蒸发蒸腾作用下非饱和土的吸力和变形影响因素分析

采用热湿耦合非等温流方程,结合实际蒸发和植物蒸腾的边界条件,考虑了水分迁移所引发的非饱和土应力变形行为,从而建立了大气-非饱和土相互作用模型。采用该模型对控制非饱和土吸力和变形的大气蒸发和植物蒸腾等多参数进行了影响程度分析。结果表明,控制地面吸力和变形的主导因素是外部气象条件,尤其太阳净辐射量和风速,土体水力和热力特性参数影响程度有限;在植被覆盖条件下,吸力变化主要取决于植物叶面积指数LAI,而总腾发量的大小决定了地表变形量。     

抗滑桩加固非饱和土边坡三维稳定性分析

讨论了抗滑桩加固边坡的稳定分析研究状况,在全面地考虑基质吸力和抗滑桩对边坡稳定性的贡献后,利用所发展的可考虑基质吸力的弹塑性强度折减有限元程序,探讨了抗滑桩加固前后的非饱和土边坡整体稳定性,并且与相应不考虑基质吸力条件下的边坡稳定性进行了对比分析。     

非饱和花岗岩残积土崩解机制试验研究

为研究非饱和花岗岩残积土的崩解机制,将取自广州的残积土试样根据不同含水率和压实度进行制备,用自制仪器进行崩解性试验,并对相关公式进行修正并用于试验数据处理。同时,从微观角度将土颗粒的粒间受力状态进行简化分析,继而对非饱和花岗岩残积土的崩解机制进行分析,结果表明,主要控制因素为孔隙气压（有效孔隙率）和基质吸力。结合试验结果,建立崩解稳定阶段平均速度与有效空洞率及基质吸力的关系,结果表明,分别呈指数函数和对数函数正相关。     

干密度对非饱和膨胀土水分迁移参数的影响

研究了非饱和膨胀土的两个水分迁移参数--水体积变化系数 和渗透系数kw,得出非饱和膨胀土的水分迁移参数 和kw并非恒值,是基质吸力的函数,而基质吸力与含水率密切相关。因此,其参数大小随含水率变化而变化。此外,还明显受到干密度的影响,随干密度的不同而变化。取得了考虑干密度和含水率的水体积变化系数 、渗透系数kw和基质吸力之间的非线性关系,为进一步研究非饱和膨胀土地基水分场变化提供基础资料。     

滑坡防治前后滑带土基质吸力特征研究

降雨使坡内地下水位上升,坡体的基质吸力和暂态孔隙水压力会随着降雨过程和时间呈现不同的变化趋势。采用抗滑桩、挡墙等工程防治后,针对滑坡体滑带土的性质变化以及抗滑结构的设置是否会影响到滑坡体的自然排水通道,导致坡体地下水位的抬升,从而影响滑坡防治效果等问题进行了研究。以鹰厦线K290滑坡为主线,通过开展滑坡饱和-非饱和渗流模型试验与数值分析,探讨了降雨入渗及地下水位变化下滑坡体及滑带土体积含水率与基质吸力的变化规律,以及其对滑坡防治前后坡体渗流场的影响。在此基础上,探讨了滑带土基质吸力对抗剪强度的贡献。研究表明：防治前后滑坡体及滑带土基质吸力受降雨强度等条件影响明显,不同深度处滑带土基质吸力变化呈现不同的变化规律,在土质滑坡的防治中应考虑抗滑桩的布置对滑带土性质的影响。     

沙质土壤水分运动参数研究

利用土壤水动力学原理,在室内测定了沙质土壤水分特征曲线、饱和导水率和非饱和导水率。在沙地葡萄园,建立观测场,埋设中子管和负压计,观测水分和吸力变化,基质吸力随土层加深而减小,10 cm处全年最大为126 cm水柱(12.4k Pa),30 cm处全年最大为116 cm水柱(11.4k Pa)。4月份吸力最大,土壤最干燥,7月份吸力最小,土壤最湿润。     

