广西红粘土击实样强度特性与胀缩性能

通过对广西贵港红粘土重型击实样的室内试验研究,探讨了其力学特性、胀缩性能、孔径分布特征与含水量之间的关系。结果表明：干密度指标总体上能反映红粘土击实样的强度规律,但非饱和击实样强度峰值对应的含水量因基质吸力作用而偏小,饱和后土体由于吸水膨胀与基质吸力的消失,使得强度峰值对应含水量较饱和前明显增大,红粘土在最优含水量下压实,虽可获得很高的压实度,但饱和后的强度并非最大;红粘土击实样的胀缩性能主要由含水量决定,同时,受到干密度的影响;孔隙主要以孔径在0.01～0.05μm范围内的小孔隙为主,为进一步掌握红粘土的工程力学特性提供了帮助。     

非饱和抗剪强度指标c、φ值与含水率w的关系

非饱和土力学已经确认了基质吸力与非饱和土的强度指标有关,而基质吸力与含水率有着密切的关系。通过理论和三轴剪切试验分析,探讨了非饱和残积土抗剪强度指标c、φ与含水率ω变化的一般规律;同时结合已经推出的土水特征曲线关系,探讨抗剪强度指标c、φ与基质吸力μ的变化的一般规律。结果表明:随着非饱和土含水率ω增加、基质吸力μ的减小,黏聚力c有减少的趋势,内摩擦角φ变化不大。通过线性回归分析,黏聚力与含水率成半对数线性关系,黏聚力与基质吸力成线性关系。现有的非饱和土实用公式精确性较差,非饱和土抗剪强度指标有待进一步的研究与完善。     

非饱和黏土动力特性及等价黏弹性模型的试验研究

针对非饱和重塑黏土,利用改进的非饱和土静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在固结排水（CD）条件下进行了应力控制式分级加载的循环三轴试验,通过对试验结果的对比分析,探讨了初始固结压力和基质吸力(孔隙气压力Ua与孔隙水压力Uw之差)对非饱和土动应力-动应变关系特性的影响。以此为基础,将Hardin-Drnerich等价黏弹性模型和Masing加卸载准则进行了改进,并得到了可以考虑基质吸力的非饱和黏土的等价黏弹性模型。进而对试验数据与模型预测结果进行比较,结果表明这种改进的非饱和土等价黏弹性模型能较好预测各种基质吸力下非饱和土的动应力-动应变关系。     

泥石流成因机理的非饱和土力学理论研究

泥石流是一种具有较强破坏力的自然山地灾害。对于它的预报研究历来为人们所重视，并建立了很多雨量预报模型。然而，这些雨量预报模型的预报时间很短，往往只能在灾害发生前几十分钟作出预报。论文应用非饱和土强度理论对降雨型泥石漉的成园机理进行了研究，提出降雨型泥石流的形成过程可以划分为2个阶段：第一个阶段与前期实效降雨量有关；第二个阶段与短历时强降雨有关。并对各个阶段降雨作用机理以及固体松散物质的力学性质变化特征进行探讨。为预先判断在降雨条件下，会不会发生泥石流以及所需要的降雨量和雨型提供依据。     

不同渗流边界条件下粉砂边坡失稳模型试验研究

研究不同渗流边界条件下粉砂边坡的稳定特性对滑坡安全评价及防灾减灾具有重要意义。开发研制了室内边坡模型试验系统,分别进行了在上部边界入渗、侧向边界入渗和底部边界入渗的边坡失稳模型试验。分析了各试验中边坡内部不同位置体积含水率、孔隙水压力和基质吸力的变化规律以及坡体破坏过程。结果表明,不同入渗边界条件下边坡土体局部由非饱和变为饱和状态,基质吸力消失,最后在坡面形成不稳定区域塌落破坏。上部边界入渗、侧向边界入渗和底部边界入渗所引起的破坏模式根据其特点可分为局部浅层破坏、多级后退式破坏和坡面滑动破坏。通过监测边坡不同位置的体积含水率,可以为渗流引发的边坡失稳预警机制提供参考依据。     

蒸发量与土壤湿度和地下通量关系的模式

土壤水分和蒸发量是水文循环和能量交换过程中一项重要因素.本文根据非饱和土壤水流运动的基本理论,考虑到在地下水位较高的湿润地区,蒸发层中土壤湿度可以得到地下水的补给,作者提出蒸发量与土壤湿度和地下水通量关系的模式.模式中为单一土壤吸力函数,在实际计算中十分简便.     

独头巷道抽出式通风有效吸程的计算

应用流体平面流动理论推导独头巷道抽出式通风有效吸程计算式,并根据试验观测结果分析了影响有效吸程的因素。     

Experimental Study of Pore Pressure and Deformation of Suction Bucket Foundations Under Horizontal Dynamic Loading

Centrifuge experiments are carried out to investigate the responses of suction bucket foundations under horizontal dynamic loading. The effects of loading amplitude, the size of the bucket and the structural weight on the dynamic responses are investigated. It is shown that, when the loading amplitude is over a critical value, the sand at the upper part around the bucket softens or even liquefies. The liquefaction index （excess pore pressure divided by initial effective stress. In this paper, the developmental degree of excess pore pressure is described by liquefaction index） decreases from the upper part to the lower part of the sand foundation in the vertical direction and decreases from near to far away from the bucket＇s side wall in the horizontal direction, large settlements of the bucket and the sand around the bucket are induced by the horizontal dynamic loading. The dynamic responses of the bucket of a smaller height （when the diameter is the same） are heavier. A cyclic crack some distance near the bucket occurs in the sand.     

Pullout capacity of embedded suction anchors in sand

An analytical solution has been developed to estimate the horizontal, vertical, and inclined loading pullout capacities of embedded suction anchors in sand. Validation of the analytical solution on pullout capacities has been made through comparisons with the centrifuge model test results. Primary variables for the centrifuge model tests are the depth to the loading point, the load inclination angle, and the addition of flanges. The results indicate that both the horizontal and vertical pullout capacities of the embedded suction anchor in sand increase, reach the peak and then start to decrease as the loading point moves downward. The inclined loading pullout capacity is very much dependent on the load inclination angle and the loading point. The effect of flanges on the pullout capacities is also found to be significant.     

Micromechanical aspects of the shear strength of wet granular soils

This paper presents a micromechanical model for the analysis of wet granular soils at low saturation (below 30%). The discrete element method is employed to model the solid particles. The capillary water is assumed to be in a pendular state and thus exists in the form of liquid bridges at the particle‐to‐particle contacts. The resulting inter‐particle adhesion is accounted for using the toroidal approximation of the bridge. Hydraulic hysteresis is accounted for based on the possible mechanism of the formation and breakage of the liquid bridges during wetting and drying phases. Shear test computational simulations were conducted at different water contents under relatively low net normal stresses. The results of these simulations suggest that capillary‐induced attractive forces and hydraulic hysteresis play an important role in affecting the shear strength of the soil. These attractive forces produce a tensile stress that contributes to the apparent cohesion of the soil and increases its stiffness. During a drying phase, capillary‐induced tensile stresses, and hence shear strength, tend to be larger than those during a wetting phase. The proposed model appears to capture the macroscopic response of wet granular materials and revealed a number of salient micromechanical mechanisms and response patterns consistent with theoretical considerations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.