Mineral Potential of Myanmar

Abstract: Myanmar is rich in mineral resources, and of potential importance are the deposits of antimony, chromium, nickel, PGM, copper, gold, lead, zinc, silver, tin and tungsten, which form district metallogenic provinces within the six geomor–phic–tectonic units. In terms of past production and potential mineral wealth Myanmar ranks high among Asian countries. The last few decades witnessed a dramatic fall in mineral production, but undoubtedly, the high level of mineral potential remains unrealized. This paper reveals mineral belts with a high level of economic potential which form attractive targets for mineral exploration and some individual mineral deposits of significant magnitude and grade, creating opportunities for development and mining investment.     

大别山北部蛇绿岩的地球化学制约

常量元素,微量元素,稀土元素,Ｎｄ同位素及氧同位素地球化学特征表明,太别山北部变质镁铁－超镁铁质岩带中存在变质的蛇绿岩,它主要由变质橄榄岩,辉长岩（－辉绿岩？）和基性熔岩三部分组成,其中,变质的基性熔岩的亏损地幔模式年龄ｔＤＭ／Ｍａ＝１０３６．８～１２９３．８,εＮｄ（ｔ）＝７．２～７．７,表明它可能代表１０００Ｍａ左右形成于中等扩张速率（２ｃｍ／ａｄ左右）洋盆条件下的洋壳残片。     

Geochemical characteristics and age of metamorphic sole rocks within a Neotethyan ophiolitic mélange from Konya region (central southern Turkey)

Palaeo- and Neo-Tethyan-related magmatic and metamorphic units crop out in Konya region in the south central Anatolia. The Neotethyan assemblage is characterized by mélange and ophiolitic units of Late Cretaceous age. They tectonically overlie the Middle Triassic–Upper Cretaceous neritic to pelagic carbonates of the Tauride platform. The metamorphic sole rocks within the Konya mélange crop out as thin slices beneath the sheared serpentinites and harzburgites. The rock types in the metamorphic sole are amphibolite, epidote-amphibolite, garnet-amphibole schist, plagioclase-amphibole schist, plagioclase-epidote-amphibole schist and quartz-amphibole schist. The geochemistry of the metamorphic sole rocks suggests that they were derived from the alkaline (seamount) and tholeiitic (E-MORB, IAT and boninitic type) magmatic rocks from the upper part of the Neotethyan oceanic crust. Four samples from the amphibolitic rocks yielded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic ages, ranging from 87.04 ± .36 Ma to 84.66 ± .30 Ma. Comparison of geochemistry and geochronology for the amphibolitic rocks suggests that the alkaline amphibolite (seamount-type) cooled below 510 ± 25 °C at 87 Ma whereas the tholeiitic amphibolites at 85 Ma during intraoceanic thrusting/subduction. When all the evidence combined together, the intraoceanic subduction initiated in the vicinity of an off-axis plume or a plume-centered spreading ridge in the Inner Tauride Ocean at 87 Ma. During the later stage of the steady-state subduction, the E-MORB volcanics on the top of the down-going slab and the arc-type basalts (IAT/boninitic) detached from the leading edge of the overriding plate, entered the subduction zone after ~2 my and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the Inner Tauride Ocean. Duration of the intraoceanic detachment (~87 Ma) and ophiolite emplacement onto the Tauride-Anatolide Platform (Tav?anl? Zone), followed by subsequent HP/LT metamorphism (~82 Ma) spanned ~5 my in the western part of the Inner Tauride Ocean.     

西藏泽当蛇绿岩玄武岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄 及其地质意义

雅鲁藏布江缝合带中各蛇绿岩体的准确定年对待提斯洋演化和青藏高原隆升的研究具有重要意义.泽当蛇绿岩是雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段最大的蛇绿岩块体,关于其形成年龄目前仍存在不同的认识.通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年得到蛇绿岩中玄武岩的形成年龄为154.9Ma±2.0Ma(95％置信度,MSWD=0.98).蛇绿岩中的玄武岩是洋脊扩张的产物,其形成年龄代表了扩张事件的时间,也代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代.结合已有的雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩的形成年龄,该年龄进一步反映出雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩形成时间具有东早西晚的特点.泽当蛇绿岩与含有埃达克质英云闪长岩的泽当岛弧火成岩基本为同期形成的.地球化学特征显示定年的玄武岩形成于俯冲带之上,且具有指示洋内俯冲环境的地球化学特征.因此,泽当SSZ型蛇绿岩可能形成于洋内俯冲机制.     

