自201井区页岩气井水平段安全高效钻井技术

自201井区是中石油部署在自贡市荣县地区的重点页岩气勘探开发区域,根据该井区的钻井工程实践,水平段工程难点主要有坍塌掉块严重、井壁稳定性差、轨迹控制困难、优质储层钻遇率低、起下钻阻卡频繁等高风险井下故障,严重制约了安全高效施工。针对上述难题,研选无扶螺杆优化钻具组合,降低下部钻具组合的刚性和摩阻;同时,研制了可塑性变形粒子和刚性封堵材料的封堵剂复配配方,在提高密度的基础上,强化了油基钻井液对井壁的支撑性及封堵性,确保了水平段安全高效钻进。实现了自201井区页岩气水平井正常完钻,并且与前期完钻井相比,本轮施工节约钻井周期34.12%,优质储层钻遇率100%,为该区块安全高效作业提供了参考,为增储上产奠定了基础。     

滨北地区埕南断层晚更新世活动证据及其地震危险性意义

埕南断层是埕宁隆起与济阳凹陷的边界断层,也是滨北地区1条规模最大的重要断层,采用浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,确定了埕南断层准确位置,探明了断层的产状,揭露了上断点深度。钻探结果显示,埕南断层为正断特征,倾向南或南东,倾角70°～80°,断层上断点埋深44.3～46.4 m,断距1.0～1.3 m。通过年代学测试确定了错断地层的年代,获得埕南断层错断晚更新世地层的证据,埕南断层晚更新世活动证据的发现对滨北地区地震危险性再认识具有重要意义和价值。     

不同岩性火山岩孔隙度压力敏感性及其影响因素：以长岭断陷火山岩为例

为了解不同岩性火山岩孔隙度的压力敏感性,笔者选取长岭断陷安山岩、角砾凝灰岩和凝灰岩的代表性岩样,分别进行3.4、8.3、13.1、17.9、22.8、27.6、32.4、37.2 MPa多个覆压条件下的气体法孔隙度测量。结果表明,随着压力的增大,3种岩性岩样的孔隙度呈不同幅度的减小,幅度减小程度由大到小的岩性依次为凝灰岩、角砾凝灰岩、安山岩;说明凝灰岩的孔隙压力敏感性较强、角砾凝灰岩的孔隙压力敏感性居中、安山岩的孔隙压力敏感性最弱。经X射线衍射全岩分析、偏光显微镜下岩石薄片鉴定、高压压汞仪实验和基于CPMG脉冲序列的核磁共振实验分析显示,岩石组份、颗粒分选、孔径分布是影响孔隙压力敏感性的关键因素;塑性矿物体积分数越大、颗粒越小、孔径越小,相应孔隙度的压力敏感性越强。     

40Ar/39Ar age of the onset of high-Ti phase of the Emeishan volcanism strengthens the link with the end-Guadalupian mass extinction

Precise time constraints of the main extrusive phase of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) remain unresolved because basalts commonly do not contain suitable minerals for U–Pb dating, whereas previous ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar studies on basalts yielded tectonothermal overprint ages. The timing for the ELIP was deduced from indirect dating of minor intrusions of ultramafic/mafic and felsic compositions by geochronological methods and geological correlations. The extrusive part of the ELIP consists of an older low-Ti and younger high-Ti basalt phases. We have found fresh samples of plagioclase-phyric rocks at the lower Qiaojia extrusive section (the Yunnan province of China), which belong to the ELIP unit of the high-Ti basalt series. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating on plagioclase from two samples conducted at two different laboratories using different age standards yielded statistically indistinguishable results with the weighted mean age of 260.1 ± 1.2 Ma for five individual measurements. This provides the direct constraints on the onset of the ELIP high-Ti basalt extrusive phase. The obtained age is within the error or slightly older than the age of the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary and felsic ignimbrite capping the ELIP lava succession (both dated at 259.1 ± 0.5 Ma). Our new data are strengthening the short duration of the, at least, high-Ti phase of the ELIP volcanism and its temporal link with the end-Guadalupian mass extinction. Estimation of the total duration of the ELIP volcanism awaits finding of suitable for dating low-Ti basalts.     

Physils and organic matter-base palaeoenvironmental records of the K/Pg boundary transition from the late Cretaceous-early Palaeogene succession of the Um-Sohryngkew River section of Meghalaya,India

A continuous, shallow marine succession of the Um-Sohryngkew River section is distinct as it contains late Maastrichtian-early Danian planktonic foraminiferal zones and the K/Pg boundary, although K/Pg transition events remain inconclusive. Physils divide entire succession in to lower, middle and upper sub-divisions and represent anomalous values of redox-sensitive elements (δCe, La/Yb and Gd/Yb) in biozone CF3. Organic matter when analyzed show TOC and C spikes in biozone CF3. Illite thermometry also revealed sudden increase in the palaeo-temperature (>140 °C) for yellowish brown 1–2 mm thick organic rich clay layer in biozone CF3. Interestingly, conspicuous increase in the short chain n-alkanes and fatty acids is observed in the biozone CF3, although, long chain n-alkanes (C₂₇–C₃₃) derived from terrestrial plants show low abundance throughout the succession.High amount of combustion derived fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a) anthracene PAH compounds found in the biozone CF3 are analogous to those reported from the K/T boundary sections of Stevns Klint, Gubbio, Woodside Creek and Arroyo el Mimbral. The pyrolitic signatures of these organic macro-molecules reflect global fire, caused distress to biota (during the deposition of biozone CF3 layer) which is coincidental with the well documented Ce anomaly layer, but, preceded by planktonic foraminiferal change in biozone P0 and PGE anomaly bearing layer in the biozone CF2. These organic macro-molecules reflect global fire, induced by the heat supplied by the late Cretaceous Abor and/or Deccan extrusions perhaps linked with the K/T transition events as later initiated prior to the K/Pg boundary, however, the main episode of Deccan volcanic activity occurred ∼300 ky earlier or at the K/Pg boundary itself. The deposition of 1–2 mm thick, yellowish brown, smooth (with conchoidal fracture) pyrite nodules and micro-spherules bearing organic rich clay layer marked with the decrease in the carbonate content (2.43%) that lies at the contact between the silty mudstone and grey calcareous shale located in the biozone CF3 of this succession coincides with the first appearance of Pseudoguembelina hariaensis representing age of 66.83–65.45 Ma is also related to the India’s collision with the Eurasia and Burma andextrusion of Abor volcanic.These events also endorse succeeding events such as anomalous concentration of platinum group of elements and concentration of spherules during biozone CF2, which are other end Cretaceous events before the advent of the K/Pg boundary.     

