上海地区基于静力触探的液化判别分析

上海地区(及其他软土地区)以静探触探作为岩土工程勘察的主要原位测试手段,积累了大量的工程数据,其结果稳定可靠,重现性好,具客观性。采用上海地区静探液化判别方法,对收集的大量资料进行统计分析,以期通过静探Ps值快速、简单地作出地基土是否液化的初步判断,有效指导勘察设计工作。     

Methods of setting depth range with credibility of conductor for deepwater drilling based on probability statistics

Becasuse of the deep water depth and long riser of deepwater drilling, the stability of subsea wellhead is threatened. Meanwhile, the setting depth of conductor directly affects the mechanical stability of subsea wellhead. Through analyzing the impact of different factors on the setting depth of conductor, we found that the bearing capacity growth factor of subsea soil has a great influence on the setting depth of conductor. However, the coefficient is a regional and empirical constant, which seriously affects the accuracy and reliability of the results. In this paper, probability statistics and geostatistics methods are employed to count the bearing capacity growth factor of target point's adjacent wells, as well as transplant and predict the target point through differential arithmetic, which can obtain the predictive value of target point's coefficient containing probability information. Finally, we can obtain the setting depth range with credibility of conductor. This is conducive to designers to calculate the setting depth of conductor with other uncertain factors taken into account, and reasonably control the potential risks.     

基于特征区域统计的多光谱遥感影像海岛瞬时岸线提取(英文)

本研究采用IKONOS遥感图像,选取波谱特征区,通过区域像元统计并计算各波段权重系数,将影像进行波谱归一化处理,使归一化的影像岛陆与海水特征更明显。在此基础上,采用最大类间方差法确定最佳分割阈值,对归一化的影像进行二值化,从而提取海岛岸线。该方法采用特征曲线法进行水陆分离,得到的二值图像保持了原图的有效边缘,采用二值形态学提取的海岸线连续可靠、信噪比高。结果表明,该方法简单、快速,能有效提取海岸线,具有实用价值。     

Determination of the crop row orientations from Formosat-2 multi-temporal and panchromatic images

This paper presents a technique developed for the retrieval of the orientation of crop rows, over anthropic lands dedicated to agriculture in order to further improve estimate of crop production and soil erosion management. Five crop types are considered: wheat, barley, rapeseed, sunflower, corn and hemp. The study is part of the multi-sensor crop-monitoring experiment, conducted in 2010 throughout the agricultural season (MCM’10) over an area located in southwestern France, near Toulouse. The proposed methodology is based on the use of satellite images acquired by Formosat-2, at high spatial resolution in panchromatic and multispectral modes (with spatial resolution of 2 and 8 m, respectively). Orientations are derived and evaluated for each image and for each plot, using directional spatial filters (45° and 135°) and mathematical morphology algorithms. “Single-date” and “multi-temporal” approaches are considered. The single-date analyses confirm the good performances of the proposed method, but emphasize the limitation of the approach for estimating the crop row orientation over the whole landscape with only one date. The multi-date analyses allow (1) determining the most suitable agricultural period for the detection of the row orientations, and (2) extending the estimation to the entire footprint of the study area. For the winter crops (wheat, barley and rapeseed), best results are obtained with images acquired just after harvest, when surfaces are covered by stubbles or during the period of deep tillage (0.27 > R² > 0.99 and 7.15° > RMSE > 43.02°). For the summer crops (sunflower, corn and hemp), results are strongly crop and date dependents (0 > R² > 0.96, 10.22° > RMSE > 80°), with a well-marked impact of flowering, irrigation equipment and/or maximum crop development. Last, the extent of the method to the whole studied zone allows mapping 90% of the crop row orientations (more than 45,000 ha) with an error inferior to 40°, associated to a confidence index ranging from 1 to 5 for each agricultural plot.     

