Comparative study of microstructural characteristics and stored energy of mechanically activated hematite in different grinding environments

Hematite concentrate was mechanically treated using different milling machines and experimental conditions in air atmosphere. The changes in phase constitution, particles size, specific surface area, lattice parameters and X-ray amorphous phase fraction of activated hematite were determined. It was found that the agglomeration of the particles take place during extended milling with accessible pores for Nitrogen gas. The higher media surface brought about the largest specific surface area whatever milling devices used. After 9 h of grinding with higher media surface, the maximum and minimum specific surface area resulted from the grinding in the tumbling and vibratory mills, accounting for 6.83 m²/g and 18.42 m²/g, respectively. For the same grinding condition, tumbling mill produced the lowest X-ray amorphous phase. The maximum X-ray amorphous material estimated around 85% from the grinding in the planetary mill with higher media surface for 9 h of milling.     

水热活化法提取粉煤灰中的氧化铝

采用高压水热活化法对预先烧制的粉煤灰进行碱溶实验,探讨钙硅摩尔比、碱液浓度、液固比、苛性比、反应温度、反应时间等影响因素对于氧化铝溶出率的影响。考虑到氧化铝溶出率及反应成本等各方面因素,得出氧化铝溶出的适宜条件。结果表明：碱溶条件下,钙硅摩尔比为1.0,溶液碱浓度为350 g/L,液固比为10∶1,苛性比为14,反应温度280℃,活化时间为2 h。通过氧化铝溶出工艺条件的优化,可使氧化铝提取率达到95％以上。     

植物固土护坡效应的研究现状及发展趋势

近年来由于自然环境变化和人类工程实践活动的影响,水土流失、滑坡等地质灾害发生的概率逐年提高,这些灾害的发生为当地人们的生产、生活带来了一定程度的危害。利用植物固土护坡方法可有效防治上述地质灾害的发生。植物固土护坡效应主要表现在水文效应和力学效应两方面。水文效应包括植物茎叶的降雨截留作用,植物茎叶削弱雨滴溅蚀作用,植物茎叶及其腐殖质抑制地表径流作用; 力学效应包括须状根系的加筋作用、主直根系的锚固作用和水平根系的牵拉作用等。本文着重探讨了植物护坡表现在水文效应和力学效应两方面的研究现状及其发展趋势。其中,在水文效应方面,对植物茎叶降雨截留及削弱溅蚀等进行了着重探讨; 对于力学效应着重探讨了根系增强土体抗剪强度理论模型、根-土相互作用、植物固土护坡力学效应数值模拟等。在上述基础上,指出了植物固土护坡效应发展趋势,即体现在水文效应方面,需开展大气-土体-植物水分迁移对边坡稳定性影响研究; 根-土复合体强度理论模型方面,进一步探讨Wu-Waldron-Model模型和Fiber-Bundle-Model模型所适用的工况条件; 数值模拟方面,需进一步探讨在建立计算模型时应系统考虑植物根型特征、根系强度等诸因素以及这些因素对计算结果的影响; 在工程实践方面,进一步开展植物护坡方法在边坡工程中的应用,探索植物护坡在不同地质、气候和区域环境条件下的应用与维护,使植物固土护坡效应体现出水文效应、力学效应、景观效应的有机结合。     

水热活化法提取粉煤灰中的氧化铝

采用高压水热活化法对预先烧制的粉煤灰进行碱溶实验,探讨钙硅摩尔比、碱液浓度、液固比、苛性比、反应温度、反应时间等影响因素对于氧化铝溶出率的影响。考虑到氧化铝溶出率及反应成本等各方面因素,得出氧化铝溶出的适宜条件。结果表明:碱溶条件下,钙硅摩尔比为1.0,溶液碱浓度为350 g/L,液固比为10∶1,苛性比为14,反应温度280℃,活化时间为2 h。通过氧化铝溶出工艺条件的优化,可使氧化铝提取率达到95%以上。     

Fault oneoff versus coseismic fluids reaction

The fault activation (fault on) interrupts the enduring fault locking (fault off) and marks the end of a seismic cycle in which the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) acts as a sort of switch. We suggest...     

