Glaciers and climate in Pacific Far NE Russia during the Last Glacial Maximum

A combined geomorphological–physical model approach is used to generate three‐dimensional reconstructions of glaciers in Pacific Far NE Russia during the global Last glacial Maximum (gLGM). The horizontal dimensions of these ice masses are delineated by moraines, their surface elevations are estimated using an iterative flowline model and temporal constraints upon their margins are derived from published age estimates. The equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of these ice masses are estimated, and gLGM climate is reconstructed using a simple degree–day melt model. The results indicate that, during the gLGM, ice masses occupying the Pekulney, Kankaren and Sredinny mountains of Pacific Far NE Russia were of valley glacier and ice field type. These glaciers were between 7 and 80 km in length, and were considerably less extensive than during pre‐LGM phases of advance. gLGM ice masses in these regions had ELAs of between 575 ± 22 m and 1035 ± 41 m (above sea level) – corresponding to an ELA depression of 350–740 m, relative to present. Data indicate that, in the Pekulney Mountains, this ELA depression occurred because of a 6.4°C reduction in mean July temperature, and 200 mm a^?1 reduction in precipitation, relative to present. Thus reconstructions support a restricted view of gLGM glaciation in Pacific Far NE Russia and indicate that the region's aridity precluded the development of large continental ice sheets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

River basin management, Bulgarian case study

The master plans for the management of river basins have been elaborated. The territory of Bulgaria is divided into four main hydrological zones - Danube, Black Sea, East and West Mediterranean hydrological zones. The rivers from Danube zone discharged directly to the Danube river, the North boundary of the country. All rivers from the eastern part of Bulgaria discharged directly to the Black Sea. The rivers from East and West Mediterranean hydrological zones discharged to Mediterranean Sea after flowing trough Greece and/or Turkey. The main river basins in Bulgaria were subjects to the evaluation of master plans.During the elaboration of the master plans the following elements have been investigated:

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Demographical characteristics of the stakeholders in the river basin.

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Economical overview of the stakeholders.

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Estimation of surface water availabilities and resources; Water quantity.

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Groundwater overview and estimation of available groundwater resources.

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Water quality of surface and ground water; sediment load.

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Estimation of water use for domestic, irrational, agricultural and industrial water supply.

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Ecosystems in the river basin; Tundja river basin ecosystems.

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Master Plans elaboration for 2010.

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Water balance calculations for 1998 and 2010.

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of Tundja river basin management. Tundja is one of the biggest tributaries of Mariza river and it is join it in the territory of Turkey. The basin belongs to the East Mediterranean hydrological zone. The hydrological investigations and estimations of natural river flow along the main river body and it’s tributaries will be discussed in details. The calculations concern 1961-2004 study period. Long-term assessment has been performed. The characteristics of the monthly, annual, minimum and maximum river discharges have been obtained.     

天山地块强震活动的时空特征研究

通过对天山地块近百年地震活动时空特征分析表明: ① M_S≥7.0地震沿块体边界成带分布, 南边界带强于北边界带, 南、 北边界带的西部强于东部, 南天山西段是地震活动水平最高、 复发周期最短、 强震序列类型最复杂、 地震危险性最大的地区; ② 地震活动在时间上显示出准周期性, 表现为M_S≥7.0地震具有活跃与平静的交替性及5级以上地震活动度曲线的起伏变化; 最大熵谱计算地震活动度的显著周期为40年, 小波分析给出40年左右周期系数的时间曲线表明, 7级以上地震都发生在曲线由最高值至最低值的下降段, 而上升段为强震的平静期; ③ 在强震活跃期及平静期, 中强以上地震(M_S≥5.0)在块体的不同部位(地块南、 北边界带及块体内部)的分布状态和活动水平存在明显的差异, 在活跃期南、 北边界带中强以上地震的集中性和成带性强, 且彼此活动水平差异小, 但与块体内部差异大; 而在平静期南、 北边界带的活动水平差异大, 块体内部地震活动显著增强; ④ 在活跃期, 天山地块南、 北边界带强震活动存在一定的呼应关系, 当一个边发生强震后, 另一边在数天至数年也存在发生强震的可能。     

强震前大小地震比例关系及在地震预报中的应用

针对目前广泛使用的b 值对资料要求较高的缺陷, 利用贝叶斯判别准则, 计算强震前中小地震数比p 值的方法, 计算了西北地区6 级以上地震前中小地震比例的变化情况, 结果表明该值与6 级以上地震有明显的对应关系, 地震一般发生在p 值高值异常区, 说明该方法对西北地区6 级以上地震有一定的预测意义, 同时对p 值的物理意义进行了探讨。     

Climate variability during the Last Glacial Maximum in eastern Australia: evidence of two stadials?

