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81.
地表温度作为研究环境生态影响的一个重要指标之一,以Landsat ETM+的热红外波段作为数据源,辅助大气透过率、大气平均气温等参数,利用单窗算法基于混合像元、NDVI、植被和裸露地三种不同地表比辐射率反演泉州市地表温度,对比分析结果表明采用这三种地表比辐射率反演地表温度的方法均是可行的,对于具体采用哪一种地表比辐射率应需要结合实际的研究区域地表地物的实际监测地表温度进行对比后,方可选择合适的地表比辐射率进行地表温度反演,会更具实际意义。反演结果可为城市热岛效应等研究提供支持数据源。 相似文献
82.
通过三维激光扫描仪可以获取到表示空间对象的点云数据。通过设置仪器的采样间隔可以获取到表示对象不同精密程度的点集。但是由于离散点之间缺乏相应的拓扑关系,限制了以点为基本图元的模型的应用。以空间离散特征点集为研究对象,研究了一种三维建模算法。算法基于距离较近的点之间比距离较远的点之间存在拓扑连接的可能性更大的前提,对点集进行预处理,然后在此基础上进行快速建模,最终获取到以三角形为基本面片的格网模型。所建立的模型易于进行各项空间分析和操作。该算法也能够有效地应用于更为复杂的建模任务中,以达到一体化建模的目的。 相似文献
83.
84.
大气折光是测绘领域数据采集时的主要误差来源之一。本文从大气折射率与大气密度的关系入手,论述了大气折光的两种形式,详细分析了大气折光对天顶距测量和光电测距的影响,进一步论证了在温度梯度逆转时刻进行观测可以有效地削弱大气折光误差对测量结果的影响。 相似文献
85.
Soil respiration (Rs) is of great importance to the global carbon balance. Remote sensing of Rs is challenging because of (1) the lack of long-term Rs data for model development and (2) limited knowledge of using satellite-based products to estimate Rs. Using 8-years (2002–2009) of continuous Rs measurements with nonsteady-state automated chamber systems at a Canadian boreal black spruce stand (SK-OBS), we found that Rs was strongly correlated with the product of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the nighttime land surface temperature (LSTn) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. The coefficients of the linear regression equation of this correlation between Rs and NDVI × LSTn could be further calibrated using the MODIS leaf area index (LAI) product, resulting in an algorithm that is driven solely by remote sensing observations. Modeled Rs closely tracked the seasonal patterns of measured Rs and explained 74–92% of the variance in Rs with a root mean square error (RMSE) less than 1.0 g C/m2/d. Further validation of the model from SK-OBS site at another two independent sites (SK-OA and SK-OJP, old aspen and old jack pine, respectively) showed that the algorithm can produce good estimates of Rs with an overall R2 of 0.78 (p < 0.001) for data of these two sites. Consequently, we mapped Rs of forest landscapes of Saskatchewan using entirely MODIS observations for 2003 and spatial and temporal patterns of Rs were well modeled. These results point to a strong relationship between the soil respiratory process and canopy photosynthesis as indicated from the greenness index (i.e., NDVI), thereby implying the potential of remote sensing data for detecting variations in Rs. A combination of both biological and environmental variables estimated from remote sensing in this analysis may be valuable in future investigations of spatial and temporal characteristics of Rs. 相似文献
86.
基于 Landsat 8的城市热岛效应研究初探--以厦门市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以厦门市为研究区域,以2013年的Landsat 8为研究数据,研究亮度温度反演和地表温度反演算法,通过ENVI/IDL软件编程实现,并且利用厦门市气象局实测温度验证地表反演结果的有效性。同时,还分析了当前厦门市热岛效应空间分布情况,以期为厦门市城市规划和建设旅行城市等工作提供重要参考意义。 相似文献
87.
Z. Wiśniewski 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(2):105-120
The paper presents a method of estimating parameters in two competitive functional models. The models considered here are
concerned with the same observation set and are based on the assumption that an observation may result from a realization
of either of two different random variables. These variables differ from one another at least in the main characteristic (for
example, outliers can be realizations of one variable). A quantity that describes the opportunity of identifying a single
observation with one random variable is assumed to be known. That quantity, called the elementary split potential, is strictly
referred to the amount of information that an observation can provide about two competitive assumptions concerning the observation
distribution. Parameter assessments that maximize the global elementary split potential (concerning all observations), are
called M
split estimators. A generalization of M
split estimation presented in the paper refers to the theoretical foundation of M-estimation.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
88.
利用NOAA-AVHRR数据分析1982-2001年间中国植被的动态变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The authors derived the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the NOAA/AVHRR Land dataset, at a spatial resolution of 8km and 15-day intervals, to investigate the vegetation variations in China during the period from 1982 to 2001. Then, GIS is used to examine the relationship between precipitation and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in China, and the value of NDVI is taken as a tool for drought monitoring. The results showed that in the study period, China’s vegetation cover h... 相似文献
89.
90.
Arun K. Saraf Vineeta Rawat Swapnamita Choudhury Sudipta Dasgupta Josodhir Das 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009
Stresses building up during an earthquake preparation phase also manifest themselves in the form of a so called increased land surface temperature (LST) leading to a thermal precursor prior to the earthquake event. This phenomenon has now been validated by our observations of short-term thermal anomalies detected by infrared satellite sensors for several recent past earthquakes around the world. The rise in infrared radiance temperature was seen to vary between 5 and 12 °C for different earthquakes. We discuss in this paper different explanations for the generation of such anomalies that have been offered. Emission of gases due to the opening and closure of micropores upon induced stresses and also the participation of ground water have been propounded as a possible cause for generation of thermal anomalies. Seismo-ionosphere coupling, by which gases like radon move to the earth–atmosphere interface and cause air ionization thus bringing about a change in air temperature, relative humidity, etc., has been put forth by some workers. A mechanism of low frequency electromagnetic emission was tested and experimented by scientists with rock masses in stressed conditions as those that exist at tectonic locations. The workers proposed the positive hole pair theory, which received support from several scientific groups. Positive holes (sites of electron deficiency) are activated in stressed rocks from pre-existing yet dormant positive hole pairs (PHPs) and their recombination at rock–air interface leads to a LST rise. A combination of remote sensing detection of rock mechanics behavior with a perception of chemistry and geophysics has been applied to propose the remote sensing rock mechanics theory. Remote sensing detections of such anomalies confirm so far proposed lab theories for such a hotly debated field as earthquake precursor study by providing unbiased observations with consistency in time and space distribution. 相似文献