川滇地区某纯橄榄岩地质特征

本文对川滇地区某纯橄榄岩体的地质特征进行了初步研究。该岩体的岩石新鲜，几乎没有蛇纹石化。岩体具层状构造，岩石中发育扭折带、巨晶、碎斑、等粒镶嵌结构、板块镶嵌结构等特殊的地幔岩结构构造。此外，岩石化学及地球化学特征了都表明该纯橄榄岩体属于蛇绿岩层序中堆积的一个组成部分。     

秦岭勉略带中鞍子山蛇绿杂岩的地球化学：——古洋壳碎片的证据及意义

鞍子山蛇绿杂岩位于秦岭勉略带东段,它由蛇纹石化变质橄榄岩和ＭＯＲＢ型变质镁铁质岩组成。蛇纹石化变质橄榄岩主要是方辉橄榄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩,表了古洋幔的上部岩石;变质镁铁质岩为斜长角闪岩,其原岩是基性火成岩类,它多以亏损ＬＲＥＥ元素和具有很高的＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ值为特征,类似于现代洋壳中的洋中脊玄武岩（ＭＯＲＢ）,代表了古洋壳的残余部分。这表明鞍子山晕绿杂岩是勉略混杂岩带中又一个典型的蛇绿岩     

阿尔泰造山带玛因鄂博蛇绿混杂岩俯冲-折返拼贴式就位的特征

阿尔泰山南缘原划下石炭统姜巴斯套组实为一套具有洋壳性质的变质岩组成, 由玄武岩、辉长岩和少量硅质岩组成, 并混杂岩了前寒武纪基底残残块。该洋壳组分位于增生岩楔之中, 构造楔形体的形成是俯冲作用一次次“脉冲式”推进的产物, 大体可以分为7个岩片, 在增生楔下部(南部)见有滑混岩出露。角闪岩相变质的洋壳又经历了退变质作用的影响, 显微镜下可见到辉石转变为阳起石、绿帘石交代斜长石的现象。显示折返过程中经历了由角闪岩相绿片岩相的退变质作用演化过程, 俯冲的洋壳残片又被仰冲盘携带上升, 发生俯冲-折返拼贴式就位, 与弧火山岩共同形成了SSZ型蛇绿混杂岩。蛇绿混杂增生岩楔的特征表明洋壳由南向北俯冲, 记录了古亚洲洋中支早古生代晚期的演化特点。     

南秦岭勉县─略阳结合带蛇绿岩与岛弧火山岩地球化学及其大地构造意义

南秦岭勉县-略阳结合带中超基性岩类主要为方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,稀土特征为轻稀土亏损,铕富集型;辉绿岩均为轻稀土富集型。变质火山岩可区分为两种组合：一为轻稀土亏损的洋脊拉斑玄武岩,其Ti／V．Th／Ta、Th／Yb、Ta／Yb表明其为MORB型玄武岩,代表本区消失了的洋壳岩石,指示本区晚古生代一早中生代期间的一个古洋盆。另一类为岛弧火山岩组合,除岛弧拉斑玄武岩外,甚至还有大量中、酸性岛弧火山岩,它们并非洋壳的物质组成,而是大陆弧岩浆活动的产物。这表明勉略洋盆在晚古生代-早中生代期间曾经经历过一个较完整的有限洋盆的发生、发展与消亡过程,这期间秦岭已成为一独立的岩石圈微板块,其南缘具有活动大陆边缘的构造属性,秦岭并非华北与扬子陆块之间的简单碰撞产物。     

A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (Iran)

Recent geochemical studies of volcanic rocks forming part of the ophiolites within the Zagros and Naien-Baft orogen indicate that most of them were developed as supra-subduction ophiolites in intra-oceanic island arc environments. Intra-oceanic island arcs and ophiolites now forming the Naien-Baft zone were emplaced southwestward onto the northeastern margin of the South Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, while those now in the High Zagros were emplaced southwestward onto the northern margin of Arabia. Thereafter, subduction continued on opposite sides of the remnant oceans. The floor of Neo-Tethys Ocean was subducted at a low angle beneath the entire Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, and the floor of the Naien-Baft Ocean was subducted beneath the Central Iranian Micro-continent. The Naien-Baft Ocean extended into North-West Iran only temporarily. This failed ocean arm (between the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage and the main Zagros Thrust) was filled by thick Upper Triassic–Upper Jurassic sediments. The Naien-Baft Ocean finally closed in the Paleocene and Neo-Tethys closed in the Early to Middle Eocene. After Arabia was sutured to Iran, the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage recorded slab break-off in the Middle Eocene.