尾矿坝非饱和带滞水曲线模型的建立及应用

尾矿坝非饱和带的滞水现象是影响坝体稳定性的重要因素。基于尾矿沉积物土工技术的经验参数,建立了含水率与基质吸力的经验模型。经黄山岭铅锌矿尾矿坝和试验室模拟分析验证,预测结果与实际观测结果基本吻合。     

A peridynamics model for strain localization analysis of geomaterials

Geomaterials such as sand and clay are highly heterogeneous multiphase materials. Nonlocality (or a characteristic length scale) in modeling geomaterials based on the continuum theory can be associated with several factors, for instance, the physical interactions of material points within finite distance, the homogenization or smoothing process of material heterogeneity, and the particle or problem size-dependent mechanical behavior (eg, the thickness of shear bands) of geomaterials. In this article, we formulate a nonlocal elastoplastic constitutive model for geomaterials by adapting a local elastoplastic model for geomaterials at a constant suction through the constitutive correspondence principle of the state-based peridynamics theory. We numerically implement this nonlocal constitutive model via the classical return-mapping algorithm of computational plasticity. We first conduct a one-dimensional compression test of a soil sample at a constant suction through the numerical model with three different values of the nonlocal variable (horizon) δ. We then present a strain localization analysis of a soil sample under the constant suction and plane strain conditions with different nonlocal variables. The numerical results show that the proposed nonlocal model can be used to simulate the inception and propagation of shear banding as well as to capture the thickness of shear bands in geomaterials at a constant suction.     

A fully coupled simple model for unsaturated soils

Different phenomena influence the strength and volumetric behavior of unsaturated soils. Among the most important are suction hardening, hydraulic hysteresis, and the influence of volumetric strain on the soil-water retention curves. Fully coupled hydro-mechanical models require including all three phenomena in their constitutive relationships. Among these phenomena, suction hardening is the most influencing as it determines the apparent preconsolidation stress, the position of the loading-collapse yield surface, and the shift of both the isotropic consolidation and the critical state lines. In this paper, a fully coupled hydro mechanical model is presented. It is based on the modified Cam-Clay model but includes a yield surface with anisotropic hardening that takes account of the shift of the critical state line with suction. For highly overconsolidated materials, the sub-loading surface concept has been included in order to increase the precision of the model for these materials. The shift of the retention curves produced by volumetric strains is simulated using a hydraulic model based on the grain and current pore size distribution of the soil.     

Stability of streambanks formed in partially saturated soils and effects of negative pore water pressures: the Sieve River (Italy)

Streambanks of alluvial channels are usually composed of loose materials, which are unsaturated in ambient conditions. Unsaturated soils are subject to negative pore water pressures, which cause an apparent cohesion. The latter is the main factor in allowing the stability of near-vertical banks. Even during moderate in-bank flow events, the apparent cohesion can be strongly reduced as the material approaches full saturation; therefore, during the drawdown phase, as the confining pressure of the water in the channel disappears, a bank failure is likely to occur. Channel bed-level lowering along the Sieve River, Central Italy, has caused widespread bank instability. A geomorphological reconnaissance of forms and processes was followed by in situ tests to determine the shear strength of the banks. Interpretation of the tests and a streambank stability analysis were based on concepts of soil mechanics for unsaturated soils, in order to obtain relations between bank angle and height in limit equilibrium conditions. A stability chart was obtained with curves for different apparent cohesion values, and a stability analysis was performed taking into account the effects of flow events. In order to investigate the pore pressure effects, a series of piezo-tensiometers were installed in a streambank of the Sieve River. Data from a 1 year monitoring period show variations in pore water pressure and matric suction as a consequence of rainfall, evapotranspiration, and water stage variations. A planar failure with a tension crack occurred in the upper cohesive part of the bank during December 1996. The safety factor has been expressed as a function of the geometry of the bank and of the shear strength of the material. Safety factor variations through time are therefore shown as a function of seasonal variations in matric suction.