西藏日土岩基三宫岩石序列地球化学、年代学及构造意义

西藏日土岩基三宫岩石序列由花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩、石英闪长岩组成,富含包体,包体由砂板岩捕掳体、角闪石析离体和镁铁质暗色深源包体组成。寄主岩的地球化学性质显示高硅、铝不饱和-弱饱和、钙碱性-高钾钙碱性、富集轻稀土、弱-中等的铕异常,寄主岩地球化学协和图指示岩浆来源为壳幔混源,花岗闪长岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为115.5±0.4Ma,该混源花岗岩序列与狮泉河带闭合过程中岛弧与班戈地体的碰撞有关。     

南祁连拉脊山构造带早古生代岩浆混合作用:以马场岩体为例

拉脊山构造带位于南祁连构造带北缘,发育大量早古生代岩浆岩.其南缘马场岩体主要由黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成,花岗闪长岩中发育大量的镁铁质微粒包体.黑云母花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和镁铁质包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为467±7Ma、468±6Ma、466±6Ma.黑云母花岗岩具有低K2O/Na2O (0.28～0...     

Mineralogy, whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of mafic microgranular enclaves in Cretaceous Dagbasi granitoids, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Evidence of magma mixing, mingling and chemical equilibration

Rocks of the Late Cretaceous Dagbasi Pluton (88-83 Ma), located in the eastern Pontides, include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) ranging from a few centimetres to metres in size, and from ellipsoidal to ovoid in shape. The MMEs are composed of gabbroic diorite, diorite and tonalite, whereas the felsic host rocks comprise mainly tonalite, granodiorite and monzogranite based on both mineralogical and chemical compositions. MMEs are characterized by a fine-grained, equigranular and hypidiomorphic texture. The common texture of felsic host rocks is equigranular and also reveals some special types of microscopic textures, e.g., oscillatory-zoned plagioclase, poikilitic K-feldspar, small lath-shaped plagioclase in large plagioclase, blade-shaped biotite, acicular apatite, spike zones in plagioclase and spongy-cellular plagioclase textures and rounded plagioclase megacrysts in MMEs. Compositions of plagioclases (An₃₃-An₆₀), hornblendes (Mg#=0.77-1.0) and biotites (Mg#=0.61-0.63) of MMEs are slightly distinct or similar to those of host rocks (An_12-57; hbl Mg#=0.63-1.0; Bi Mg#=0.50-0.69), which suggest partial to complete equilibration during mafic-felsic magma interactions.The felsic host rocks have SiO₂ between 60 and 76 wt% and display low to slightly medium-K tholeiitic to calc-alkaline and peraluminous to slightly metaluminous characteristics. Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element (REE) patterns are fractionated (La_cn/Lu_cn=1.5-7.3) with pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.46-1.1). Initial ε_Nd(i) values vary between −3.1 and 1.6, initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values between 0.7056 and 0.7067.Compared with the host rocks, the MMEs are characterized by relatively high Mg-number of 22-52, low contents of SiO₂ (53-63 wt%), low ASI (0.7-1.1) and low to medium-K tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, metaluminous to peraluminous composition. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are relatively flat [(La/Yb)_cn=1.4-3.9; (Tb/Yb)_cn=0.9-1.5] and show small negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.63-1.01). Isotope signatures of these rocks (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i)=0.7054-0.7055; ε_Nd(i)=-1.0 to 1.9) are largely similar to the host rocks. Gabbroic diorite enclaves have relatively low contents of SiO₂, ASI; high Mg#, CaO, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, P₂O₅, Sr and Nb concentrations compared to dioritic and tonalitic enclaves.The geochemical and isotopic similarities between the MMEs and their host rocks indicate that the enclaves are of mixed origin and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and mantle-derived magmas. All the geochemical data suggest that a basic magma derived from an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle, interacted with a crustal melt that originated from dehydration melting of the mafic lower crust at deep crustal levels. The existence of compositional and textural disequilibrium and the nature of chemical and isotopic variation in these rock types indicate that magma mixing/mingling between an evolved mafic and a granitic magma was involved in their genesis. Microgranular enclaves are thus interpreted to be globules of a more mafic magma probably from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Al-in-amphibole estimates the pluton emplacement at ca. 0.3-3.8 kbar, and therefore, magma mixing and mingling must have occurred at 3.8 kbar or below this level.     

The magmatic plumbing system beneath El Hierro (Canary Islands): constraints from phenocrysts and naturally quenched basaltic glasses in submarine rocks

