元古宙蛇绿岩研究现状及其板块构造意义

在回顾元古宙蛇绿岩研究简史的基础上,对元古宙蛇绍岩的时空分布特征,岩石组合类型,变质作用程度,大地构造背景及源区地球化学制约等进行了系统总结,并就元古宙蛇绿岩的板块构造意义作了探讨。     

Mineral Potential of Myanmar

Abstract: Myanmar is rich in mineral resources, and of potential importance are the deposits of antimony, chromium, nickel, PGM, copper, gold, lead, zinc, silver, tin and tungsten, which form district metallogenic provinces within the six geomor–phic–tectonic units. In terms of past production and potential mineral wealth Myanmar ranks high among Asian countries. The last few decades witnessed a dramatic fall in mineral production, but undoubtedly, the high level of mineral potential remains unrealized. This paper reveals mineral belts with a high level of economic potential which form attractive targets for mineral exploration and some individual mineral deposits of significant magnitude and grade, creating opportunities for development and mining investment.     

Eclogitization of the Monviso ophiolite (W. Alps) and implications on subduction dynamics

To constrain deep (40–100 km) subduction dynamics, extensive P–T data are provided on the eclogitic Monviso ophiolite derived from the subducted Liguro‐Piemontese oceanic lithosphere (which was exhumed, together with associated continental units, before the Alpine collision). The Monviso ophiolite has so far been interpreted either as a fossilized subduction channel, with tectonic blocks detached from the slab at different depths and gathered in a weak serpentinized matrix, or as a more or less continuous portion of oceanic lithosphere. To evaluate potential heterogeneities within and between the various subunits, extensive sampling was undertaken on metasedimentary rocks and Fe–Ti metagabbros. The results indicate that the Monviso ophiolite comprises two main coherent tectonic subunits (the Monviso and Lago Superiore Units) detached during subduction at different depths and later juxtaposed at epidote–blueschist facies during exhumation along the subduction interface. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material suggests (i) a difference in peak temperature of ～50 °C between these two subunits and (ii) a good temperature homogeneity within each subunit. Pseudosections and average P–T estimates using thermocalc in the Lago Superiore Unit suggest for the first time homogeneous HP to UHP conditions (～550 °C, 26–27 kbar). Parageneses, peak conditions and tectonic setting are very similar to those of the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite, 200 km northwards, thus suggesting a common detachment mechanism for the whole Western Alpine belt.     

Metamorphic evolution of the Naga Hills eclogite and blueschist, Northeast India: implications for early subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate

Tectonic slices and lenses of eclogite within mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Early Cretaceous–Eocene Naga Hills ophiolite were studied to constrain the physical conditions of eastward subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate and convergence rate prior to the India–Eurasia collision. Some of the lenses are composed of eclogite, garnet-blueschist, glaucophanite and greenschist from core to margin, representing a retrograde hydrothermal alteration sequence. Barroisite, garnet, omphacite and epidote with minor chlorite, phengite, rutile and quartz constitute the peak metamorphic assemblage. In eclogite and garnet-blueschist, garnet shows an increase in Mg and Fe and decrease in Mn from core to rim. In chlorite in eclogite, Mg increases from core to rim. Inclusions of epidote, glaucophane, omphacite and quartz in garnet represent the pre-peak assemblage. Glaucophane also occurs profusely at the rims of barroisite. The matrix glaucophane and epidote represent the post-peak assemblage. The Fe³⁺ content of garnet-hosted omphacite is higher than that of matrix omphacite, and Fe³⁺ increases from core to rim in matrix glaucophane. Albite occurs in late stage veins. P – T pseudosection analysis indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites followed a clockwise P – T path with prograde metamorphism beginning at ∼1.3 GPa/525 °C and peaking at 1.7–2.0 GPa/580–610 °C, and subsequent retrogression to ∼1.1 GPa/540 °C. A comparison of these P – T conditions with numerical thermal models of plate subduction indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites probably formed near the top of the subducting crust with convergence rates of ∼ 55–100 km Myr⁻¹, consistent with high pre-collision convergence rates between India and Eurasia.     

西准噶尔蛇绿岩:古大洋俯冲增生过程的记录

蛇绿岩记录了大洋岩石圈形成、演化、消亡的全过程,是刻画区域板块构造和洋 陆格局演化的关键证据。本文通过系统梳理前人相关研究,总结西准噶尔蛇绿岩最新研究成果,探讨大陆地壳增生方式、恢复古大洋演化历史,从而对西准噶尔构造体制转化提供新制约。西准噶尔地区发育多条震旦纪—石炭纪被构造肢解的蛇绿岩带,具有典型的岩块 基质结构,绝大多数蛇绿岩包括正常洋壳组分和海山/大洋高原残片,其中基性岩具有MORB和OIB的地球化学特征。基于前人研究,本文认为在西准噶尔古大洋发育过程中,发育不同时代与地幔柱有关的海山/大洋高原,同时存在增生型和侵蚀型两类汇聚板块边界。另外,大洋高原增生不仅是大陆地壳增生的有效途径之一,还可能诱发俯冲极性反转和传递。而在大洋高原形成初期,还可能存在地幔柱诱发俯冲起始机制。     

