新疆北天山巴音沟南侧发育早泥盆纪蛇绿岩及其构造意义

北天山晚古生代蛇绿岩带的巴音沟蛇绿岩是该带的重要组成部分和典型代表。传统意义的巴音沟蛇绿岩带在区内分南北两支,南支为贝勒克蛇绿岩带,北支为巴音沟蛇绿岩带,分别代表早泥盆世末和早石炭世末的两条不同古洋壳残片。     

Platinum-group element distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes: implications for their exploration

Compilation of some new data on ophiolites for Greece and Yugoslavia, and published data from previous studies, indicate that platinum-group element (PGE) and gold concentrations in chromite ores are generally low, ranging from less than 100 ppb to a few hundred ppb. However, samples from several ophiolite complexes exhibit an enrichment (of a few ppm) (a) only in Os, Ir and Ru,(b) only in Pt and/or Pd or (c) in all PGE. This enrichment (up to 10s ppm) is mainly related with chromitites hosted in supra-Moho dunites and dunites of the uppermost stratigraphic levels of the mantle sequence and it seems to be local, independent of the chromitite major element composition and the chromite potential of the ophiolite complexes. The contents of PGE combined with less chalcophile elements (Ni, Co, Cu), the ratios of incompatible/compatible elements, and PGE-patterns provide evidence for discrimination between chromitites derived from primitive magmas and those derived from partially fractionated magmas, although they have a similar major element composition. Thus, they can be used for a stratigraphic orientation in the mantle sequence, and therefore for exploration targets. Moreover, PGE data offer valuable information for the evaluation of the chromite potential in ophiolite complexes. The most promising ophiolites seem to be those which apart from the petrological and geochemical characteristics indicating extensive degree of partial melting in the mantle source contain only one chromite ore type (the other type being only in small proportion) of limited compositional variation, in both major elements and PGE, low ratios of , while PGE-enriched chromitites in the mantle sequence are only occasionally present. In contrast, ophiolites which contain both high-Cr and -Al chromitites, and where their chalcophile element data implies relatively extensive fractionation trend are not good exploration targets for chromite ores, although they are related with a SSZ environment.     

Integration of ASTER and landsat TM remote sensing data for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in Neyriz ophiolite zone,south Iran

Chromite deposits in Iran are located in the ophiolite complexes, which have mostly podiform types and irregular in their settings. Exploration for podiform chromite deposits associated with ophiolite complexes has been a challenge for the prospectors due to tectonic disturbance and their distribution patterns. Most of Iranian ophiolitic zones are located in mountainous and inaccessible regions. Remote sensing approach could be applicable tool for choromite prospecting in Iranian ophiolitic zones with intensely rugged topography, where systematic sampling and conventional geological mapping are limited. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data were used for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in the Neyriz ophiolitic zone in the south of Iran. Image transformation techniques, namely decorrelation stretch, band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to Landsat TM and ASTER data sets for lithological mapping at regional scale. The RGB decorrelated image of Landsat TM spectral bands 7, 5, and 4, and the principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 image of ASTER SWIR spectral bands efficiently showed the occurrence of major lithological units in the study area at regional scale. The band ratios of 5/3, 5/1, 7/5 applied on ASTER VNIR‐SWIR bands were very useful for discriminating most of rock units in the study area and delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique was implemented to ASTER VNIR‐SWIR spectral bands for detecting minerals of rock units and especially delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite as potential zones with high chromite mineralization in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. The integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms used in this study mapped most of lithological units of the Neyriz ophiolitic complex and identified potential areas of high chromite mineralization (transition zone and mantle harzburgite) for chromite prospecting targets in the future. Furthermore, image processing results were verified by comprehensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis in the study area. Accordingly, result of this investigation indicate that the integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms using Landsat TM and ASTER data sets could be broadly applicable tool for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in mountainous and inaccessible regions such Iranian ophiolitic zones.     