Heterogeneous Chemistry of Nitryl Halides in Relation to Tropospheric Halogen Activation

The heterogeneous chemistry of nitryl chloride and nitryl bromide by salt containing solutions was studied as a function of temperature in the range from 275 to 293 K with the wetted-wall flowtube combined with FTIR and mass spectrometry detection. Uptake coefficients and values of the product Hk^1/2 on these saline solutions have been determined. For nitryl halides interacting with NaI and NaBr solutions, the values of the product Hk^1/2 are respectively 4384.7±326.7 and 103.1±18.7 M atm^-1 s^-1/2 for nitryl chloride at 275 K and 544.2±94.7 and 47.7±15.2 M atm^-1 s^-1/2 for nitryl bromide at 278 K. When reacting with NaI or NaBr solutions, these heterogeneous reactions release, as major products, the molecular forms of the halogen i.e., respectively I₂ and Br₂. A simplified reaction scheme explaining the formation of these products is presented and is inserted into a model simulating the chemistry in the marine boundary layer. The modelling effort showed Cl and BrO atoms concentrations up to 5×10⁴ and 1.8×10⁶ molecules cm^-3 respectively, which are comparable to values actually measured in field campaigns.     

Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements in Romania Studied by the Moss Biomonitoring Technique

The first systematic study in Romania of atmospheric pollution from heavy metals and other toxic elements based on moss analysis was undertaken as a Romanian–Russian–Norwegian collaboration, primarily in order to assess the general state of heavy metal pollution in Romania. An additional goal was to contribute to the European heavy metals in mosses survey, conducted under the auspices UNECE ICP Vegetation which reports to the Working Group of Effects of the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution Convention. Samples of the moss species Hypnum cupressiforme, Hylocomium splendens and Brachytechium salebrosum and B. rutabulum were collected during the period 1995–2001. A total of 40 elements were determined using NAA and AAS. The total concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, vanadium and zinc are presented in the form of contour maps. Generally, the observed concentrations in Romania are markedly higher than those observed in most other countries of Europe using the moss technique.     

斯里兰卡曼泰遗址出土青花瓷的化学成分分析及产地初探

利用X射线荧光光谱、同步辐射X射线荧光光谱、中子活化、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱等多种技术手段分析了斯里兰卡曼泰遗址出土的7枚青花瓷残片的结构和成分。通过遗址出土部分青花瓷样品和中国各地瓷器样品的瓷胎元素含量聚类分析,初步判断其中的4枚青花瓷残片产自中国景德镇,而其余3枚样品的出处尚不能确定,需作进一步研究。     

活化构造与克拉通破坏的动力学机制研究

热能聚散交替、地幔蠕动是构造–岩浆活化理论创建初期提出的动力学机制假说。深部地质研究开拓了岩浆活化构造动力学研究的深度。许多地球化学家和地球物理学家对中国中新生代构造演化的研究,给热能聚散交替、地幔蠕动假说提供了科学证据。近20年来对华北克拉通破坏的动力机制研究,促进了构造–岩浆活化动力学机制研究的深入。构造–岩浆活化的动力学过程如同克拉通破坏一样,是一个复杂的地质过程:从稳定的地台区到地台活化区,其动力体制的转化既具有渐变到突变的特点,又是呈阶段性发展的;既有时间上的阶段性又有空间上的迁移性。在由地台阶段向地台活化阶段转化的过程中,上地幔化学结构由亏损状态向富集状态转化,地幔交代作用是导致地台活化的先驱事件。中国东部大陆岩石圈减薄的事实证明,控制岩石圈破坏过程中物质交换与能量转换的关键部位发生在壳幔过渡带。通过大陆岩石圈中孔隙波的产生和传播,地幔物质和热量通过壳–幔过渡带传输到地壳中去,导致东部大陆地壳的构造–岩浆活化。由于孔隙波造成物质和热流的向上运动,导致大陆岩石圈热结构发生调整。为了探讨这一机制所导致的上涌流对大陆岩石圈中热结构模式的可能影响,在岩石圈尺度范围内通过数学运算推导出了与上涌流有关的传热问题的理论解。由理论和数值分析获得不同上涌流条件下的大陆岩石圈不同热结构模式与依据地球物理、地质资料获得的大陆岩石圈热结构模式十分吻合。大陆岩石圈内传质传热模型与热能聚集、地幔蠕动是一致的。华北克拉通破坏(地台活化)的数值模拟实验与地质事实证明这是一种主动活化,反映了地幔传导热流与上涌流速率在华北克拉通岩石圈破坏过程中起着的重要作用,而华北克拉通边缘的板块活动是克拉通破坏的导火线。     

滇西金满脉状铜矿床的40Ar-39Ar快中子活化年龄

金满铜矿床是滇西兰坪——思茅盆地中-新生代砂页岩中相当典型的脉状矿床。关于该矿床的成矿时代,多年来一直沿用铅同位素模式年龄,缺乏更为可靠的同位素年龄数据,因而对该矿床乃至盆地内同类矿床成矿作用的认识带来了很大困难。为探讨该矿床的形成时代,作者选取含铜石英脉状矿石中的石英进行⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar快中子活化年龄分析。