地热深水井蓬堵事故的处理及预防

通过对一起地热深水井常见事故类型：填砾或投放止水泥球、固井石子发生的蓬堵事故原因的分析,提出了正冲、反吸排渣处理蓬堵事故的工艺及预防措施。并简要介绍了处理该类事故所需的机具及工艺。     

北京地铁十号线熊猫环岛车站降水工程技术

结合北京地铁十号线熊猫环岛车站降水工程实践,介绍了利用反循环钻机施工管井工艺、抽渗结合法进行基坑降水的方法;并对其地下水监测及沉降监测等施工技术、降水对周围环境的影响及防治措施,以及施工中出现的问题和处理经验进行总结。     

非饱和残坡积土强度随含水量变化的改进BP神经网络预测研究

水是导致残坡积土边坡滑坡的最主要原因,因此研究水对残坡积土力学性质的影响具有重要的理论和工程实际意义。本文在普通三轴仪上进行非饱和残坡积土的强度试验,并基于试验结果建立了非饱和残坡积土强度随含水量变化的改进BP神经网络预测模型。模型计算结果与试验结果对比分析表明,该神经网络预测模型具有较高的拟和精度和良好的泛化能力,能较好地预测试验含水量范围内任意含水量下对应的非饱和残坡积土应力-应变关系,从而能够弥补室内试验由于设计方案等自身缺陷引起的不足。研究结果可为工程应用提供参考。     

非饱和红土基质吸力与含水率及密度关系试验研究

非饱和土中存在的基质吸力对其性质有着十分重要的影响,而基质吸力又与土的含水率之间存在着密切的关系。为了探讨基质吸力与非饱和红土含水率和密度之间的关系,采用滤纸法在试验室进行了基质吸力的量测,得到了不同干密度下非饱和红土的土-水特征曲线,拟合出了该类非饱和红土土-水特征曲线公式。试验结果分析表明：在相同的干密度下,随着含水率的增加,基质吸力呈现出急剧减小的趋势。当含水率 <24 %时,这一变化规律特别明显。对参数 分析发现,在非饱和状态下基质吸力对红土强度的提高是有限的。通过分析不同干密度对基质吸力的影响规律得出,基质吸力在含水率较高时对密度状态的变化不敏感,而在含水率较低时对密度状态的变化比较敏感。     

花岗岩风化土崩岗破坏机理分析

崩岗破坏是红层土中特有的破坏形式,在花岗岩风化土中发育更为强烈,这与花岗岩风化土自身的力学性质有关。本文认为花岗岩风化土自身的结构性、粒间吸力特性决定了其遇水软化和崩解的性质,花岗岩风化土软化主要表现为减压软化和损伤软化,花岗岩风化土颗粒粒径和孔隙大小不均匀性,以至土体在吸水过程中吸力不平衡导致其崩解作用。花岗岩风化土遇水发生软化和崩解是崩岗发生的内因,为崩岗破坏水土流失提供了物质来源,长期的水与重力作用是崩岗发生的外因,为崩岗持续发展提供了动力,在上述内因和外因作用下,最终形成了崩岗地貌。     

Fuzzy modeling of holding capacity of offshore suction caisson anchors

A fuzzy algorithm, the Takagi–Sugeno model, is implemented to develop a fuzzy inference system for predicting the holding capacity of suction caisson foundations for offshore platforms. The premise parameters of the fuzzy model are optimized by using a subtractive clustering algorithm. The consequent parameters are optimally determined via a weighted least square estimation. The input variables used for training the fuzzy model include the aspect ratio of the caisson, the undrained shear strength of the clay, and the angle that the chain force forms with the horizontal. The output of the proposed fuzzy model is the capacity of the suction caisson anchor. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy modeling framework, the results of extensive finite element analyses are investigated. Comparisons of the trained fuzzy model with the data demonstrate that the proposed modeling framework is an effective method to estimate the holding capacity of offshore suction caisson systems. Moreover, the performance of the fuzzy model is robust against higher levels of input data uncertainties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非饱和土剑桥模型的基本框架

分析了用有效应力原理和用两个应力变量建立非饱和土力学理论的区别与联系，借助于有效应力原理将饱和土的剑桥模型推广到非饱和土，并与现有的几种塑性模型作了对比分析。     

基于图像测量方法的非饱和压实土三轴试样变形测量

在控制吸力的非饱和土三轴试验中对试样进行变形测量,常规方法都存在一些难以克服的技术缺陷。数字图像测量技术的引入,为避免常规测量方法的技术缺陷对试验结果的影响提供了一种新的解决方案。同时,能够更加准确地测量受端部约束影响较小的试样中部1/3区域的局部轴向变形、径向变形和估算体积变形。在控制吸力条件下进行了非饱和压实土的三轴压缩试验,运用数字图像测量方法测量试样整体与中部1/3区域的变形,将两组试验数据进行比较分析,结果表明：端部约束对非饱和土试样变形有明显的影响,试样中部1/3区域的变形性质与试样整体存在明显差异,其试验结果更能反映非饱和土试样的基本变形性质。     

Response of skirted suction caissons to monotonic lateral loading in saturated medium sand

Monotonic lateral load model tests were carried out on steel skirted suction caissons embedded in the saturated medium sand to study the bearing capacity. A three-dimensional continuum finite element model was developed with Z_SOIL software. The numerical model was calibrated against experimental results. Soil deformation and earth pressures on skirted caissons were investigated by using the finite element model to extend the model tests. It shows that the ＂skirted＂ structure can significantly increase the lateral capacity and limit the deflection, especially suitable for offshore wind turbines, compared with regular suction caissons without the ＂skirted＂ at the same load level. In addition, appropriate determination of rotation centers plays a crucial role in calculating the lateral capacity by using the analytical method. It was also found that the rotation center is related to dimensions of skirted suction caissons and loading process, i.e. the rotation center moves upwards with the increase of the ＂skirted＂ width and length; moreover, the rotation center moves downwards with the increase of loading and keeps constant when all the sand along the caisson＇s wall yields. It is so complex that we cannot simply determine its position like the regular suction caisson commonly with a specified position to the length ratio of the caisson.     

桶形基础的稳定性试验研究

桶形基础平台在环境载荷作用下承力机理不同桩基平台,本文通过室内模型试验分析研究桶形基础的稳定性,给出了部分试验曲线,得出了试验结论,并建议按规范要求进行稳定性设计。