新疆西准噶尔拉巴西蛇绿混杂岩带地质特征及其意义

新疆西准噶尔地区是古生代经过俯冲-增生形成的复合造山带。该地区分布有多条蛇绿岩带,其中的拉巴西蛇绿岩带是比较重要的一条,通过对该蛇绿混杂岩特征的研究,认为该区蛇绿岩尽管受到强烈的多期构造肢解,但根据岩石类型仍能恢复蛇绿岩的原始层序。本文重点讨论了拉巴西蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学特征,认为其形成时代为晚寒武世-中奥陶世,就位时...     

Clinopyroxene REE Geochemistry of the Red Hills Peridotite, New Zealand: Interpretation of Magmatic Processes in the Upper Mantle and in the Moho Transition Zone

The Red Hills peridotite in the Dun Mountain ophiolite of SouthIsland, New Zealand, is assumed to have been produced in a paleo-mid-oceanridge tectonic setting. The peridotite is composed mostly ofharzburgite and dunite, which represent residual mantle andthe Moho transition zone (MTZ), respectively. Dunite channelswithin harzburgite blocks of various scales represent the MTZcomponent. Plagioclase- and clinopyroxene-bearing dunites occursporadically within common dunites. These dunites representproducts of melt–wall-rock interaction. Chondrite-normalizedrare earth element (REE) patterns of MTZ clinopyroxenes showa wide compositional range. Clinopyroxenes in plagioclase dunitesare extremely depleted in light REE (LREE) ([Lu/La]_N >100),and are comparable with clinopyroxenes in abyssal peridotitesfrom normal mid-ocean ridges. Interstitial clinopyroxenes inthe common dunite have flatter patterns ([Lu/La]_N 2) comparablewith those for dunite in the Oman ophiolite. Clinopyroxenesin the lower part of the residual mantle harzburgites are evenmore strongly depleted in LREE ([Lu/La]_N = 100–1000) thanare mid-ocean ridge peridotites, and rival the most depletedabyssal clinopyroxenes reported from the Bouvet hotspot. Incontrast, those in the uppermost residual mantle harzburgiteand harzburgite blocks in the MTZ are less LREE depleted ([Lu/La]_N= 10–100), and are similar to those in plagioclase dunite.Clinopyroxenes in the clinopyroxene dunite in the MTZ are similarto those reported from mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) cumulates,and clinopyroxenes in the gabbroic rocks have compositions similarto those reported from MORB. Strong LREE and middle REE (MREE)depletion in clinopyroxenes in the harzburgite suggests thatthe harzburgites are residues of two-stage fractional melting,which operated initially in the garnet field, and subsequentlycontinued in the spinel lherzolite field. The early stage meltingproduced the depleted harzburgite. The later stage melting wasresponsible for the gabbroic rocks and dunite. Strongly LREE–MREE-depletedclinopyroxene in the lower harzburgite and HREE-enriched clinopyroxenein the upper harzburgite and plagioclase dunite were formedby later reactive melt migration occurring in the harzburgite. KEY WORDS: clinopyroxene REE geochemistry; Dun Mountain ophiolite; Moho transition zone; orogenic peridotite; Red Hills     

西藏日喀则地区恰布林组地层及构造背景分析

在恰布林组硅质岩砾石中获得较丰富的放射虫化石, 共鉴定放射虫化石１３ 属１５ 种,放射虫化石的时代为早白垩世早阿普第期, 根据地层上下关系, 将恰布林组的时代限定为早白垩世晚阿普第期。在此基础上, 结合恰布林组岩石组合特征、古水流特征、化石组合特征以及区域构造, 得出恰布林组的物源来自北部的火山弧和早白垩世形成的蛇绿岩混杂岩体     

西藏得几蛇绿岩体中玻安岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

西藏日喀则蛇绿岩是我国发育最好的蛇绿岩之一，目前有关日喀则蛇绿岩形成的构造背景存在多种不同的认识。作者在研究得几蛇绿岩剖面时发现存在玻安岩，从而为日喀则蛇绿岩具有弧前背景提供了直接证据。得几蛇绿岩中玻安岩类样品具有高硅、高镁、低铁的特征，岩石中Zr、Yb和Y的含量也较低，具有明显的玻安岩特征。根据这些岩石的地球化学性质，认为岩石是由早期经历过较高程度的部分熔融的残余在含水条件下再发生部分熔融形成的。得几蛇绿杂岩体部分形成于弧前环境。     

