清代大地测量兴衰研究

清代前期大地测量曾得到空前的发展,这是因为当时大地测量学在欧洲的发展和当局重视引进测绘人才和技术;但后来逐渐衰落,究其衰亡之根源:腐朽的政治制度是其根,不重视哲学、科学教育的落后的教育方式是其源。     

The changing malaria risk patterns in East-Central Europe and the North Balkans in the last 27 000 years

Southeast Europe has historically been at the crossroads of migration routes between Western Asia and Europe. In the Holocene, this area might have been home to malaria. However, it is questionable when malaria arrived in this area and whether it could persist continuously or not in the Holocene. To begin to answer these questions, the July potential generation number of two malaria parasites were modelled, based on the reconstructed mean July temperatures of 52 times in the last 27 000 years. The results indicate that in the late Pleistocene era (27–12 kya bp ), vivax malaria might have been present in the south-east Black Sea and Aegean Sea's coastal areas. Vivax malaria could also be present in the Pannonian Basin and the inner parts of the North Balkans at least from the mid-Greenlandian period (~10 kya bp ). Although it is questionable whether falciparum malaria could be endemic in the Pannonian Basin during the mid-Holocene climate optimum (~6 kya bp ), this malaria plausibly could be endemic from the Neolithic era (~12–6.5 kya bp ) in the major river valleys of the North Balkan region, millennia ahead of the Graeco-Roman times (8th century bce to 6th century ce ).     

西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中的类ENSO式演化及其驱动机制

作为全球接受太阳辐射最多、表层海水温度最高的区域,西太平洋暖池区通过厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)和季风等过程影响着全球气候的变化。越来越多的沉积记录证明,在地质历史时期西太平洋暖池也存在类似于现代ENSO过程的“类ENSO式”变化。而目前类ENSO式变化与冰期—间冰期旋回之间的响应关系和驱动机制及其与东亚季风的关联仍存在争议。本文利用位于暖池核心区的B10岩心浮游有孔虫氧同位素、Mg/Ca(质量分数比)和黏土矿物参数重建了暖池区氧同位素8期以来的古气候记录,并结合已有的热带海表温度记录、中国石笋氧同位素和南大洋地区海表温度记录,研究了西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中类ENSO状态的演化规律及其与东亚季风的关系,并探讨了暖池区类ENSO演化的驱动机制。结果发现:冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层变浅,赤道东、西太平洋温差减小,同时,东亚夏季风减弱,暖池区降水量相对减少,与现代El Niño时期气候态类似;间冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层加深,赤道东、西太平洋温差增大,东亚冬夏季风增强,暖池区降水量相对增加,与现代La Niña时期气候态类似。频谱分析结果表明,西太平洋暖池区海表温度的变化具有偏心率周期(96 ka)。冰消期时,低纬度太阳辐射量的增加,增大了纬向上的SST梯度,并使得次表层海水储存了更多的热量,积累的热量会通过调节次表层环流向暖池区的热传输,最终调控赤道太平洋地区Walker环流强度和ENSO活动的长期变化。而冰期时,南大洋地区降温所引起的东南信风和大洋环流异常可能对类ENSO式起到调控的作用。     

南岭燕山期构造-岩浆热事件与锡田锡钨成矿

燕山期发生的与岩石圈减薄和构造转折有关的壳幔相互作用,引起了地球深部能量和物质向浅部的大规模传输,造成了南岭中生代构造-岩浆热事件,从而为成矿作用提供了必需的热、流体、挥发组分和成矿元素,形成了巨量金属堆积的独特地质背景。处于南岭多金属成矿带中段北缘的锡田锡钨成矿区即是在此热事件作用下,形成了云英岩型、似伟晶岩壳型、夕卡岩型、构造蚀变岩型、石英脉型锡、钨多金属矿床。     

华北石炭二叠纪煤系中I／S间层矿物的研究

华北石炭二叠煤系中的Ｉ／Ｓ间层粘土岩夹矸或粘土岩层，在太行山以东较为发育。Ｉ／Ｓ间层矿物的类型有累托石、ＩＳ有序间层矿物、Ｓ／Ｉ无序间层矿物，它们是在近岸泥岩沼泽或沼泽环境中由同期降落的火山灰蚀变而成，在酸性介质的影响下，形成ＩＳ有序间层矿物，在偏碱性的介质条件下，形成Ｓ／Ｉ无序间层矿物；高压异常区则形成累托石。     

红河断裂北段地球化学分段特征及其与地震活动性的关系

红河断裂是我国境内主要的区域性活动断裂之一，根据地震地质特征，它被分为南北两段。本文引入一种新的分段法—地球化学分段法，依据断裂上温泉的密度、热储温度、循环深度和ＣＯ＿２、Ｆ、Ｌｉ、Ｓｒ、Ｂ的含量等特征，把红河断裂北段进一步划分为四个亚段。笔者认为断裂带中的流体对断裂各亚段弱化程度的不同，是引起各个亚段地震活动性差异的主要原因。     

抱板金矿带金矿床地质特征和成矿规律

矿带中的金矿床以破碎带蚀变岩型金矿为主,金矿化与蚀变作用、燕山期岩脉、NE向戈枕断裂及环形构造关系密切.矿带具有多缀控矿构造,矿床分布具有等距性.     

Characteristic features of atmospheric aerosols over India and their role in warm rain process

Atmospheric aerosols are a crucial link in the physical processes, involved in the formation and growth of precipitating clouds. Extensive aerosol measurements in surface air and in the lower troposphere were made at inland and coastal stations of different regions in India. At inland stations, the hygroscopic fraction of the total aerosol content is found to be a useful characteristic for distinguishing between the monsoon and summer airflow, as well as an indicator for a good or a badly developed monsoon. At coastal stations, however, this feature is not observed.Measurements as a function of height brought out that the aerosol varied widely in air over different seasons. During monsoon, the hygroscopic fraction was found highest at the cloud base level and was closely linked to the development of rain. Details of these investigations are presented.     

Investigation for geothermal energy in Sweden

Preliminary investigations of the geothermal energy potential in Sweden are being carried out in crystalline rocks of Precambrian age, as well as in the Triassic Buntsandstone. The geothermal potential of fracture zones is also being investigated. Different methods for prospecting have been tried and compared.