位于NE向深断裂右旋走滑复活产生的EW向拉分构造，形成了东西向展布的裂隙式火山喷溢带；第二旋回的火山机构就位于NE向深断裂左旋走滑复活产生的SN向拉分构造与EW向基底断裂的结点，产生了中心式火山岩浆喷溢侵出。此外，还探讨了富大铀矿的形成机制。     

前寒武纪绿岩地体中金丰度与金成矿的关系

许多研究者认为,金丰度高的花岗岩和地层就是金矿床的矿源岩和矿源层.随着中子活化法和化学-光谱法的广泛应用,分析精度有了大幅度提高(可达0.01×10-9).大量的国内外资料表明:绿岩地体中变质岩的金丰度较低,平均为0.71×10-9~2.40×10-9,与金矿有关的花岗岩金丰度更低,平均只有0.62×10-9~1.20×10-9.因此,矿源岩和矿源层并不是人们所想像的那些特定的岩石或地层.所有岩石都可能成为矿源岩或矿源层.花岗岩和地层中金的丰度与金矿床之间不存在必然的联系,金成矿与使金活化、迁移和富集的各种成矿机理有关.     

绿柱石的辐照赋色与效应

利用电子加速器为辐照源，对四川，新疆等产的无色绿柱石进行了辐照改色处理。在改色实验中，对辐照源的输出功率，电子能量，扫描面积，扫描速度，辐照剂量等参数，及辐照后样品的辐照效应，环境适应性，时效考验等特性进行了较系统的实验研究，并拟定出一套适合不同成因的无色绿柱石辐照改色的优选方案，对绿柱石的辐照机制和应效进行了探讨。     

四川盆地下侏罗统陆相页岩气源储特征及耦合评价

四川盆地陆相页岩气勘探前景良好,目前已在川东北地区下侏罗统获得良好页岩气显示和工业气流.与海相页岩相比,陆相页岩具有相变快、岩相组合类型多(夹层发育)、有机质丰度低和源储配置关系复杂等特点.运用"源储耦合"研究思路,利用宏观-微观结合的储层表征技术对下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段页岩的烃源特征、储集特征及其耦合关系开展了分析...     

公路隧道通风竖井岩爆机制颗粒流模拟研究

根据工程地质资料分析,岩爆是秦岭公路隧道2号通风竖井施工过程中的主要难题。岩爆机制是指岩爆发生的物理过程,与岩石的颗粒大小、颗粒胶结和粒间孔隙等结构特征密切相关。根据颗粒流基本理论和竖井混合片麻岩的基本力学特性,进行混合片麻岩细观颗粒参数标定研究。颗粒大小不是一个自由参数,通过颗粒流模拟的相似比分析,采用强度折减方法进行竖井岩爆机制的颗粒流模拟。研究表明,岩爆孕育的细观机制为平行于开挖面的微裂纹萌生-微裂纹扩展、聚合-宏观裂纹的形成,为压致张剪断裂破坏,主要是由张拉裂纹扩展、聚合引起的,是一个渐近破坏过程。研究成果为竖井岩爆稳定性分析提供初步依据。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000594

A new model is suggested for the history of the Baikal Rift,in deviation from the classic two-stage evolution scenario,based on a synthesis of the available data from the Baikal Basin and revised correlation between tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic complexes(TLSC) in sedimentary sections around Lake Baikal and seismic stratigraphic sequences(SSS) in the lake sediments.Unlike the previous models,the revised model places the onset of rifting during Late Cretaceous and comprises three major stages which are subdivided into several substages.The stages and the substages are separated by events of tectonic activity and stress reversal when additional compression produced folds and shear structures.The events that mark the stage boundaries show up as gaps,unconformities,and deformation features in the deposition patterns. The earliest Late Cretaceous-Oligocene stage began long before the India-Eurasia collision in a setting of diffuse extension that acted over a large territory of Asia.The NW-SE far-field pure extension produced an NE-striking half-graben oriented along an old zone of weakness at the edge of the Siberian craton.That was already the onset of rift evolution recorded in weathered lacustrine deposits on the Baikal shore and in a wedge-shaped acoustically transparent seismic unit in the lake sediments.The second stage spanning Late Oligocene-Early Pliocene time began with a stress change when the effect from the Eocene India-Eurasia collision had reached the region and became a major control of its geodynamics.The EW and NE transpression and shear from the collisional front transformed the Late Cretaceous half-graben into a U-shaped one which accumulated a deformed layered sequence of sediments.Rifting at the latest stage was driven by extension from a local source associated with hot mantle material rising to the base of the rifted crust.The asthenospheric upwarp first induced the growth of the Baikal dome and the related change from finer to coarser molasse deposition.With time,the upwarp became a more powerful stress source than the collision,and the stress vector returned to the previous NW-SE extension that changed the rift geometry back to a half-graben. The layered Late Pliocene-Quaternary subaerial tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic and the Quaternary submarine seismic stratigraphic units filling the latest half-graben remained almost undeformed.The rifting mechanisms were thus passive during two earlier stages and active during the third stage. The three-stage model of the rift history does not rule out the previous division into two major stages but rather extends its limits back into time as far as the Maastrichtian.Our model is consistent with geological, stratigraphic,structural,and geophysical data and provides further insights into the understanding of rifting in the Baikal region in particular and continental rifting in general.     

单桩复合地基静载荷试验系统的设计与应用研究

复合地基是通过褥垫层的调整作用,充分发挥桩间土的承载作用,使桩土共同承担荷载的地基。基于复合地基的实际工况,设计了一种单桩复合地基静载荷试验系统,既体现了褥垫层的调整作用,又可测得复合地基中桩体、桩问土、复合地基的荷载与其相应的沉降,同时可得出复合地基受力过程中桩土荷载分配过程与桩土应力比,提示了复合地基工作机理。通过工程实例测试,探讨了复合地基的工作机制,为复合地基的科研、设计与检测提供了依据。     

陆面蒸散量观测方法比较分析及其影响因素研究

陆面蒸散是陆面水分平衡的主要分量,也是地球系统水分消耗的主要途径,但陆面蒸散量测量技术一直没有得到很好地解决.利用LOPEX试验区内陇中黄土高原定西陆面过程综合观测站的历史观测资料,在参考对照蒸发皿观测的水面蒸发量的基础上,对蒸渗计法、涡动相关法、彭曼方法等3种方法观测的陆面蒸散量的年变化特征进行了比较分析,发现各观测...     

世界水溶气资源分布、现状及问题

针对世界水溶气资源及国内外勘探开发现状统计结果表明,全世界水溶气资源丰富,总量达33 837×1012m3,这比常规天然气资源量(293×1012m3)高两个数量级;中国主要的含油气盆地中水溶气资源也很丰富,43个盆地的水溶气资源量的估算结果达到19×1012m3。对水溶性气藏成藏条件的分析研究认为:丰富的气源、异常高地层压力、储集层和保存条件是形成该类气藏的主要条件。根据天然气溶解的Henry经验定律、分子间隙溶解机理分析,认为溶解和脱气过程中除了考虑温度和压力变化,还存在构造震荡脱气等脱气过程。由于对不同的地层水条件下,天然气的溶解度变化的认识尚不太清晰,且富集条件及静态气藏形成条件是否能够促成动态气藏的形成,以及其他因素对气藏有何影响亦需要深入研究,对国内水溶性气藏资源需要进行系统的评价,确定气藏的有效开发技术方法,以促进水溶性天然气的勘探和开发,增加我国天然气供给的途径。