甘肃武山鸳鸯镇蛇绿岩构造年代学特征及其构造意义探讨

本文通过对甘肃武山县鸳鸯镇蛇绿岩构造年代学的深入研究,结合野外实测地质剖面对鸳鸯镇蛇绿岩的形成,其代表的构造意义进行了探讨,该带蛇绿岩中采集的蛇纹石Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄为473±23Ma;在该带硅化碳酸盐化变玄武岩中采用锆石U-Pb法测年,测得模式年龄值为546Ma。研究认为武山蛇绿岩其岩石组合中与显生宙的蛇绿岩大致相近,所不同的是组合中含深水碳酸盐岩;蛇绿岩中基性岩类的REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式接近平坦型及微量元素的环境判别图式都表明该蛇绿岩的生成环境很可能是初始洋盆;武山蛇绿岩代表古生代大陆裂解的产物,两组年龄值基本代表了本次大陆裂解成海盆的时代。     

西藏西南部与蛇绿岩伴生的硅质岩特征及地质意义

西藏西南部达巴—休古嘎布存在一条蛇绿岩带,与蛇绿岩伴生的中生界硅质岩分布广泛。其中与拉昂错蛇绿岩体伴生的硅质岩,常量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征参数,以及地球化学环境判别图,显示其沉积于大陆边缘盆地的构造环境,其形成包括生物作用和热液作用两种因素。含硅质岩的地层剖面自下而上岩性为石英砂岩→含岩屑石英砂岩、杂砂岩→放射虫硅质岩,形成环境是从三角洲或浅海过渡到大陆边缘,再到边缘盆地。硅质岩中含有大量放射虫,放射虫组合显示硅质岩的沉积时代为晚侏罗世晚期。含硅质岩地层和蛇绿岩都是印度大陆北缘小洋盆的组成部分,两者因洋盆碰撞闭合而汇聚在一起。硅质岩的形成环境反映了该陆缘小洋盆在晚侏罗世所处的构造背景。     

东昆仑西段黑山构造蛇绿岩带特征

通过对黑山构造蛇绿岩中基性火山岩、基-超基性岩的岩石组合及其岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素等特征研究认为:黑山构造蛇绿岩带是祁漫塔格结合带重要物质组分,是在加里东晚期板块俯冲-碰撞过程中逐渐演化形成的,区域上与那棱格勒构造带相连,是柴达木陆块与东昆北陆块的分界断裂。通过同位素地质年龄研究认为该蛇绿岩形成于南华—奥陶纪,构造就位于志留纪—早中泥盆世。对东昆仑构造演化提供了重要新资料。指出黑山构造蛇绿岩以北的祁漫塔格地区(柴达木陆块)发育与岩浆岩、变质岩有关的铜、钨、钛、铁等与热液、区域变质有关的内生矿产;以南的库木库里盆地发育砂砾岩型铜矿、砂金、石膏和石盐等外生矿产。     

The mafic–ultramafic complex of Aniyapuram,Cauvery Suture Zone,southern India: Petrological and geochemical constraints for Neoarchean suprasubduction zone tectonics

Several Precambrian mafic–ultramafic complexes occur along the Cauvery Suture Zone (CSZ) in Southern Granulite Terrain, India. Their origin, magmatic evolution and relationship with the associated high-grade rocks have not been resolved. The Aniyapuram Mafic–Ultramafic Complex (AMUC), the focus of the present study in southern part of the CSZ, is dominantly composed of peridotites, pyroxenites, gabbros, metagabbros/mafic granulites, hornblendites, amphibolites, plagiogranites, felsic granulites and ferruginous cherts. The rock types in the AMUC are structurally emplaced within hornblende gneiss (TTG) basement rocks and are highly deformed. The geochemical signature of the amphibolites indicates tholeiitic affinity for the protolith with magma generation in island arc-setting. N-MORB normalized pattern of the amphibolites show depletion in HFS-elements (P, Zr, Sm, Ti, and Y) and enrichment of LIL-elements (Rb, Ba, Th, Sr) with negative Nb anomalies suggesting involvement of subduction component in the depleted mantle source and formation in a supra-subduction zone tectonic setting. Our new results when correlated with the available age data suggest that the lithological association of AMUC represent the remnants of the Neoarchean oceanic lithosphere.     

柴北缘绿梁山地区早古生代弧后盆地型蛇绿岩的年代学、地球化学及大地构造意义

岩石学、地球化学、年代学及Lu-Hf同位素综合研究表明在柴北缘西段绿梁山大平沟地区出露一套弧后盆地型蛇绿岩,岩石类型主要包括变质橄榄岩、变火山岩、变辉长岩及斜长花岗岩。其中变火山岩具有LREE亏损,类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,同时又具有富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,应形成在弧后盆地环境。斜长花岗岩为低钾准铝质花岗岩,具有LREE略微富集,HREE平坦的稀土配分型式,显示强烈Eu正异常,其εHf(t)值介于13.7～15.3之间,为变辉长岩部分熔融的产物,熔融温压条件可能为P=0.8～0.9GPa和T=～800℃。年代学研究结果表明变辉长岩的形成时代为535±2Ma,斜长花岗岩的形成时代为493±3Ma,指示本地区弧后盆地拉张时限至少介于493～535Ma之间,而柴北缘地区古大洋俯冲消减作用应早于535Ma。