《西北地质》2001～2012年总被引频次的统计与分析

期刊的总被引频次在期刊的统计与分析中是十分重要的,笔者利用中国科学技术信息研究所出版的《中国科技期刊引证报告》(核心板)(CJCR)和万方数据出版的《中国期刊引证研究报告》(扩展版)(WD)等二家比较著名的统计机构的统计数据,对《西北地质》总被引频次进行了统计与分析。为了不断提高《西北地质》的办刊质量,笔者重点对《西北地质》2001~2012年的总被引频次及相关数据进行了统计与分析。结果表明:《西北地质》从2001~2012年在《中国科技期刊引证报告》(核心版)中的总被引频次增加了416,总被引频次增长率为660.32﹪。《西北地质》从2003~2012年在《中国科技期刊引证报告》中的总被引频次增加了782,总被引频次增长率为1133.33﹪。事实说明,《西北地质》多年来总被引频次一直在稳步上升。最后,笔者分析了影响期刊总被引频次的因素,对如何提高期刊的总被引频次提出了合理化的建议。     

Homogeneity testing of microanalytical reference materials by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)

Homogeneity testing of candidate reference materials requires distinguishing the effects of measurement uncertainty of the analytical method from true compositional variations within the material. Many in situ microanalytical techniques do not allow classical ANOVA homogeneity testing due to the infeasibility of truly replicated analyses on the same analysis volume. This also applies to the analysis of beam-sensitive and light element-bearing materials by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). This reality has led me to reconsider the homogeneity index approach used in the testing of microanalytical reference materials by EPMA. Based on statistical considerations, I show that the homogeneity index is suitable for statistical significance testing using F and chi-squared statistics and allows estimating the contribution of compositional heterogeneity to the total uncertainty budget of the referenced values. However, there are problems of bias and masking of small compositional variations by measurement uncertainty. This contribution shows the strong impact of the total number of measurements on the resolution of a microanalytical homogeneity study and discusses how to quantify the relative contribution of heterogeneity to the total uncertainty budget. I present an example of EPMA to illustrate this approach and show some pitfalls and limitations in its application.     

四川宣汉盘龙洞长兴组白云岩组构定向与统计特征及其成因意义

四川盆地东北部发育的长兴组礁滩相白云岩层是油气勘探的重点对象,盘龙洞剖面是四川盆地发育最好的长兴组露头,其成岩作用研究对于认识川东北长兴组储层的形成演化控制因素具有很强的借鉴作用。白云岩的组构和产状包含了成因信息,笔者根据薄片观察发现白云石交代结构可分为"均一"与"不等晶"交代两种类型,过渡关系与阴极发光观察结果均表明细中晶是由粉晶发育而来的,且细中晶白云石具"组构定向"现象。首次对该地区白云岩的组构进行了定量统计。统计结果表明,细中晶白云石粒径大小和含量在纵向上有明显的变化规律,含量自上而下减少、粒径变小。结合成岩作用、流体包裹体、阴极发光研究结果综合分析后认为:白云石化作用开始于成岩早期,白云化流体具有低温、高盐度的特点,白云化流体自上而下运移。     

乌兰察布市气象资料应用处理与共享技术分析

乌兰察布市气象资料应用处理与共享系统,以该市已经建成的自动气象站实时监测数据为信息资源,充分利用信息网络通讯技术和数据库存储与查询、分析、统计技术,实现全市气象部门自动气象站资料的整合与管理。通过气象资料应用处理与共享平台的建设,实现了气象资料在全市气象部门内的高效共享,并提高了气象资料在业务领域和服务领域的使用率和共享率。     

城市消防应急指挥地理信息服务系统开发研究

阐述了GIS(地理信息系统)的概念、特点以及GIS技术应用的范围,分析了城市消防附属设施资源与GIS技术的紧密相关特性。以城市消防部门应用需求为基础,提出了基于GIS技术的城市消防应急指挥地理信息系统结构设计、数据库设计、专题空间地理信息数据设计、功能设计等。最后结合哈尔滨市城市消防应急指挥地理信息系统开发试验,展示了部分项目开发内容。     

浅析ArcGIS ModelBuilder在广东省“三旧”改造数据检查与统计中的应用

"三旧"改造是国土资源部与广东省联合开展的部省合作,推进节约、集约用地试点示范省工作的重要措施,"三旧"改造地块标图建库为"三旧"改造顺利实施提供数据支撑。本文主要介绍了利用ArcGIS软件ModelBuilder建模功能制作检查和统计工具,快速准确地对广东省"三旧"改造地块标图建库成果进行检查和统计的案例和经验。