A thermobarometric and petrologic study of basanites erupted from young volcanic cones along the submarine portions of the three El Hierro rift zones (NE-Rift, NW-Rift and S-Ridge) has been performed to reconstruct magma plumbing and storage beneath the island. Mineral-melt thermobarometry applied to naturally quenched glass and clinopyroxene rims yields pressures ranging from 350 to 1070 MPa with about 80% of the calculated pressures being in the range of 600–800 MPa. This corresponds to a depth range of 19–26 km, implying that the main level of final crystal fractionation is within the uppermost mantle. No systematic dependence between sample locality and fractionation pressures could be observed. Olivine and clinopyroxene crystals in the rocks are complexly zoned and have, on an inter-sample as well as on an intra-sample scale, highly variable core and rim compositions. This can best be explained by mixing of multiply saturated (olivine, magnetite, clinopyroxene, ilmenite), moderately evolved magmas with more mafic magmas being either only saturated with olivine + spinel or with olivine + spinel + clinopyroxene. The inter-sample differences indicate derivation from small, isolated magma chambers which have undergone distinct fractionation and mixing histories. This is in contrast to oceanic intraplate volcanoes situated on plumes with high melt supply rates, e.g. Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii), where magma is mainly transported through a central conduit system and stored in a shallow magma chamber prior to injection into the rift zones. The plumbing system beneath El Hierro rather resembles the magma storage systems beneath, e.g. Madeira or La Palma, indicating that small, intermittent magma chambers might be a common feature of oceanic islands fed by plumes with relatively low fluxes, which results in only limited and periodic magma supply.     

新疆若羌红石山镍矿地质特征及找矿标志

新疆若羌红石山镍矿产于早二叠世镁质基性-超基性岩中,杂岩体由多种岩相组成,成矿主要与橄榄岩相关系密切.蚀变类型主要有蛇纹石化、滑石化、伊丁石化、纤闪石化、绿泥石化等,含矿岩体具高磁、低重力、低阻及较高极化率异常特征,Cu,Ni,Co,Cr,Zn等元素显示较突出异常,地表存在次生镍矿风化壳.矿床成因属岩浆晚期就地熔离型镍矿.     

Magma eruption rates of Merapi volcano,Central Java,Indonesia during one century (1890–1992)

The magma eruption rates of Merapi volcano form 1890 to 1992 are re-examined chronologically. For this volcano, movements of extruded lavas and domes as well as their extrusions are important because they control the modes of the subsequent activities and cause nuées ardentes and lahars. The monthly eruption rates varied widely, but the cumulative volume of lavas has increased linearly and is expressed as 0.1x10⁶ m³/month. The magma production rate of this volcano may have been constant for these 100 years. Recurrent excessive effusion of lavas is tentatively interpreted by assuming a magma reservoir. The averaged eruption rate is small in comparison with other volcanoes such as Nyramuragia, Kilauea and Vesuvio. However, it is remarkable that the activity has been continuous for these 100 years and the total amount of lava discharged during this period reached more than 10⁸ m³. A simple model for the formation of the 1992 lava dome is presented. The viscosity of the lavas is probably between 10⁶ and 10⁷ P and the length of the magma conduit is probably less than 10 km.     

Unstable flow,magma mixing and magma-rock deformation in a deep-seated conduit: the Gil-Márquez Complex,south-west Spain

The Gil-Marquez Complex is an exceptional outcrop of plutonic rocks ranging in composition from diorites to granites emplaced into Devonian terrigenous metasediments of the southernmost part of the Hercynian basement of Iberia. A combined study of this complex, including field geology, petrology, structural geology and geochemistry, reveals that it represents an ancient conduit of magma transport through the continental crust. This conduit allowed the intrusion of magmas of contrasted compositions. Two end-members and several hybrids are identified. The first end-member is a biotite granite and the second is a basaltic magma generated by partial melting of a depletedmantle source. Both magmas rose through a common channel in which favorable conditions for unstable flow and magma mixing occurred. The observed relations in the Gil-Márquez Complex show that mixing in conduits may be an important mechanism for producing homogeneous hybrid magmas.     

黑龙江镜泊湖火山地区电性结构初步研究

在黑龙江镜泊湖火山地区做了 30个点的大地电磁测深工作。结果表明 :测区为非一维结构 ,中部为二维结构 ,走向为北东向。上下大致可分为 3个电性层 ,电阻率上部为中阻 ,中部为高阻 ,下部为低阻。测区四周电阻率高 ,中部有一个截面不规则的北东向拉长的低阻立式柱状体 ,该柱体的电阻率从上到下也呈“中 -高 -低”形式     

华北某些富磷碱性-偏碱性杂岩岩浆成分和熔体结构与含矿性关系

华北富磷碱性-偏碱性杂岩的岩浆成分和岩浆熔体结构对岩浆的含磷性和磷的富集起着控制作用。磷的富集作用发生在岩浆起源阶段和岩浆分异作用(岩浆不混溶作用、结晶分异作用)阶段。在这两个阶段的演化过程中,P_2O_5含量及其变化趋势严格受岩浆成分、熔体结构(如NBO/T,M/F)和α_(SiO_2)、μ_(K_2O)控制,表现为P_2O_5含量与SiO_2、K_2O、K_2O+Na_2O及CaO/(MgO+SiO_2)等有密切关系。     

白马含矿层状镁铁—超镁铁质侵入体的岩石学研究

白马岩体是层状构造发育、分异作用明显的单斜层状侵入体,产于攀西裂谷带中段,侵位于前震旦系会理群变质岩系中,K-Ar年龄为342～363Ma。层状岩系可划分下部镁铁质岩、超镁铁质岩、上部镁铁质岩及浅色镁铁质岩等四个岩相带。固溶体矿物的成分、岩石化学和稀土元素的特点及其演化,表明岩体是在熔离和液态重力分异的基础上经过自下而上的结晶分异作用形成的。