川滇地区某纯橄榄岩地质特征

本文对川滇地区某纯橄榄岩体的地质特征进行了初步研究。该岩体的岩石新鲜，几乎没有蛇纹石化。岩体具层状构造，岩石中发育扭折带、巨晶、碎斑、等粒镶嵌结构、板块镶嵌结构等特殊的地幔岩结构构造。此外，岩石化学及地球化学特征了都表明该纯橄榄岩体属于蛇绿岩层序中堆积的一个组成部分。     

滇川西部金沙江石炭纪蛇绿岩SHRIMP测年:古特提斯洋壳演化的同位素年代学制约

本文应用SHRIMP方法精确测定了金沙江蛇绿岩带中蛇绿岩的辉长岩和斜长岩、呈脉状产于辉长岩和变质橄橄岩中的斜长花岗岩、以及呈岩株状侵入蛇绿岩中的花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄,提供了古特提斯洋壳演化的年代学制约。滇西之用层状角闪辉长岩的年龄为328±8Ma,书松斜长岩为329±7Ma,白马雪山辉长岩为282～285Ma,它们可能反映了海底扩张不同阶段的时代。研究还表明,在这些辉长岩和斜长岩中,部分锆石记录了375～352Ma的略老的年龄,暗示蛇绿岩浆活动可能始于晚泥盆世。在金沙江蛇绿岩中,滇西娘九丁斜长花岗岩和川西雪堆斜长花岗岩,具有高硅低钾的成分特征。但是,这些岩石的REE总量高,LREE富集;Sr初始值高,达0.7058～0.7070;在其锆石组成中,存在继承锆石。这些证据表明斜长花岗岩中存在陆壳物质的混染,可能与洋壳俯冲消减有关。娘九丁斜长花岗岩的年龄为285±6Ma,雪堆斜长花岗岩为300±5Ma,记录了古特提斯洋壳俯冲消减事件。滇西吉义独花岗闪长岩,呈岩株状侵入蛇绿岩中,年龄为263±6Ma,限定了蛇绿混杂岩的年代上限。     

Geology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of Mafic-ultramafic Rocks of Mesoproterozoic Phulad Ophiolite Suite of South Delhi Fold Belt, NW Indian Shield

A thick sequence of mafic-ultramafic rocks, occurs along a major shear zone (Phulad lineament), running across the length of Aravalli Mountain Range for about 300 kms. It has been suggested, that this sequence may represent a fragment of ophiolite or a rift related metavolcanic suite made up of basalts and fractionated ultramafics. The geological and tectonic significance of the complex is assessed using field relationships, petrography and geochemistry. Structurally, the lowest part of the complex comprises a discontinuous band of plastically deformed harzburgite (mantle component) followed by layered cumulus gabbroic rocks (crustal component). A complex of non-cumulus rocks comprising hornblende schists, gabbros, sheeted dykes and pillowed basalts structurally overlies layered gabbros. Huge bodies of diorite intrude volcanics.

Geochemical classification suggests that all non-cumulus mafic rocks are sub-alkaline basalts except one variety of dykes which shows mildly alkaline character. The sub-alkaline rocks are tholeiite to calc-alkaline with boninite affinity. Tectono-magmatic variation diagrams and MORB normalised patterns suggest a fore arc tectonic regime for the eruption of these rocks.

The mafic rocks of Phulad Ophiolite Suite are zoned across the strike in terms of their distribution from west to east. The hornblende schists and basalts are exposed at the westernmost margin followed by gabbros and dykes. The alkaline dyke occurs at the easternmost part. The rocks of Phulad suite are juxtaposed with shallow water sediments in the east followed by platformal sediments and then continental slope sediments in the further east indicating gradual thickening of the crust from west to east and an eastward subduction. The geochemical interpretation presented in this study, together with discussion of lithological association is used to decipher the tectonic evolution of the Mesoproterozoics of NW Indian shield.