阳原泥河湾盆地台儿沟东剖面沉积相磁化率各向异性研究

磁化率各向异性(Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility:AMS)能揭示沉积物中磁性矿物的定向排列,用于判定水流大小和方向变化。目前,关于沉积微相的磁化率各向异性研究仍较少。本文通过对台儿沟东剖面进行高分辨率磁化率各向异性研究,发现各沉积微相和亚相的磁化率各向异性较大差异,对于水动力较大的沉积微相,如分支河道、水下支流河道、河口砂坝等,其磁化率和磁化率各向异性度相对较大;对于水动力较小的沉积微相,如分支间湾、天然堤等,磁化率和磁化率各向异性度次之;对于滨浅湖、前三角洲泥、沼泽等静水环境,磁化率和磁化率各向异性度最小。根据各沉积微相或亚相χ与P的相关系数变化,可将河湖相地层分为两段:其中,在7.8~90m深度范围内,χ与P的相关系数为正值;在之下90~130m深度范围内,χ与P的相关系数主要为负值。与郝家台、东谷坨剖面磁化率各向异性结果相似,台儿沟东剖面各沉积微相和亚相的磁化率最大轴主要倾向NNE和NNW方向,而磁化率最小轴主要倾向SW方向,表明泥河湾盆地的物源除了可能来自盆地东部外,还可能来自盆地西南部。     

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段砂岩储层致密成因

运用常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及恒速压汞等实验手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段储层特征进行研究,并以孔隙演化过程为线索分析了储层致密成因。研究结果表明:盒8段储层主要为岩屑石英砂岩、石英砂岩与岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高,储层物性差;砂岩分选性好,初始孔隙度整体较高,平均可达34.7%;受岩石组分、埋深及煤系烃源岩酸性流体的影响,压实作用强烈,破坏了大约20.4%的原生孔隙度,胶结作用破坏了其余13.9%的原生孔隙度,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽;早期溶蚀产生的孔隙被压实作用破坏,而晚期溶蚀作用较弱,仅增加了大约3.4%的次生孔隙度,难以大幅度改善储层物性。因此,成岩期原生孔隙被破坏殆尽及次生孔隙形成较少共同导致该区储层致密。     

华南中-晚二叠世之交碳酸盐岩磁学特征及环境意义

磁学参数作为可靠的古气候和古环境指标, 能为全球环境变化、气候过程研究提供有价值的资料.对广西来宾铁桥剖面瓜德鲁普-乐平统界线地层进行详细岩石磁学研究, 结果表明, 铁桥剖面样品中主要磁性矿物是顺磁性矿物以及少量磁铁矿、赤铁矿.在瓜德鲁普-乐平统界线附近, 岩石磁学特征发生显著变化, 磁化率先增大再减小, 携磁矿物成分呈硬磁性矿物(赤铁矿)→软磁性矿物(磁铁矿)→硬磁性矿物(赤铁矿)的变化趋势, 这些转变仅在界线上下大约4m的岩层内完成, 与中二叠世晚期的海平面变化、古海水温度变化同步.中-晚二叠世之交碳酸盐岩磁学参数的变化显著, 反映磁性矿物在各圈层之间的运移和转换发生了转变, 这一转变起因于当时的气候环境变化.瓜德鲁普世晚期和乐平世早期, 海平面较高, 来宾地区物源少, 铁桥剖面的携磁矿物主要来自粉尘赤铁矿; 中-晚二叠世之交短暂的大规模海退作用使华南古陆面积大幅度增加, 同时陆生植物大规模灭绝, 地表侵蚀加剧, 来宾地区物源增多, 此时, 铁桥剖面的携磁矿物主要来源于河流输入的磁铁矿.      

地质勘探用膨胀波纹管截面设计与选择

膨胀波纹管技术是将圆管制成异形截面管,下入孔内后胀圆维护孔壁稳定的一种新兴钻探技术。针对地质勘探的行业需求,提出了一套膨胀波纹管截面形状的设计理论,系统地阐述了膨胀波纹管截面设计的相关步骤和细节,设计出了6种花形不同尺寸的膨胀波纹管截面设计图。在此基础上,利用ANSYS14.0数值模拟软件对不同的设计截面进行了对比分析,得出了膨胀波纹管选择的3条原则：六瓣梅花形是最佳截面形式;设计截面的波峰和波谷的半径、弧度应尽量接近;在满足护壁压力要求的情况,壁厚应尽量的小。     

断面法选择独立坐标系的探讨

针对工程建设中为满足相应的测量精度要求而进行的独立坐标系选择相关研究不足的现状,该文阐述了高斯投影长度变形计算原理,基于数字高程模型绘制的断面图和高斯投影长度变形适用范围曲线的套合,提出了一种独立坐标系选择方法。试验结果表明本文提出的方法是可行的,能够对各种投影长度变形要求的独立坐标系选择提供参考。