A high‐resolution, multiproxy record encompassing the last glacial–interglacial transition is presented for Native Companion Lagoon, a coastal site in subtropical eastern Australia. Rates of aeolian sedimentation in the lake were established by trace element analyses of lacustrine sediments and used as a proxy for aridity. In conjunction with sediment moisture content, charcoal and pollen these provide a multi‐decadal record of palaeoenvironmental variability for the period 33–18 k cal. yr BP. Results indicate that the Last Glacial Maximum in eastern Australia spanned almost 10 k cal. yr, and was characterised by two distinct cold dry events at approximately 30.8 k cal. yr BP and 21.7 k cal. yr BP. Provenance of selected sediment samples by trace element geochemical fingerprinting shows that continental sourced aeolian sediments originated primarily from South Australia during these cold events and from sites in central Australia during the intervening time. Used in combination with a pollen record, the provenance of long‐travelled dust to mainland sites shows that the two cold events were characterised by frequent meridional dry southwesterly winds rather than zonal westerly airflow as previously believed. The intervening period was cool and humid, which we infer as being associated with more frequent southeasterly winds of maritime origin. These results lend support to previous research that indicates the Southern Hemisphere experienced a period of widespread climatic amelioration at the height of the last glacial known as the Antarctic Isotopic Maximum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山东济宁何岗煤矿下组煤水文地质条件研究

对济宁何岗煤矿16上、17煤水文地质条件进行补充勘探。研究认为济宁何岗煤矿井田内主要含水层有第四纪砂砾层,山西组3上、3下煤层顶底板砂岩、太原组三灰、十下灰、十三灰及奥陶纪灰岩。16上、17煤的主要水害是太原组下部灰岩水和奥灰水,16上、17煤水文地质条件属中等局部复杂类型,开采时的矿井最大涌水量为816m3／h。断层和裂隙是诱发突水的主要因素,生产中必须采取有效的安全防水措施。     

空气枪震源在水库区煤田高精度三维地震勘探中的应用

库区水上煤田高精度三维地震勘探,存在重复冲击、鸣震、交混回响等干扰。以华北某水库区水上勘探为例,在分析空气枪震源类型、组合方式、组合距离、沉放深度、工作压力等参数的激发特性与试验基础上．选用空气枪沉放深度2m、三枪组合激发、压电检波器沉放水底接收的数据采集方法。为保证点位准确及减少二次放缆误差．压电检波器采用定位系统与导航软件进行实时导航抛缆定位。激发点则采用导航软件与定位系统定时导航激发。针对水上资料的特点,重点做好静校正、去噪等处理工作。通过对三维数据体的综合解释,取得了可靠的地质成果。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000254

The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters.In particular,the behavior of earth resembles the non-linearity applications.An efficient tool is needed for the interpretation of geophysical parameters to study the subsurface of the earth.Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) perform certain tasks if the structure of the network is modified accordingly for the purpose it has been used.The three most robust networks were taken and comparatively analyzed for their performance to choose the appropriate network.The single-layer feed-forward neural network with the back propagation algorithm is chosen as one of the well-suited networks after comparing the results.Initially,certain synthetic data sets of all three-layer curves have been taken for training the network,and the network is validated by the Held datasets collected from Tuticorin Coastal Region(78°7′30″E and 8°48′45″N),Tamil Nadu.India.The interpretation has been done successfully using the corresponding learning algorithm in the present study.With proper training of back propagation networks,it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data concerning the synthetic data trained earlier in the appropriate network.The network is trained with more Vertical Electrical Sounding(VES) data,and this trained network is demonstrated by the field data.Groundwater table depth also has been modeled.     

加拿大乏燃料处置的研发工作

论述了加拿大从1974年至今的乏燃料地质处置的研发工作,并对2002年以后研发工作中的某些问题进行了较详细的介绍：加拿大核废物管理机构、加拿大第4个乏燃料处置方案——可调整的分期管理（APM）方案的产生、APM方案的特点及其实施的技术路线,以及今后5a（2011-2015年）的战略计划。     

海洋次表层叶绿素最大值的特征因子及其影响因素

在多数情况下,海水中叶绿素垂直分布是不均匀的。次表层叶绿素最大值是其中较为常见的一种形式,普遍存在于大洋及沿岸海域。次表层叶绿素最大值层(SCML)的深度、厚度与强度是表征海洋次表层叶绿素最大值(SCM)现象的主要特征因子,受海洋水文环境、营养盐分布以及浮游植物种类等因素共同影响,在不同季节不同海区的分布有较大差异。总体上,相对近海,大洋中SCML特征因子的季节变化较小,SCML深度较大,厚度较大,强度较小。寡营养盐海区SCML深度及强度的影响因素研究已有较明确结论,SCML深度主要受物理因素(光照条件及水体混合程度)影响,而强度则受物理、生物因素(光照条件、水体混合程度或浮游动物摄食等)共同影响。近海富营养盐海区,SCML特征因子的影响因素研究较为薄弱。长时间序列、高分辨率观测站在相应海区的建立,对推进海洋SCM,尤其是近海SCM的研究有重要意义。卫星观测、现场观测和数学模型相结合,定量研究SCML特征因子与各物理、生物、化学因子的普适性关系,是进一步研究SCML特征因子的重要方向之一。